64 DECEMBER 2015 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG enterprises in Russia at 10 percent of the total. The average annual employment in the Russian fishery sector is 9,159 people, with 4,158 people (45.3 percent) in southern Russia. The main components of the fishing industry are commercial fish farming, fisheries and fish processing. In 2013, there were 901 fish enterprises in the SFD (Fig. 1, RFSSS 2013). At present, overall fisheries production meets less than half the needs of the population. The annual consumption of fish products is 22-24 kg/ capita. The SFD is composed of six subjects (oblasts) of the Russian Federation: Republic of Adygeya, Republic of Kalmykia, Krasnodar Krai, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions. The SFD is third in population, with nearly 14 million people, after The potential of the Russian fishery is about 40 million t but annual catches in recent years have been limited to 4.0-4.3 million t. In the Volga-Caspian basin, the total fisheries catch in 2014 was 36.6 thousand t. In the Azov-Black sea basin, the catch of all aquatic bioresources in 2014 was 51 thousand t. These basins provide 0.7-0.8 percent of the total catch in Russia. Given the current situation with aquatic biological resources in southern Russia, aquaculture is the only reasonable way to develop the fish supply. The share of Russia in world aquaculture production is currently only 0.25 percent because, to date, development of this sector of the economy was aimed at increasing the volume of capture fisheries. Aquaculture production in Russia is only about 3 percent of the total catch. In 2014, aquaculture production in the Russian Federation increased to 160 thousand t, representing 3.6 percent of the total catch of aquatic bioresources (Matishov et al. 2012a). One of the leaders of production is the Southern Federal District (SFD), which produced 54.5 thousand t, or 34 percent of total production. In the last two years, aquaculture production there increased by 10 percent (Matishov et al. 2012b, Balykin and Ponomareva 2014, Statistics and Analytics 2015). In accordance with the Food Safety Doctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by Presidential Decree No. 120 in 2010, the strategic goal of food security ensures that people have access to safe agricultural products, fish, other products from aquatic biological resources and other foods. The guarantee provided by this resolution is the stability of domestic production and the availability of necessary reserves and inventories. Southern Russia is second in the number of fish-breeding Prospects for Biotechnology Development of Aquaculture in Southern Russia G.G. Matishov and E.N. Ponomareva FIGURE 1. The percentage of fishery enterprises in regions of the Russian Federation in 2013. FIGURE 2. Aquaculture production in the southern regions of the Russian Federation. FIGURE 3. The percentage of fish species in aquaculture in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.
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