VOLUME 49, NUMBER 1 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY MARCH 2018 Aquaculture in Occitanie, France W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2018 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. P: +1-225-578-3137; F: +1-225-578-3493; Email: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2017-2018 William Daniels, President Juan Pablo Lazo, Immediate Past President Maria Celia Portella, President-Elect Wendy Sealey, Treasurer Jennifer Cobcroft, Secretary DIRECTORS Kathleen Hartman Patricia Moraes-Valenti Darryl E. Jory Antonio Garza de Yta Humberto Villarreal Colmenares Michael Denson CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Guillaume Drillet, Asian Pacific David Straus, USAS Luís André Sampaio, Latin America and Caribbean Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Executive Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2018, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 49 NO. 1 MARCH 2018 COVER: Mussel nets in Etang de Thau, France. Photo: Olivier Dugornay, Ifremer. See story on page 12. 7 Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 8 Student Awards at Aquaculture America 9 Professional Achievement Awards at Aquaculture America 10 A Conversation with Marc Verdegem Rodrigue Yossa 12 Aquaculture in Occitanie, France Alistair Lane, Béatrice Chatain and Emmanuelle Roque d’Orbcastel 19 Montpellier and the Le Corum International Congress Center 20 Promoting Transatlantic Aquaculture Research Cooperation Karolina Reducha, Margaret Rae, Paola Reale, Michael Rust, Jay Parsons and Wojciech Wawrzynski 23 Sustainable Aquaculture: A Review of Existing Certification Programs Paolo Bray 28 Land Use in Shrimp Aquaculture Claude E. Boyd and Aaron A. McNevin 36 A Simple Recirculating Aquaculture System for Marine Fish Growout in the Bohai Bay Area of China Naihong Xin, Shusen Zhang, Yonghai Yang, Liying Sui, Kezhi Xing and Patrick Sorgeloos 41 Induced Breeding and Seed Production of Pabda: A Species with Potential for Aquaculture Diversification in Northeast India Pradyut Biswas, Alok Kumar Jena, Himadri Saha and Tanmoy Gan Chowdhury 46 Farming for the Future: Exploring the Potential of Aquaculture as Wildlife Farming Ronald Allan L. Cruz, Vikas Kumar and Janice A. Ragaza 55 Partial Substitution of Fishmeal with a Mix of Animal and Vegetable Feedstuffs for Rainbow Trout in Argentina Gustavo Wicki, Oscar Galli Merino, Facundo Sal, Pablo Candarle, Luis Romano and Rolando Hernandez 59 A Review of Algal Toxin Effects on Freshwater and Marine Aquaculture Systems Paul V. Zimba and I-Shuo Huang 63 Cryopreservation of Fish Reproductive Cells: Development of Research in Southern Russia Aleksandra A. Krasilnikova, Elena N. Ponomareva and Andrey M. Tikhomirov 66 Mass Mortalities in Lake Qarun, Egypt Associated with an Isopod Infestation Nevien Abdelkhalek, Mohamed El-Adl, Mohamed Salama, Moustafa Al-Araby and Ahmed Hafez 68 Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A community-based scientific response Thierry Backeljau (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 MARCH 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column By the time you read this, we will have held Aquaculture America 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada, along with our partners — the US Aquaculture Society, a chapter of the World Aquaculture Society; the National Aquaculture Association; and the Aquaculture Suppliers Association. This year’s AA18 was hosted by the California Aquaculture Association. I’d like to thank all our sponsors and tradeshow participants but particularly our premier sponsors — Tyson Foods, Inc., Animal Nutrition Group; Zeigler; Blue Aqua®; and Darling Ingredients. Our conferences are truly a group effort with a diversity of contributors. Let’s not forget what makes our conferences great and that is our participants. Thank you for our conferences being a very productive place to learn, make new connections and re-engage with the old connections and friends. I look forward to seeing you at our upcoming conferences: APA18 Taipei, Taiwan (April 23-26) and AQUA 2018 Montpellier, France, August 25-29. AQUA 2018 will be our joint meeting with the European Aquaculture Society (EAS). Yesterday, I participated in a day-long leadership training using the Emergenetics® profile. First, I am not promoting this particular company but rather to point out that, through this training and selfawareness, I realize that we are all different with our strengths and preferences. Each of us is important and can contribute to the greater whole, especially when we recognize our differences, build upon these strengths and turn our non-preferences into skills. Our conferences, committees, and boards depend on the contributions of our membership. Each of you has a role to play and can contribute to the success of our society, research, outreach and industries. WAS needs your input! Please find a way to contribute to your chapter, conferences, committees and boards. If you are not happy with the services provided or have a big idea, please do not go unheard. We, WAS, and I need to hear your thoughts and get you involved. Speaking of WAS services, we are constantly working to improve World Aquaculture magazine and the Journal of World Aquaculture, which is still in its ‘reinvigorating’ process. I greatly appreciate