References Allan G.L., B. Banens and S. Fielder. 2001. Developing commercial inland salineaquaculture in Australia : Part 2. Resource inventory and assessment. NSW Fisheries Final report series No. 31, NSW Fisheries, Australia. APHA (American Public Health Association). 1980. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste wate1; 14th edition, American Public Health Association , Washington, District of Columbia, USA. Bartlett, P. and Enkerlin, E. 1983. Growth of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenebrgii in asbestos asphalt ponds in hard water and a low protein diet. Aquaculture 30:353-356. Brown, J. H., Wickins, J. F. and MacLean, M. H. 1991. The effect of water hardness on growth and carapace mineralization.ofjuvenile freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man. Aquaculture 95:329-345. Fig. 2. Prawns harvested from saline water pond. (Photo byAtul Kumar Jain) Boyd, C.E. and T. Thunjai. 2003. Concentrations of major ions in waters of inland shrimp farms in China, Ecuado1; Thailand and the United States. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 34 (4): 524-532. Collins A. and B. Russell. 2003. Inland prawn farming trial in Australia, Pond study tests P monodon performance in low-salinity groundwater. Global Aquaculture Advocate 6 (2):84-85. Fielder D.S., W J. Bardsley and G. F. AUan. 2001. Survival and growth of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus, in saline groundwater from inland New South Wales, Australia. Aquaculture 201 :73-90. Forsberg J.A., P. W. Dorsett and W H. Neill. 1996. Survival and growth of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus in saline groundwater of West Texas, USA. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27: 462-474. Ingram B.A., L. J. McKinnon and G. J. Gooley. 2002. Growth and survival of selected aquatic animals in two saline groundwater evaporation basins: An Australian case study. Aquaculture Research 33: 425-436. Jain, A.K., S. C. Mukherjee and S. Ayyappan. 2004. Inland saline water aquaculture in India : Research and development. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India. Kalra, N.K. and D. C. Sharma. 1 999. Ground water Atlas of Rajasthan. SRSAC, DST, Govt. of Rajasth:an, Jodhpur. Karim, M. 1996. Brackishwater aquaculture in Bangladesh :'A review. FAO/UNDP Technical Report No. 12 Ling, WS. 1967. Methods of rearing and culturin•g Macrobrachium rosenebrgii (de Man). In Proceedings of the World scientific conference on biology and culture of shrimps and prawns. 1 2-21 June, 1967, Mexico. FAO Fisheries Report No. 57 (3). Rahman, Ur-Shakeeb 2003. Survival and growth of Penaeus monodon in inland saline groundwater. M.F.Sc. dissertation submitted to Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India. Samocha TM., L. Hamper, C. R. Emberson, A. D. Davis, D. McIntosh, A. L. Lawrence and P M. Van Wyk. 2002. Review of some recent developments in sustainable shrimp farming practices in Texas, Arizona and Florida. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 12: 1-42. Sandifer, P.A., J. S. Hopkins and T. I. J. Smith. 1975. Observations on salinity tolerance and osmoregulation in laboratory reared Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (Crustacea:Caridae). Aquaculture 6:103-1 14 Stern, S., A. Brout and D. Cohen. 1987. Osmotic and ionic regulation of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) adapted to varying salinities and ion concentrations. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 86A: 373-379. The availability of saline water is increasing in inland regions of many countries including the U.S., Australia and India. The increase is attributed to hydrological imbalances below the land surface, high rates of evapotranspiration in semiarid and arid regions and to geological and topographical features. As a result of inland salinity, agriculture production is adversely affected. Aquaculture is being viewed as an economically viable activity to utilize the vast and ever-increasing resource of inland saline water and also, to combat inland salinity. In Australia, sub-surface saline water is pumped into large evaporation basins to reclaim lands for agricultural use that were potentially sensitive to water logging. Saline water from evaporation basins is found suitable for culture of a few fish and shrimp species. Saline waterpond at Dhurmai, Bharatpur. (Photo by Atul Kumar Jain) WORLD AQUACULTURE 13
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