42 MARCH 2013 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG and improvement of adaptation strategies. Adaptation strategies for coping with the impacts of climate change on prawn farming must be developed with limited resources. Integrated coastal zone management and reforestation of coastal areas could reduce potential threats to prawn farming communities. To address the health problems of prawn farming communities and to reduce climatesensitive diseases, initiatives need to be considered for health services, policy decisions, scientific research and institutional capacity to handle adverse consequences of climate change. Awareness programs on climate change impacts on health could build resilience of prawn farming communities (Rahman 2008). Moreover, institutional and organizational support and government facilities are needed for prawn farming communities to address the health issues related to climate change. Notes 1 Nesar Ahmed, Professor, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University; Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, SA Water Center for Water Management and Reuse, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; E-mail: nesar.ahmed@unisa.edu.au. References Agrawala, S., T. Ota, A.U. Ahmed, J. Smith and M.V. Aalst. 2003. Development and Climate Change in Bangladesh: Focus on Coastal Flooding and the Sundarbans. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, France, 70 p. Ahmed, N., H. Demain and J.F. Muir. 2008. Freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh: history, present status and future prospects. Aquaculture Research 39:806-819. Ahmed, N., E.H. Allison and J.F. Muir. 2010a. Rice-fields to prawn farms: a blue revolution in southwest Bangladesh? Aquaculture International 18:555-574. Ahmed, N., M. Troell, E.H. Allison and J.F. Muir. 2010b. Prawn postlarvae fishing in coastal Bangladesh: challenges for sustainable livelihoods. Marine Policy 34:218-227. Allison, E.H., W.N. Adger, M.C. Badjeck, K. Brown, D. Conway, N.K. Dulvy, A. Halls, A. Perry and J.D. Reynolds. 2004. Effects of climate change on the sustainability of capture and enhancement fisheries important to the poor. Fisheries Management Science Programme, Department for International Development (DFID), UK. Conway, G. and J. Waage. 2010. Science and Innovation for Development. UK Collaborative on Development Sciences (UKCDS), London, UK. Dasgupta, S., M. Huq, Z.H. Khan, M.M.Z. Ahmed, N. Mukherjee, M.F. Khan and K Pandey. 2011. Cyclones in a changing climate: the case of Bangladesh. DEFRA, London, UK. DoF (Department of Fisheries). 2010. Fisheries statistical yearbook of Bangladesh 2008-2009. Fisheries Resources Survey System, Department of Fisheries, Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2007. Building adaptive capacity to climate change: policies to sustain livelihoods and fisheries. New Directions in Fisheries – a Series of Policy Briefs on Development Issues, No. 8:1-16, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Harmeling, S. 2010. Global Climate Risk Index 2010: Who is the Most Vulnerable? Weather-Related Loss Events Since 1990 and How Copenhagen Needs to Responds. Germanwatch, Bonn, Germany. Jakobsen, F., A.K.M.Z. Hoque, G.N. Paudyal and M.S. Bhuiyan. 2005. Evaluation of the short-term processes forcing the monsoon river floods in Bangladesh. Water International 30:389-399. Rahman, A. 2008. Climate change and its impact on health in Bangladesh. Regional Health Forum 12:16-26. USAID. 2006. A pro-poor analysis of the shrimp sector in Bangladesh. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Development and Training Services, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, USA, 93 p. World Bank. 2000. Bangladesh: climate change and sustainable development. Report No. 21104-BD, Rural Development Unit, South Asia Region, the World Bank, Dhaka, Bangladesh. WorldFish Center. 2006. The threat to fisheries and aquaculture from climate change. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. FIGURE 6. Women must walk long distances to procure drinking water.
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