the dedicated work of Dr. Carole Engle, the JWAS editorial board and our reviewers in this process. We continue to encourage scientists and students to choose JWAS for publication of their best quality research work. Be on the lookout for Special Virtual Issues of JWAS that make collections of papers published in JWAS available as open access (free) for one month following the Plenary of each WAS chapter conference. A recent Special Virtual Issue was a “Focus on Aquaculture Research in Latin America” that celebrated the opening of the Latin American and Caribbean Aquaculture 2017 conference in Mazatlan, Mexico. The next one was posted on the JWAS website to coincide with Aquaculture America 2018 and will include recent papers published by U.S. authors. A significant benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society is free access to all papers published in JWAS, including all back issues. Members can access JWAS by first logging in to the WAS website and then selecting “View Articles” under the “Journal of WAS” heading on the Publications tab. The latest Editor’s Choice papers for each issue and Special Virtual Issues, available as open access, can be found at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1749-7345. JWAS news is also available on Facebook (www.facebook.com/JWrldAquaSoc/) and Twitter (twitter.com/JWrldAquaSoc). So, please take advantage of these opportunities to access high quality research. In addition to our conferences, WAS seeks to engage with global organizations and national aquaculture associations and related groups. WAS is currently exploring opportunities to enhance efforts in Africa as our chapters engage nationally or regionally. We continue to encourage the development of an African chapter and hope to see this come to fruition in the near future. Our colleagues in Africa are excited about this opportunity and it is a great chance for WAS to become even more international in its membership and conferences. Let’s keep the momentum going! Finally, our 50th anniversary is around the corner in 2019 where we celebrate our vibrant past and bright future. If you have ideas or want to contribute, please contact Dr. Craig Browdy or me. We hope to have more details about these events soon. We will kick things off at AQUACULTURE 2019 (March 6-10) in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, where the first official conference was held, and keep the celebration going around the globe at our chapter conferences. These are currently scheduled for Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2019 in Chennai, India, June 19-22, and LACQUA 2019 in San Jose, Costa Rica, November 19-22. Mark your calendars and plan to be engaged in its planning and participation. I hope to see you at one of our conference in the very near future. — Bill Daniels, President Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 5 USAS Chapter Report 5 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 6 Korean Chapter Report 7 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Advertiser’s Index 72 Membership Application
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2018 3 Editor’s Note The concept of a tipping point or turning point was first used by social scientists in the 1950s but gained currency with the publication of a popular book on the subject by Malcolm Gladwell in 2000. The Merriam-Webster definition is “the critical point in a situation, process, or system beyond which a significant and often unstoppable effect or change takes place.” The basic idea is that a transition to a state of disequilibrium, sometimes called a “non-linear regime shift,” occurs after a threshold of conditions is passed. The subtitle to Gladwell’s book is “how little things make a big difference.” Metaphorically a tipping point can be considered the straw that breaks the camel’s back, the point of no return. There may be some value in considering the various ways tipping points apply to aquaculture at various scales. At the level of individual production units — ponds, cages, tanks — the tipping point can be loosely related to carrying capacity, with safe and high risk zones of operation. The concept is probably better applied to aquaculture in terms of their supporting ecosystems. There are numerous examples of boom-and-bust cycles in aquaculture where too many farms are placed in an area and the capacity of the ecosystem to provide supporting services is exceeded. Examples of excessive development of cages in lakes and coastal shrimp farms come to mind. Managing aquaculture development in a way that does not lead to deleterious ecosystem change — often associated with eutrophication — is a serious governance challenge, especially because the causes of change most often cannot be attributed solely to aquaculture development. The Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture, developed and promoted by the FAO and the World Bank, can provide meaningful guidance on aquaculture development in a way to avoid ecological tipping points through prudent application of the precautionary principle. There is fascinating research underway to understand ecological tipping points. Ecosystems approaching tipping points become unstable and more variable, especially if they lack resilience capacity. When the tipping point occurs, the system shifts from one stable