WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 41 treatment for this disease and several antibiotics are also approved for treating columnaris disease. These compounds are expensive and there are concerns about antibiotic resistance. Treatment with antibiotic-medicated feed requires a prescription and will only treat the fish, not the water. Thus, use of copper sulfate can be an effective and economical option. Copper sulfate can reduce the mortality of an ongoing columnaris disease outbreak and can increase the resistance of fish if they are exposed prior to a columnaris disease outbreak. Current research is being directed at novel compounds for the treatment of diseases, such as kaolin and peracetic acid. Some of these compounds affect the ability of bacteria to attach to fish rather than just causing cell death. Research at SNARC has added knowledge to effectively, efficiently and economically address realistic disease issues, leading to updating management practices to reduce risk and severity of disease outbreaks and, ultimately, giving farmers information they need to efficiently produce a healthy product for the American consumer. Future Directions for HKDSNARC Scientists at SNARC will continue to conduct cutting-edge research. The Center will conduct vital research on additional species including catfish, tilapia, shrimp, and possibly a marine fish species in the future, while continuing to focus research on hybrid striped bass. Personnel at SNARC will be responsive to the needs of the aquaculture industry and all interested stakeholders. The HKDSNARC will be: • Devoted to conducting research that benefits stakeholders in the aquaculture industry. — Research on more efficient production methods — Research on evaluating alternative protein sources in diets — Research on disease mitigation strategies and therapeutant use. • Dedicated to quality research that benefits American consumers by ensuring a safe, nutritious seafood. — Research on product quality and safety of cultured fish and crustaceans. • Determined to provide assistance for development and expansion of rural economies. • Diligent in research projects that improves U.S. aquaculture production and keeps it competitive in the global marketplace. Notes Carl D. Webster, Research Leader/Center Director, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, P.O. Box 1050, 2955 Hwy. 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 870-673-4483; carl.webster@ars.usda.gov References Barrows, F.T., T.G. Gaylord, W. Sealey and S.D. Rawles. 2011. Database of nutrient digestibility’s of traditional and novel feed ingredients for trout and hybrid striped bass. www.ars.usda.gov/ Main/docs.htm?docid=219052011 Beck, B.H., S.A. Fuller, E. Peatman, M.E. McEntire, A.M. Darwish, and D.W. Freeman. 2012a. Chronic exogenous kisspeptin administration accelerates gonadal development in basses of the genus Morone. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 162A(3):265-273. Beck, B.H., B.D. Farmer, D.L. Straus, C. Li, and E. Peatman. 2012b. Rhamnose-binding lectins and their ligands: Putative roles in Flavobacterium columnare pathogenesis in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 33:1008-1015. Diana, J.S., H.S. Egna, T. Chopin, M.S. Peterson, L. Cao, R. Pomeroy, M. Verdegem, W.T. Slack, M.G. Bondad-Reantaso, and F. Cabello. 2013. Responsible aquaculture in 2050: Valuing local conditions and human innovations will be key to success. BioScience 63:255-262. Fuller, S.A. and M. McEntire. 2011. Variation in body weight and total length among families of fingerling white bass after communal rearing. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 23:250-255. Fuller, S.A., M. McEntire, and D. Freeman. 2013. Genetic effects and estimates for the heritability of size in fingerling hybrid striped bass reared indoors. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 25:198-205. Li, C., B.H. Beck, B.J. Su, J. Terhune, and E. Peatman. 2013a. Early mucosal responses in blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) skin to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 34:920-928. Li, C., R. Wang, B. Su, Y. Luo, J. Terhune, B.H. Beck, and E. Peatman. 2013b. Evasion of mucosal defenses during Aeromonas hydrophila infection of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 39:447-455. Liu, S., C.E. Rexroad, III, C.R. Couch, J.F. Cordes, K.S. Reece, and C.V. Sullivan. 2012. A microsatellite linkage map of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) reveals conserved synteny with the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Marine Biotechnology 14:237-244. McEntire, M.E., M. Riche, and S.D. Rawles. 2013. Evaluation of larval hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis growth under three different dietary feeding regimes in two recirculating tanks systems: greenwater vs. clear [abstract]. Book of Abstracts Aquaculture America 2013: Strike a Chord for Sustainable Aquaculture, February 21-25, 2013, Nashville, Tennessee. Peatman, E., C. Li, B. Peterson, B. Farmer, D. Straus, and B. Beck. in press. Basal polarization of the mucosal compartment in Flavobacterium columnare sensitive and resistant channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Molecular Immunology 56:317327. Rawles, S.D., B.W. Green, T.G. Gaylord, F.T. Barrows, M.E. McEntire, and D.W. Freeman. 2012. Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) to digestible protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States. Aquaculture 356-357:80-90. Reading, B.J., R.W. Chapman, J.E. Schaff, E.H. Scholl, C.H. Opperman, and C.V. Sullivan. 2012. An ovary transcriptome for all maturational stages of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a highly advanced perciform fish. BMC Research Notes 5:111.
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