berglass may be used for transporting fish for very short distances, often to fish processing facilities. A protective mat made of rubber or insulation is placed between the bottom of the transport tank and the deck of the truck to prevent tank wear from road vibrations. Larger transport tanks should contain baffles to help reduce water surge inside the tank. Excessive water surge must be limited inasmuch as it decreases braking ability by increasing the stopping distance of the vehicle due to the sudden forward movement of the water. Overflow ports may be installed in tanks where agitators are used to maintain acceptable levels of carbon dioxide. The ports prevent the filling of tanks to full capacity, which would eliminate the air space that agitators need to allow gas exchange at the surface of the water. Tank drains must be at least 30 cm wide to allow the discharge of large catfish. Slide gates are installed in front off the tank drains to hold back the fish and water when the drain gate is removed during unloading. Installing drains on one end of the tank allows fish to be released from the same side without having to reposition the truck. Tank floors should slope toward the drains to help facilitate the discharge of water and prevent stranding fish (Jensen 1990a). An aluminum chute or large diameter PVC pipe is attached to the tank drain and is used to discharge the fish and water into a holding vat or pond. A 25-50 mm, 12 v submersible pump, or portable gasoline pump should be carried on the transport truck to replace tank water and to acclimate the fish to temperature when needed. Non-chlorinated ice may be added to the tanks during hot weather to keep the transport water cool. This reduces fish metabolism and increases the amount of dissolved oxygen the water can hold. Non-chlorinated ice may be added at a rate of 1 kg/16.6 L of transport water, which will reduce water temperature by approximately 5.5°C (Jensen 1990b). Rock salt may be added at a rate of 8 g/L (0.8 percent solution) or 3 kg/379 L of hauling water to reduce fish stress (Wurts 1995). When stocking catfish into ponds, approximately one half of the hauling water should be replaced with receiving water if the difference in water temperature is more than 5°C, or more than one unit in pH. Allow approximately 30 minutes for the fish to acclimate in the tank for each 5°C difference in water temperature, or for one unit difference in pH. Notes 'Kentucky State University, Graves County Cooperative Extension Office, 251 Housman Street, Mayfield, Kentucky USA 42066. fwynne@uky.edu Literature of Interest Morrison, C.M., K. Fitzsimmons and J.R. Wright, Jr. 2006. Atlas of Tilapia Histology. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton_ Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. 96 p. Spiral bound. $45 for WAS members, $80 for non-members. This volume provides high quality photographs of the four primary culture species of tilapia (Nile, Stirling Red hybrid, Jamaican Red hybrid, and Blue), general external and internal anatomical features and an extensive series of photomicrographs of the various systems and organs associated with this interesting group 44 MARCH 2007 of fishes. Each photograph is accompanied by a detailed explanatory caption. The atlas includes a table of abbreviations used in the photo captions, a list of references and suggested reading, along with a subject index. For anyone interested in the normal histology of tilapia, the atlas will be of great value. It should be of particular interest to fish pathologists. Gibson, R.N., Ed. 2005. Flatfishes - Biology and Exploitation. Blackwell Publishing Ltcl., Oxford, United Kingdom. 416 p. Hardbound. £95.00. References Bosworth, B.G., B.C. Small and C. Mischke. 2004. Effects of transport water temperature, aerator type, and oxygen level on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fillet quality. Journal of the World aquaculture Society 35:412-419. Jensen, G.L. 1990a. Transportation of warmwater fish: equipment and guidelines. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 390, Stoneville, Mississippi USA. Jensen, G.L. 1990b. Transportation of warmwater fish: procedures and loading rates. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 392, Stoneville, Mississippi USA. Jensen, G.L. 1990c. Transportation of warmwater fish: loading rates and tips by species. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 393, Stoneville, Mississippi USA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service). 2005. Catfish production. Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia USA. Piper, R.G., I.B. McElwain, L.E. Orme, L.G. Fowler and J.R. Leonard. 1989. Fish hatchery management. Fourth edition. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, District of Columbia USA. Wurts, WA. 1995. Using salt to reduce handling stress in channel catfish. World Aquaculture 26(3)80-81. Wurts, WA. 1990. Pure oxygen and live fish transport. WKY-214. Kentucky Fish Farming Newsletter 3(2). While this book does not specifically focus on aquaculture, those interested in flatfish culture should be able to glean important useful information from several of the chapters. Understanding the life history of a species in the wild often provides clues as to how to approach various aspects of its culture, so this book can provide those clues to those interested in this group of species. Of particular importance in that regard would be Chapter 4 on ecology of reproduction (A.D. Rijnsdorp and P.R. Witthames), Chapter 5 on flatfish planktonic stages (K.M. ( Continued on page 72)
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