state to another, such as would occur in a shallow lake that would shift from dominance by phytoplankton to dominance by aquatic macrophytes. At the biosphere level, the concept of tipping points has also been applied to climate change. Previously in this column (March 2016), I discussed planetary boundaries and the idea of a “safe operating space for humanity.” For various anthropogenic drivers, we have begun to push up against regional boundaries of this safe space. The concern is related to undesirable and unpredictable change past a certain point. Despite attempts to limit CO2 accumulation to 350 ppm, it appears that we are destined to live in an environment with at least 450 ppm, resulting in an average temperature increase of 2 C. The consequences of such a change to every facet of life will be difficult for most and dire for many. Potential climate change tipping points include melting of the ice in the Arctic Sea and Greenland, break-up of the West Antarctic ice sheet, a permanent El Niño, and loss of forests in the Amazon and high-latitude northern areas, and changes to ocean circulation patterns. At the level of sector development, a tipping point can be reached when there is a critical mass of producers — the magic number seems to be around 150 — in an area. In places with successful aquaculture “industries,” there is a cluster of producers, along with other critical parts of the value chain — hatcheries, feed mills and processing plants. Individual aquaculture farms that are dispersed and few do not allow the positive feedback that creates conditions favorable for development of a true sector. One negative example of a tipping point may have occurred recently with the legislature of the State of Washington (US) voted to ban salmon aquaculture in response to an incident involving escaped salmon from net pens belonging to Cooke Aquaculture. In Washington, salmon farming has been hanging by a thread for at least a couple of decades now, with barely any expansion and only a few operations. When Cooke was called to account, and the response was considered inadequate, it seemed an easy matter politically to remove the nuisance by imposing the ban. It’s possible that making such a policy decision would have been more difficult with a greater number of producers. In Gladwell’s book, tipping points refer to how ideas succeed in spreading and how positive feedback loops can be used to foster change. Gladwell proposed three factors that affect the probability of an idea’s success. First is the “Law of the Few,” where a few key categories of people must act as proponents of an idea. Next is what he calls the “stickiness” of an idea in the brain. Finally, the “Power of Context” is the social environment and historical and cultural context that provides fertile ground for an idea to take hold. In “telling our story,” the theme of the recently concluded Aquaculture America, we have an idea that is potentially sticky, based on the nutritional benefits of seafood consumption and the comparative resource efficiency of aquaculture compared to other forms of animal protein production. There are also the categories of people in aquaculture who can spread the word and make connections. The Power of Context seems to be key. In places like the US, the socio-cultural environment for aquaculture as an economic activity is not as welcoming as in countries in Asia with well-developed aquaculture sectors. At every level discussed here, being able to forecast changes before they occur and understanding thresholds of change can inform actions that prevent crop loss, avoid degradation of the ecosystems that support aquaculture, and allow us to operate within the safe zone of planetary boundaries. We need good indicators to be able to anticipate critical transitions and respond with conviction to early warning signals of undesirable change. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Tipping Points and Aquaculture
4 MARCH 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Organized by: World Aquaculture Society - Asian Pacific Chapter ASIAN-PACIFIC AQUACULTURE 2018 Innovation For Aquaculture Sustainability and Food Safety Taipei International Convention Center April 23-26, 2018 • Taipei, Taiwan Hosted by: National Taiwan Ocean University Conference Sponsors For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org | www.was.org APA18 was ad CMYK.indd 1 6/14/17 3:05 PM
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2018 5 U.S. Aquaculture Society As this will be my last column as President of the United States Aquaculture Society, I wanted to say thank you for the opportunity to serve the chapter. It has been a pleasure and quite a learning experience. I want to give special thanks to the executive board, who helped keep things on track, and to John Cooksey and his team for their tremendous efforts in planning and organizing our meetings. I hope that all who attended the Aquaculture America meeting in Las Vegas learned something new, made some new friends and had some fun along the way. The theme of the meeting this year was “Shaping the Future — Telling our Story”. Future growth of aquaculture in the U.S. (and around the world for that matter) depends on a supportive environment from the government and the public. Aquaculture critics and special interest groups have been very vocal