WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2013 67 Results Supplementation of sesame resulted in improved reproductive performance of male African catfish (Table 2). The greatest effect of sesame on reproductive parameters was measured on the duration of sperm motility. The duration of sperm motility of fish fed sesame at any level was greater than that of fish fed the control diet. The duration of sperm motility of fish fed sesame meal was 33-72 percent greater than that of control fish. There was no effect of dietary sesame on milt volume or the proportion of sperm that were motile. Sperm density was greatest in fish fed sesame at 100 mg/kg and was least in fish fed the control diet but was only significantly different from the control at the highest level of dietary sesame. Sperm density was greater in fish fed sesame at any level than in fish not fed sesame. Egg hatchability and survival were significantly greater in treatments with dietary sesame as compared to the control. In general, dietary sesame had a positive effect on the measured reproductive performance indices. The reproductive performance of African catfish fed diets with sesame was better than those not fed diets with sesame, especially regarding motility duration (Table 2). Studies in humans and animals show that sesame seed improves fertility in males, especially sperm characteristics (Ashamu et al. 2010). The use of sesame seed meal is recommended as a feed additive for improved reproductive performance of male African catfish broodstock. Future research should focus on the improvement of fry production technology for different fish species using dietary sesame, inasmuch as the main aim of aquaculture is to maximize fish production. This plant has promising pro-fertility properties that can be exploited in aquaculture. Notes 1Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria References Adeparusi E.O., A.A. Dada and O.V. Alale. 2010. The effects of medicinal plant (Kigelia africana) on sperm quality of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Broodstock. Journal of Agricultural Science 2:193-199. Adesulu, E.A. and D.H. Syndeham. 2007. The Freshwater Fishes and Fisheries of Nigeria. Macmillian Publising Company, Ibadan, Nigeria. Adewumi, A.A., V.F. Olaleye and E.A. Adesulu. 2005. Egg and sperm quality of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) broodstock fed differently heated soybean based diets. Research Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 1:17-22. Ashamu , E.A., E.O. Salawu , O.O. Oyewo, A.W. Alhassan, O.A. Alamu and A.A. Adegoke. 2010. Efficacy of vitamin C and ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum in promoting fertility in male Wistar rats. Journal of Human Reproductive Science 3:11-14. Dada, A.A. and F.D. Ogunduyile. 2011. Effects of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) on sperm quality of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) broodstock. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 6:655-661. Dada, A.A. 2012. Effect of Garcinia kola seed meal on egg quality of the North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) broodstock. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12:6447-6459. Ofusori, D.A., O.P. Oluwayinka, A.E. Adelakun, S.T. Keji, K.A. Oluyemi, O.A. Adesanya, K.O. Ajeigbe and A.O. Ayoka. 2007. Evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extracts of Croton zambesicus on the testis of Swiss albino mice. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 2434-2438. Oluyemi, K.A., Jimoh, O.R., Josiah, S.J. Olamide A.A. Omotuyi I.O. and T.O. Oyesola. 2007. Effects of crude ethanolic extracts of Garcinia cambogia on the reproductive system of male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). African Journal of Biotechnology 6(10): 1236-1238. TABLE 2. Weight and milt quality parameters of African catfish fed diets with different concentrations of dietary sesame for eight weeks. DIETARY SESAME (mg/kg feed) PARAMETER 0 50 100 150 200 Final mean weight (g) 656 ± 2a 673 ±10b 709 ±12c 727 ±2c 699 ±5bc Weight of testes (g) 3.5 ± 0.1a 2.6 ±1.1a 2.9 ±1.4a 3.1 ±0.0a 2.7 ±0.2a Fertilization (%) 97.4 ± 0.3b 87.0 ± 0.8a 96.8 ± 2.1b 98.9 ± 0.6b 97.9 ± 0.4b Egg survival (%) 57.4 ± 2.5a 61.6 ± 3.2ab 78.4 ± 8.1b 89.6 ± 0.9b 93.2 ±0 .6cb Hatchability (%) 57.4 ± 2.5a 69.7 ± 9.8ab 81.0 ± 0.9b 93.7 ± 1.1cd 96.3 ± 0.9d Motility duration (sec) 18.7 ± 1.4a 24.8 ± 5.8ab 28.5 ± 3.6b 32.2 ± 3.5b 31.0 ± 2.1b Sperm density (spz/mL) 1.48 x 109 1.67 x 109 1.77 x 109 1.69 x 109 1.64 x 109 ±0.1 x 09a ±0.06 x 109a ±0.01 x 109a ±0.01 x 109a ±0.12 x 109b Milt volume (mL) 1.10 ± 0.10a 1.03 ± 0.37a 0.70 ± 0.45a 0.90 ± 0.0a 1.55 ± 0.50a Motility (%) 71.5 ± 0.5a 73.5 ± 1.0a 75.8 ± 2.7a 75.5 ± 4.0a 79.5 ± 4.0a All values are means ± SE. Means in a row with the same superscript are not significantly different (one-way ANOVA; P<0.05) by Tukey’s multiple range test.
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