WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2014 51 quality larvae. Inasmuch as most hatcheries in China use farmed broodstock directly sourced from commercial grow-out ponds, selection standards should be taken into account for achieving healthy condition and body size of male or female brooders for overwintering indoors. Broodstock prawns should be selected to be guaranteed virus free. More hatchery technologies should be innovated to improve water quality and increase survival to metamorphosis. Above all, health management depends upon ecological technologies to produce quality seeds. The antibiotics used in hatchery production to control pathogens should be prohibited strictly to avoid drug residues and developing antibioticresistant pathogens. Development of new disease prevention systems. It is important to improve the disease diagnosis technology of M. rosenbergii and perfect prevention and treatment systems, especially for viral diseases. At present, diagnostic techniques for WTD, using reverse transcriptase-PCR and TAS-ELISA methods have been developed. The development of SPF seed production technologies has been effective in preventing whitish muscle epidemics. The scientific research concerned with disease detection during seed production and grow-out farming of M. rosenbergii should be strengthened and the detection technology of new pathogens needs to be improved, thus providing scientific guidance for disease control. Future Prospects It is certain that the giant freshwater prawn industry still has bright prospects for expansion in China. Continued growth of commercial aquaculture of giant freshwater prawn will depend on joint efforts of the government, scientific researchers and farmers; the development of SPF prawn production systems; and stable hatchery output of quality prawn seed. Commercial prawn aquaculture has great growth potential, particularly where farmers cultivating L. vannamei suffered setbacks from early mortality syndrome (EMS). More attention must be directed to manage new virus outbreaks in the giant freshwater prawn to avoid a sharp decline in production, similar to the collapse of marine shrimp aquaculture in 1993 caused by WSSV. Notes Yang Ming, Shanghai Shencao Special Fisheries Development Company, Shanghai, 201516, China Acknowledgments This work was supported by Shanghai Agriculture Science Technology Achievement Transformation Fund (Project No. 123919N1500). References Cai, Y.X. and S.Z. Chen. 1995. The prawns and crayfishes introduced to China. Sinozoologia 12:170-179 (in Chinese with English abstract). Chen, G.X. 1981. Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879). Chinese Journal of Zoology 3:35-37 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li, X.Z., R.Y. Liu, J.Y. Liu, X.Q. Liang, and G.X. Chen. 2007. Fauna Sinica. Invertebrata. Vol. 44. 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