and active in Washington, D.C. and have helped create an environment of misinformation and disinformation that has impeded aquaculture expansion. The USAS Board recognizes the need to engage in a public education initiative, starting with our lawmakers and those who enforce policy. As a validation of part of its mission, USAS plans to collaborate with the National Aquaculture Association (NAA), and possibly other organizations, to take our message to Washington, D.C. Another way to tell our story and to build a more aquaculture literate society is to start with our young people. USAS has formed an ad hoc committee to explore ways we can help schoolteachers use aquaculture as a teaching platform. The group’s current focus is to identify and catalog educational resources that are already in place to provide immediate benefit to students. If you know of resources that would be beneficial in this effort, please let me know so that we can add them to our list. The next step will be to identify any knowledge gaps and look for ways to bridge them. Rest assured that the chapter is in good hands with the incoming leadership. Your new president, David Straus, and other members of the executive committee are already hard at work to make the USAS an even more dynamic and effective organization. However, we must all do our part to support them, bring fresh ideas, participate in meetings and answer the call if asked to serve on a committee. Thank you again for allowing me to be a part of such a great organization. — David Cline, President CHAPTER REPORTS As mentioned in our last column, LACQUA17, our annual Latin American and Caribbean Aquaculture conference that took place in Mazatlán, Mexico last November was a great success. With participants from every corner of the American continent and visitors from Europe and Asia, the scientific world was well represented. Presentations were made that drew attention to the growing diversity of the aquaculture industry in the region. We still need to work hard on developing knowledge and technical information for local species with high social value and commercial potential, but the conference reinforced our position as an important contributor to the production of tilapia, shrimp, trout, freshwater crustaceans and marine fishes. The Steering Committee did an excellent job in complementing the participation of students, researchers and academia in general, with a diverse group of producers coming not only from Mexico, but also from various Central American countries, Colombia and Ecuador. One confirmation of this integration was the organization of a special session by the “Mexican Tilapia Network.” This international network allows for representatives of the Government, Academia and Private Sector to work together to help improve the operations of small- and medium-scale producers of tilapia. Another highlight of the conference was the awards ceremony. Each year, the Chapter recognizes key people who have made notable contributions to the development of aquaculture in the region. LACQUA17 presented this award to Dr. Alejandro Flores Nava and Dr. Carlos Martínez Palacios. Dr. Flores is originally from Veracruz, Mexico, with a formal training in aquaculture from the Technological Institute of the Sea of Veracruz and postgraduate studies at the University of Stirling, Scotland, specializing in limnological characterization of epicontinental water bodies for the development and planning of aquaculture projects. Upon his return in Mexico, Dr. Flores was active in promoting the culture of native cichlids, establishing the first commercial shrimp farm in the Yucatan peninsula and creating applied research programs in various academic institutions. In 2009, Dr. Flores joined the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), where he has been coordinator of the multidisciplinary team for South America, as well as a FAO Representative in Argentina and Chile. He currently serves as Senior Officer for Fisheries and Aquaculture for Latin America and the Caribbean, where he continues to help with the development of national plans and policies for the sustainable development of aquaculture and fisheries in the region and strengthen the capacities of producers through the promotion of training programs and access to markets outside their local communities. Dr. Martinez is a well-known aquaculture nutritionist with strong academic roots in Mexico. After graduating from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) with a B.Sc. in Biology and M.Sc. in Oceanography, Dr. Martínez obtained his Doctorate degree from the University of Stirling, Scotland. In 1999, he joined the University of Michoacana, where he spearheaded the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Nutrition for nearly 20 years. His Latin American and Caribbean Chapter (CONTINUED ON PAGE 72)
