58 MARCH 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG The name pisang means banana because the color of these shrimp during growout in ponds are similar to banana leaves, although wild broodstock are reddish (Fig. 1). In ponds, pisang shrimp grow well from low salinity up to 20 ppt and respond well to various feeds. In ponds, the shrimp inhabit the bottom or actively swim into the water column. Market size, price and taste are comparable to black tiger shrimp. The farm-gate price is around US$ 4.50–10.50/kg, depending on shrimp size. Shrimp seed is seasonally abundant and therefore farming depends on wild seed availability. Grow-out mainly uses a traditional system where seed enters ponds with the incoming tide. In the wild, pisang shrimp broodstock are available from August until March. Gravid females are normally found during this period. Currently, there is no data available about the presence of the species during other times of the year. Seed Production Hatchery seed production was conducted before the devastating tsunami of 2004, but more research and development has been done since 2014 at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Centre (BADC) in Ujung Batee, Aceh. Seed production protocols were adapted from those for black tiger shrimp (FAO 2007), with slight improvement based on the behavior of pisang shrimp. Post-larvae produced were used mainly for grow-out trials and some were distributed to traditional farmers. Shrimp nauplii production is derived from capture of gravid females or through eyestalk ablation to induce spawning. Wild brooders were selected based on physical appearance and PCR tested for virus detection, primarily WSSV. Female brood shrimp were > 70 g and males were > 40 g. Brooders were collected approximately 3 km from shore and close to an estuary. Brood shrimp were transported to BADC for acclimation prior to ablation. Broodstock can be maintained in captivity for up to four months after ablation to produce nauplii. Consequently, brood shrimp can be used efficiently. Circular cement tanks 4 m in diameter, supplied by a continuous flow of filtered seawater, were used for acclimation and maturation. Water depth was maintained around 40 cm. Feed was applied three Shrimp has been selected as a priority species for aquaculture in Indonesia for income generation, either for domestic consumption or export. Pond area for shrimp production is available and distributed throughout the country from Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, Bali and Sulawesi islands. On one hand, aquaculture technology has advanced, but on the other hand, infectious diseases can hinder production. In Aceh, shrimp farming has been done for many years and black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has been the main culture species. The success of shrimp farming in Aceh is related to the availability of seed from the wild or, since 1979, from hatcheries and from the huge area of shrimp ponds. Furthermore, Aceh was famous in Indonesia as a source of quality shrimp broodstock. Sugama et al. (2002) conducted research from 1995-1999 regarding genetic variation and population structure of black tiger shrimp at seven locations in Indonesia. The Aceh population had no reduction in genetic variation and was more diverse than other populations sampled. Because disease outbreaks were caused mainly by white spot syndrome virus, now shrimp aquaculture is conducted on extensive or traditional systems. Some farmers who practiced polyculture with Nile tilapia depend on suitable salinity on specific location. Introduction of a new species like Pacific white shrimp Letopenaeus vannamei has attractive production potential and favorable prices but requires high capital investment and operational cost. This condition hinders the majority of traditional farmers in Aceh. Therefore, there is a need to find species that are locally available and with market and aquaculture potential as alternatives to black tiger shrimp and Pacific white shrimp. Pisang Shrimp Pisang shrimp is a species with great potential for aquaculture. It is only found in Aceh waters, mainly along the west coast of Aceh and Simeuleu Island. The species has not yet been assigned a scientific name but it is clearly different from black tiger shrimp based on DNA fingerprinting with primers 2AAM2 and AS-15, and DNA sequencing test with primers HCO2198 and LCO14901. Opportunities for Pisang Shrimp as an Alternative Aquaculture Species in Indonesia Abidin Nur, T. Ridwan and K. Sugama FIGURE 1. Udang Pisang (Penaeus spp) In Aceh, shrimp farming has been done for many years and black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has been the main culture species. The success of shrimp farming in Aceh is related to the availability of seed from the wild or, since 1979, from hatcheries and from the huge area of shrimp ponds. Furthermore, Aceh was famous in Indonesia as a source of quality shrimp broodstock.
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