52 September 2009 Table 4. About 20 species have been cultivated in 2004, according to the FAO statistics. Only eight species or groups are important or rather important, marked with bold letters. From the countries in parentheses, no yield was reported. Species - common name Latin name Areas Dominating countries Banana prawn Penaeus merguiensis South-east Asia Indonesia, Viet Nam Southern white shrimp Penaeus schmitti Central Atlantic Cuba Kuruma prawn Penaues japonica Asia, Europe and Australia China Blue shrimp Penaues stylirostris Central America, Pacific New Caledonia Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei South America, Asia China, Ecuador, Indonesiea. Mexico, Thailand, Viet Nam Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon Asia China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Fleshy prawn Penaeus chinensis Asia China Caramote prawn Penaeus kerathurus (Africa) (Algeria) Green tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus (Europe,Africa) (Italy, United Arab Em) Brown Tiger prawn Penaeus esculentus (Australia) (Australia) Northern White shrimp Penaeus setiferus (USA) (USA) Indian white prawn Penaeus Indicus Europe, Asia, Africa India,Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam Redtail prawn Penaeus penicillatus Asia China Taiwan Penaeus shrimps nei Penaeus spp. Asia, Africa, South and Central America Bangladesh, China,Honduras Eastern school shrimp Metapenaeus macleayi (Australia) (Australia) Geasyback shrimp Metapenaesu ensis Asia China Taiwan Metapenaeus shrimps nei Metapenaeus spp Asia Indonesia Akiami paste shrimp Acetes japonicus Asia Indonesia Baltic prawn Palaemon adspersus (Europe) (Ukraina) Natantia decapods nei Natantia Asia, China Taiwan Table 5. The most prominent countries cultivating large tropical shrimps. Country Amount Percentage Value Percentage cultivated of value in million of total in tons 2004 US$ 1. China 935 944 37.8 3182 32.7 2. Thailand 390 000 15.8 1128 11.6 3. Viet Nam 275 569 11.1 1102 11.0 4. Indonesia 238 567 9.6 1047 10.8 5. India 133 020 5.4 811 8.3 6. Brazil 75 904 3.1 304 3.7 7. Mexico 62 361 2.5 240 2.1 8. Bangladesh 58 044 2.3 195 2.0 9. Ecuador 56 300 2.3 270 2.8 10. Malaysia 30 000 1.2 193 2.0 11. Myanmar (Burma) 30 000 1.2 120 1.2 Other countries 190 314 7.7 1143 11.7 Total 2 476 023 100.0 9735 99.9 very simple. Usually the farms were situated in the tidal zone in ponds or other types of enclosures. By using tidal water, wild fry were collected close to the shore. In the enclosures, the fry consumed naturally produced feed. Gradually, more sophisticated methods were developed and the postlarvae and juveniles were fed with feed supplied by the farmers. In the 1930s, Japanese scientists successfully propagated shrimp in captivity. Motosaku Fujinaga was the first scientist to breed Kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) in captivity (Bardach et al.1972). During a period of 30 years, the technology was improved and commercial shrimp farming began in the 1960s. Technology was also developed for other species around the world when it became obvious that research was needed for each new aquaculture candidate species. But, for some species breeding in captivity was difficult to achieve. The farmers became dependant on wild fry that were caught in coastal areas or gravid females caught at sea. By the end of 1980s, production through farming of large tropical shrimp started to exceed the wild catches for the first time according to FAO2 (Figure
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