6 MARCH 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Major Business Plan of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries for 2018 The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) introduced their Principal Business Plan for 2018. There are three major key goals: 1) keep the environment of the fishing grounds clean, 2) pursue innovative industrialization of the traditional marine fisheries industry with preventative, eco-friendly, smart, and high value-added aquaculture systems, and 3) build a reliable distribution network for marine fisheries products. Five action plans will be implemented: 1) a paradigm shift to eco-friendly aquaculture, 2) smartening and upgrading of the aquaculture industry, 3) fostering new industries using marine science and technology, 4) establishing marine fisheries businesses and supporting start-up companies with venture capital, and 5) ensuring the safety and reliability of aquatic products. Seafood Promotion at the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games To promote excellence in Korean seafood, a Fisheries Food Promotion Hall opened at the K-Food Plaza in the Olympic Festival Park during the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. Starting from the introduction of Korean Seas (East, West and South), four themes were presented: 1) the Clean Sea Story, 2) safe and fresh K-fish, 3) healthy and delicious K-fish, and 4) K-fish that the world enjoys. For this event, 40 fisheries-related companies and organizations participated. The cooking studio, located on the side of the public information hall, hosted an instant cooking event with visitors and cooks every week (twice a week) during the exhibition period. Famous chefs prepared dishes using K-Fish seafood on the spot and treated visitors to samples to enjoy the pleasure of eye and mouth. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Fisheries made an effort to raise interest in Korean seafood during the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games by providing opportunities for foreign journalists to visit nearby fisheries research centers and the Jumunjin Fish Market. Smart Aquaculture Investment and Innovation Forum To secure a sustainable supply of seafood, the Ministry of Fisheries has set the aquaculture sector as a priority area for the use of smart technology. To that end, the Smart Aquaculture Investment and Innovation Forum (SAIIF) was initiated in November 2016 with the intention of nurturing a convergence of fishery, IT/ telecommunications and banking sectors. Forum themes include the scaling up and industrialization of Korean aquaculture and most notably the application of advanced technology in coming years across the industry. The Second SAIIF was held under the theme of “Aquaculture, Artificial Intelligence, Aquaculture Software, and Optimization” in December 2017 in Seoul. Mr. Im-kwon Kim, chairperson of the SAIIF, opened the forum by emphasizing the vision of future aquaculture industry development and Mr. Kim Young-choon, Minister of MOF delivered congratulatory remarks. Dr. Chang-ho Yang (President, Korea Maritime Institute, KMI) gave a keynote speech on ‘the Investment value of the future aquaculture industry.’ There were several presentations: ‘Strategy and Roadmap for Future Aquaculture Investment Forum’ (Mr. Ma Chang Mo, Director, KMI); ‘Implementation of Intelligent Smart Farm System’ (Mr. Kyeong-Seok Seo, General Manager, Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion); ‘Investment value of domestic aquaculture industry, commercialization through seed industry’ (Mr. Woo Jae Lee, CEO, BlueGen Korea); ‘Supplying highquality feeds through establishing a joint venture between Korea and Russia’ (Mr. Chang-Soo Lim, President, National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives); ‘The trend of global recirculation filtration culture technology and application of domestic aquaculture industry’ (Prof. Chung-Hwan Park, Pukyong National University); ‘Success stories of Taiwan’s onshore aquaculture system and possibility of growth’ (Prof. Chien-Hsien Kuo, Taiwan Chai University); and ‘Application of high-tech aquaculture industry and technical achievement’ (Mr. David Wright, CEO, PanLogica). The Invasion of Sargassum horneri The floating rockweed Sargassum horneri invaded Korean waters in January after four days of strong winds. About 1,800 t of S. horneri destroyed about 7,000 ha of Porphyra (now Pyropia) farms and damaged the harvest and farm facilities. We speculate that this species may be coming from Zhejiang Province in China. Upcoming Event — The Korean Aquaculture Workshop 2018 The Korean Aquaculture Workshop has been held annually by AquaInfo, the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (KOSFAS) and the Korean Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society as a side-event of KOSFAS Annual Conference and Business Meeting and the International Conference of the Korean Federation of Fisheries Science and Technology Societies (KOFFST). The workshop serves as a major meeting venue for experts, government officials, researchers, students, suppliers and farmers to exchange information. This year’s workshop will be held at BEXCO (Busan, Korea) on October 31. The main theme of this year is ‘Directions on how to set a Korean standard RAS filtration system.’ — Ik Kyo Chung, President Korean Chapter CHAPTER REPORTS New Book in the WAS Online Store Sea Bass and Sea Bream — A Practical Approach to Disease Control and Health Management by Pierpaolo Patarnello and Niccolo Vendramin. The aim of this book is to provide practical advice and awareness of health management and disease control in sea bass and sea bream, the most widely-farmed fish in the Mediterranean region. ISBN: 9781910455791
