44 June 2012 pathological changes in the intestine or liver. These studies confirm that replacing fishmeal with DJKM has no adverse effect on the biochemical haematological and histological parameters in common carp and rainbow trout. Conclusions Jatropha curcas is a biofuel plant and its seeds are rich in oil and protein. Jatropha seed cake and kernel meal, a byproduct of Jatropha biodiesel manufacture, is rich in protein and can be used in aquafeeds. However, it must be detoxified before incorporation into fish and shrimp diets because of the presence of anti-nutritional and toxic components. Detoxified Jatropha kernel meal can be used as one of the promising fish meal replacers in the diets of common carp, rainbow trout and whiteleg shrimp. It can replace 50 percent of fishmeal protein without sacrificing the growth performance, nutrient utilization and health of fish and shrimp. These studies enlarge the number of plant protein sources that can be used in aquafeeds, and opens new market opportunities for the use of a new feed resource. Additional studies with DJKM-based diets on a larger scale and under commercial pond conditions are warranted. Notes 1Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Belgium. 2Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrs’ka Street 60, 01030 Kiev, Ukraine.. 3Center for Aquaculture Research & Development, St. Xavier’s Vocational Training Center, Don Bosco, Bishramganj, Tripura, India *Corresponding author: debtanu08@gmail.com, Mobile- +919856423177 4Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Mumbai, India 5College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura-799210, India 6Kumar, V., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker. 2011d. Evaluations of the nutritional value of Jatropha curcas protein isolate in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. Pre-published online 07 Sept. 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439–0396.2011.01217.x. 7Kumar, V., A. Akinleye, H.P.S. Makkar, M.A. Angulo-Escalante and K. Becker. 2011c. Growth performance and metabolic efficiency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed a diet containing Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal as a protein source. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. Pre-published online 12 Jan. 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439–0396.2010.01118.x. References Akinleye, A., V. Kumar, H.P.S. Makkar, M.A. Angulo-Escalante and K. Becker. 2011. Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal as feed ingredient for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): Growth, nutrient utilization and blood parameters. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Pre-published online 16 March 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439–0396.2011.01137.x. Aderibigbe, A.O., C.O.L.E. Johnson, H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker. 1997. Chemical composition and effect of heat on organic matter and nitrogen degradabality and some antinutritonal components of Jatropha meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67: 223-243. Aregheore, E.M., K. Becker, H.P.S. Makkar. 2003. Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats. The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 21:50-56. Alvarez, J. S., A. Hernandez-Llamas, J. Galindo, I. Fraga, T. Garcia and H. Villarreal. 2007. Substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal in practical diets for juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Pe´rez-Farfante and Kensley 1997). Aquaculture Research 38:689-695. Becker, K. and H.P.S. Makkar. 1998. Effects of phorbol esters in carp (Cyprinus Carpio L). Veterinary and Human Toxicology 40:82-86. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2007: World review of fisheries and aquaculture. In: R. Grainger, editor. The State of World Fishery and Aquaculture 2006. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Goel, G., H.P.S. Makkar, G. Francis and K. Becker. 2007. Phorbol Esters: Structure, Biological Activity, and Toxicity in Animals. International Journal of Toxicology 26:279-288. Harter, T., F. Buhrke, V. Kumar, U. Focken, H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker. 2011. Substitution of fishmeal by Jatropha curcas kernel meal: Effects on growth performance and body composition of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Nutrition 17:542-548. Kumar, V. 2011. Jatropha meal and protein isolate as a protein source in aquafeed. PhD thesis. University of Hohenheim, Germany Kumar, V., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker. 2011a. Detoxified Jat- (Continued from page 42)
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=