60 MARCH 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG 0.68. Seawater salinity during the trial ranged from 5-25 ppt and the trial lasted for 88 days. An intensive culture trial was conducted in a 3000-m2 earthen pond (Saripuddin et al. 2015). Pond dikes were constructed of concrete and a water depth of 1.5 m was maintained. Stocking density was 40 pcs/m2 and cultured for 120 days. Water quality was managed using a reservoir that contained the green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. The growth rate reached 0.28 g/d and increased after 80 days (Fig. 3). The growth rate of pisang shrimp was less than that of black tiger shrimp because salinity was high (up to 35 ppt) during the trial. Shrimp harvested was 1560 kg (or 5200 kg/ha) and average individual weight was 20 g. Feeding behavior was observed. Pisang shrimp prefer to stay on the pond bottom for the first 30 days. Then, the shrimp actively feeds in the water column or on the surface by eating aggregates. The shrimp are very active and sometime eat while upside down. In the evening, shrimp respond well to sudden light, jumping fast. Salinity is the most important water quality parameter to support growth and survival of pisang shrimp. A trial was conducted where fresh water could be found easily, at Lamno village, Aceh Jaya. A 7000-m2 pond was stocked with 20,000 shrimp juveniles at an initial weight of 5.6 g. Salinity was 10-15 ppt and the production period lasted 90 days. At the end of the trial, 497 kg (710 kg/ha) were harvested and average individual weight was 32 g. Another factor observed was the disease status of the shrimp. Based on their experience, farmers argue that pisang shrimp are more resistant to disease than black tiger shrimp. Trials at a laboratory scale have been done to determine the resistance of these species to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Results indicated that pisang shrimp can be infected by WSSV but resistance to WSSV depends on the origin of the isolate (Nurbariah et al. 2016). Need for Genetic Improvement An effort to produce year-round broodstock through domestication is urgently needed. This activity is expected to produce high-quality and productive brooders. Domestication and selective breeding of Pacific white shrimp has had a significant beneficial impact on global production of farmed shrimp (Preston et al. 2009). Domestication of pisang shrimp is currently being conducted at BADC Ujung Batee facilities. Wild brood shrimp were selected after testing negative for specific viruses and then used for post-larvae production. Further, shrimp fry were stocked in ponds, reared and then selected based on higher growth rates. Notes Abidin Nur*, T. Ridwan and K. Sugama Main Centre for Brackishwater Aquaculture Development (MCBAD) Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia * abidinnoer2@gmail.com 1 Sugama 2014 and 2015, unpublished. References Avnimelech, Y. 1999. Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 176:227-235. FAO (Food and Agriculture of the United Nations). 2007. Improving Penaeus monodon Hatchery Practices. Manual based on experience in India. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 446. Rome. Nurbariyah, Z. Zurrah, D. Royani and I. Sahidhir. 2016. Sumber isolat WSSV menentukan tingkat virulensi udang pisang (Penaeus sp.) dan udang windu (Penaeus monodon). Makalah dipresentasikan pada pertemuan Asian-Pasific AquacultureIndonesian Aquaculture. 26-29 April, Surabaya. Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujung Batee. Preston, N.P., G.J. Coman, M.J. Sellars, J.A. Cowley, T.J. Dixon, Y. Li and B.S. Murphy. 2009. Advances in Penaeus monodon Breeding and Genetics. Pages 1-11 In Browdy, C.L and D.E. Jory, editors. The Rising Tide, Proceeding of the Special Session on Sustainable Shrimp Farming. World Aquaculture. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge Louisiana USA. Phulia, V., B. Mandal, A. Bera, S.K. Singh, R. Das and A. Jamwal. 2012. Factors controlling biofloc characteristics. World Aquaculture 43(4):59-61. Rohani-Ghadikolaei, K., E. Abdolalian, F. Hojatollah, G. Masoud and W.K. Ng. 2013. The nutritional effect of Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri cultured with different seaweed extracts on the larval development, growth and survival of the marine shrimp, Penaeus indicus. Aquaculture Research 46:1444-1454. Sahidhir, I and A. Nur. 2016. Udang Pisang, indigenous species dari Aceh, dari hatchery hingga pembesaran polikultur. Makalah dipresentasikan pada pertemuan Asian-Pasific Aquaculture-Indonesian Aquaculture. 26-29 April, Surabaya. Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujung Batee. Sahidhir, I., S. Fatimah and A. Nur. 2015. Kelangsungan hidup post larva udang pisang meningkat stabil mengikuti naiknya dosis vitamin C level rendah. Makalah disampaikan pada pertemuan Indonesian Aquaculture,26-29 Agustus. Jakarta. Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujung Batee. Syafrizal, W. Puspitasari and A. Nur. 2015. Kelangsungan hidup larva udang pisang yang diberi pakan alami berbeda. Makalah disampaikan pada pertemuan Indonesian Aquaculture,26-29 Agustus. Jakarta. Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujung Batee. Saripuddin, J. Purwantyo and A. Nur. 2015. Kajian Awal Produksi Budidaya Udang Pisang Sistem Intensif. Makalah disampaikan pada pertemuan Indonesian Aquaculture, 26-29 Agustus. Jakarta. Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujung Batee. Sugama, K., M. S. Haryanti, J.A.H. Benzie and E. Ballment. 2002. Genetic variation and population structure of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, in Indonesia. Aquaculture 205:37-48. The name pisang means banana because the color of these shrimp during grow-out in ponds are similar to banana leaves, although wild broodstock are reddish. In ponds, pisang shrimp grow well from low salinity up to 20 ppt and respond well to various feeds. In ponds, the shrimp inhabit the bottom or actively swim into the water column.
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