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2018 7 CHAPTER REPORTS Three months have passed (once again) since my last column and I have exciting news that three new members will be joining the Board of the Asian Pacific Chapter very soon. The President-elect is Rohana P. Subasinghe, who will begin his responsibilities during APA18 in Taiwan, and two new Directors are Jean-Yves Mevel and Agung Sudaryono, who will also come on board at the same time. I would like to congratulate the incoming board members and welcome them to the team, and I look forward to meeting them during our annual board meeting in April. I have great respect for all the candidates, elected or otherwise, who have shown willingness to dedicate their precious time to the chapter. I would also like to extend my appreciation to all our members for taking the time to vote for the candidates preferred to represent them and take action for the APC in the years to come. Preparation for the APA18 conference in Taiwan is on track and the steering committee is working hard to ensure that it will be successful. All booths have sold out and registrations are still being received, although the deadline for submission of abstracts has passed. The conference steering committee met for a third time on 12 February to coordinate final preparations. I am convinced that it will be a fruitful and successful conference in Taiwan this year! In a similar vein, preparation for APA19 (Chennai) and WA2020 (Singapore) are also on track. More updates will be available in the near future. Workshops in India and conferences in India and Indonesia that took place during the end of 2017 were an enormous success and the APC has proudly welcomed new members once more. The APC board is considering future workshops and I encourage our chapter members, readers of World Aquaculture, and officials working in our industry to contact us yet again if there are any training topics considered crucial for the development of sustainable aquaculture in the region. We have been elected to support efforts in this regard and I can assure you that the Board is very receptive and committed to this objective! In May, Offshore Mariculture Asia 2018 will be coming to Asia (Singapore) for the first time ever. In anticipation of the expected growth of offshore mariculture in Asia in the coming years, we are proud to formally support this event. I look forward to announcing a few more of these opportunities via our Facebook and Twitter (@WASAPC) accounts. Also, to encourage ground-breaking developments in our field, we have agreed to be partners in the MATCh - Mekong Agritech Challenge, which is sponsored by the Asian Development Bank and Australian Aid and aims to provide support and mentorship to start-up companies in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam. I am confident that we will receive many applications for this Challenge and nurture the next generation of aquaculture frontrunners with this award. Regarding administrative matters, guidelines for our board members are complete and I trust that these will support their day-today activities. I will speak at the WAS meeting in Las Vegas during the end of February to present an overview of our activities during the last six months. In addition, in the very near future, the APC will launch a member survey to ask for your feedback on our work and we will subsequently present these results during the APA18 member meeting. Before I close my column, I would like to wholeheartedly thank our departing board members for their endless hard work, ensuring the Chapter fulfills its commitments to develop sustainable aquaculture in the region. It has been a pleasure working with all of you. On behalf of the Board, I wish you great success in your work and I hope to bring you more great news three months from now. — Guillaume Drillet, President Asian Pacific Chapter This issue’s selected research publication from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society is “Dissolved Oxygen and Aeration in Ictalurid Catfish Aquaculture,” by Claude E. Boyd, Eugene L. Torrans and Craig S. Tucker. Dissolved oxygen management in pond-based aquaculture is critical to successful commercial production of many species. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the dynamics of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture ponds and hatcheries and the evolution of its management through mechanical aeration over time in ictalurid catfish aquaculture. The paper addresses the factors that affect dissolved oxygen concentration in ponds, the relationship between fish feeds and oxygen budgets in ponds, oxygen as a Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society limiting factor in fish well-being, and factors that affect oxygen uptake by catfish in ponds. The paper traces the history of aeration and aerator design for catfish farming, inter-woven with discussion of relevant principles of mechanical aeration and summaries of aerator performance testing. While this review is based on many years of research in the U.S. catfish industry, the detailed information presented is applicable globally to feed-based pond production of a wide variety of species. This paper can be found in the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 49(1):7-70, available as Open Access at onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ journal/10.1111/jwas.12426, or under Publications at www.was.org. — Carole Engle, Executive Editor, JWAS
