WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2015 37 FIGURE 6. Qualitative data on growth of local isolates of microalgae compared to T. lutea, T. weissflogii and C. neogracile at different salinities. Statistical tests (ANOVA) indicated that age of culture affected growth of all strains of microalgae at each salinity tested in this experiment. Growth during log phase of all microalgae strains was independent of salinity across the range tested. Thus, the Indonesian strains have similar salinity tolerances and growth rates to those of T. lutea, C. neogracile and T. weissflogii, which are commonly used as live foods. This result is promising for mass production of local strains from South East Sulawesi in shrimp hatcheries. Additionally, in a preliminary study, a batch culture of Kb1-3 resulted in a lipid content of 22.5 percent per gram dry weight at 35 psu. This lipid content is in the range that is required for a good food for shrimp larvae (Nuñez et al. 2002). In prolonged culture conditions, all strains (except for T. lutea) changed color from brown to orange, indicating a high β-carotene content in those strains (Aremu et al. 2014). Despite these promising initial results, more experiments are needed to determine specific nutritional values and consistent biomass production of those strains in different-volume culture vessels to draw a definitive conclusion about their quality as hatchery food. Notes Wa Iba and Michael A. Rice, Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. Email: wa_iba@my.uri.edu Acknowledgments This article is part of research made possible by a Fulbright Scholarship through the initiative of the Indonesian Government under Fulbright-DIKTI Scholarship awarded to the first author for Ph.D. dissertation research at the University of Rhode Island. References Aremu, A.E., N.E. Masondo, W.A. Stirk, V. Ordog and J. Van Staden. 2014. Influence of culture age on the phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of five Scenedesmus strains. Journal of Applied Phycology 26:407-415 Gu, N., Q. Lin and G. Li. 2012. Effect of salinity change on biomass and biochemical composition of Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 43:97-106. Kent, M., C.L. Browdy and J.W. Leffler. 2011. Consumption and digestion of suspended microbes by juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 319:363-368. Nuñez, M., C. Lodeiros, M. de Donato and C. Graziani. 2002. Evaluation of microalgae diets for Litopenaeus vannamei larvae using a simple protocol. Aquaculture International 10:177-187. Ferreira, P.P., A. C. Mendes, S. Castanho and E. Cunha. 2012. Live feed for larval fish, shrimp production, enrichment, feeding strategies. Global Aquaculture Advocate Magazine. May-June 2012:25-26
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