8 MARCH 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Tyson Best Abstract Award ($1500): Amit K Yadav, Kentucky State University, for “Responses of Juvenile Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides to Dietary EPA and DHA-rich Oils.” Pentair/USAS Travel Award ($1500): Alexander Sitek, University of New Hampshire, for “Rethinking RAS: Developing Nutrient Balance within Recirculating Aquaponic Systems.” Soy Aquaculture Alliance ($1000): James Schwartz, Kentucky State University, for “Assessing the Nutritional Value of Novel Soybean Products in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon.” USAS Best Presentation – First Place ($1000): Min Ju, Texas A&M University, for “Physiological Responses and Mortality of Hybrid Striped Bass Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis Subjected to Acute Stress after Being Fed Dietary Prebiotic and Probiotic Supplements.” USAS Best Presentation – Second Place ($800): Marina Subramanian for “Differences in Gastrointestinal Glucose Transporters Between Carnivorous Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Omnivorous Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Response to Pulse Crops.” USAS Best Poster – First Place ($1000): Fernando Yamamoto, Texas A&M University, for “β-1,3 Glucan Derived From Euglena gracilis and AlgamuneTM Enhances Innate Immune Responses of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus L.” USAS Best Poster – Second Place ($800): Lyndsay Burnette, State University of New York, for “Hybrid Arctic Char – A New Aquaculture Product?” USAS Student Travel Award – First Place ($1500) and USAS Spotlight Award – Second Place ($200): Jyotsna Shrivastava, University of Antwerp, for “Finding an Ideal Fasting Period Prior to the Live Fish Transportation: Assessment of Ammonia Excretion Dynamics and Aerobic Metabolism Trade-off.” Student Awards at Aquaculture America (CONTINUED ON THE NEXT PAGE) TOP, LEFT TO RIGHT: Amit K. Yadav, James Schwartz and Jyotsna Subramanian. BOTTOM, LEFT TO RIGHT: Elizabeth Groover, John Grayson and Laura Cannellla.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2018 9 Professional Achievement Awards at Aquaculture America Distinguished Early Career Award Aaron Watson, Ph.D. Dr. Aaron Watson received his B.S from the University of North Carolina, Wilmington, his M.S. in Marine Science in 2008 at the University of Texas in Austin working on early juvenile cobia energy budgets, then earned his Ph.D. in 2013 from the University of Maryland, College Park, evaluating the effects of graded levels of taurine in cobia diets. Dr. Watson then began working at the South Carolina Department of Natural Resource’s Marine Resources Research Institute in 2014, where he immediately hit the ground running, starting up a new aquaculture nutrition program in cooperation with a number of other federal and state entities. His research involves the use of cutting edge technology to analyze fish tissues to evaluate and improve diets important to marine fish aquaculture. Dr. Watson has received funding from competitive sources each of the last four years and has 11 publications (eight as first author) with another four currently in review. Dr. Watson is now responsible for all mariculture research at South Carolina DNR, including their extensive stock enhancement program and research at the Waddell Mariculture Center. Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award Thomas R. Zeigler, Ph.D. With a rare vision for the future, an undying passion for good science and innovation and a sound business compass, Dr. Tom Zeigler has been a pioneer and a leader in the development of US commercial aquaculture since the 1960s. After completing a Ph.D. from Cornell University in Animal Nutrition, Biochemistry and Veterinary Pathology, Tom joined the family business, taking over as President of Zeigler Bros. Inc. in 1967. He led the company from being a local manufacturer of farm animal feeds to an internationally recognized producer and distributor of aquaculture feeds and other specialty animal feeds. He created and led the research effort that found, researched, manufactured, marketed and in the end sold the technology and company associated with ascorbyl-2-tripolyphosphate, a novel, patented, and stable form of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). The commercialization of stable vitamin C technology had a highly significant impact on the industry, improving the performance of aquafeeds and improving formulation efficiencies. Dr. Zeigler has been a key player in the development of super-intensive shrimp aquaculture technologies and high-quality finfish feeds for a wide variety of species, further contributing to the development and growth of domestic aquaculture. At the same time, he led marketing efforts that created jobs and grew the company’s export and licensing business for aquaculture products and technologies, eventually resulting in being recognized as small business exporter of the year by the US Department of Commerce. As author or co-author of 19 scientific publications, and over 35 presentations by invitation, he has served as officer/director of eight scientific and/or trade associations, including President of the US Aquaculture Suppliers Association. Dr. Zeigler developed, formulated and marketed numerous unique feeds and supplements for exotic and endangered animals leading efforts to reduce dependence on live or fresh frozen feeds for aquaculture. Tom has been one of the most familiar faces of US aquaculture for many decades. A vast network of current and former employees, collaborators, colleagues, and customers all consider him as a true friend. As a man of great intellect, rare integrity and indominable spirit, his mission for over 50 years has been to build value to life through innovative nutrition. USAS Student Travel Award ($600) and USAS Spotlight Award – First Place ($500): Elizabeth Groover, Florida Keys Community College, for “Greenwater Culture and Larval Development of the Melanurus Wrasse Halichoeres melanurus.” USAS Student Travel Award ($600) and USAS Spotlight Award – Second Place ($200): John Grayson, Ohio State University, for “Partial and Total Replacement of Fish Oil with Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in the Starter Diets of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.” USAS Student Travel Award ($600): Chelsea Walling, Kentucky State University, for “Effects of Varying Levels of Brewer’s Grains and Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance of Juvenile Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.” The RAS “Yellow Book” Award: Laura Cannella, Florida Keys Community College, for “The Spawning and Rearing of the Blue Neon Goby Elacatinus oceanops in a Low-Density System on a Small Budget.” AquaFish/USAS Best Student Abstract Award ($600): Nathan A. Kring, Kentucky State University, for “Polyculture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in indoor biofloc aquaculture systems,” Shamim Naigaga, Auburn University, for “Suitability of basic water quality conditions for aquaculture in Uganda,” and Lay Nguyen, Auburn University, for “Efficacy of reduced protein diets and the effects of IAA supplements for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).” AquaFish Student Abstract Award for International Development ($400): Gifty Anane-Taabeah, Virginia Tech, for “The potential effect of aquaculture on the genetic purity of natural populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Ghana,” Mojibar Rahman Ripon, for “An overview of the status and potential of the mud crab fishery in coastal Bangladesh: prospect, strategies, approaches,” Gertrude Atukunda for “Actor perspectives on aquaculture extension service provision in central and northern Uganda,” Stephanie Ichien, Oregon State University, for “A geospatial analysis of the social and ecological tradeoffs of airbreathing fish aquaculture for decision making in a changing climate,” and Zach Halasi for “Consumer preferences and consumption patterns for fish in Uganda.”
10 MARCH 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG TOWARD THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF AQUACULTURE Marc Verdegem is an associate professor with the Department of Animal Sciences of Wageningen University. He is a specialist in aquaculture production systems, concentrating on water quality management and pollution control. His research focuses on understanding and managing interactions between feed input, animal performance and water quality in rearing systems. Below is the quintessence of our conversation, held on 13 January 2017. Rodrigue Yossa: How would you describe the ideal aquaculture scientist? Marc Verdegem: An aquaculture scientist is not really different from other scientists. In this sense an aquaculture scientist needs to be very critical and also explorative and curious to learn and to look up the frontiers of aquaculture science. A scientist must be ethical regarding the practice of science and the people s/he is interacting with. In addition, as aquaculture is an applied science, knowledge from other fields such as chemistry and physics have to be combined with biology. Moreover, because aquaculture is developing very fast, such a scientist needs to be willing to constantly learn new things and look into other fields, which makes aquaculture science very dynamic. Rodrigue Yossa: How would you describe the ideal aquaculture producer? Marc Verdegem: It is not easy to give a precise description of the ideal aquaculture producer because the types of activities in aquaculture are very diverse and it is difficult to make a living in some aquaculture businesses. However, an aquaculture producer should work to develop an enterprise that is profitable, should have a feeling regarding her/his market, commercial activities and customers’ needs, and should think from production and business perspectives. Hence, the technical, organizational, ethical, environmental and commercial activities of the farm should be well combined and managed to make the aquaculture production financially profitable. Rodrigue Yossa: What do you think are the main challenges of aquaculture in the short, medium and long run? Marc Verdegem: Aquaculture is under a lot of scrutiny from the public and the perception that people have about aquaculture differs very much from one region to another in the world. In the western world (North America and Europe), aquaculture is something new. Our society hardly accepts that there is another type of agricultural activity in the water and does not give aquaculture room to develop to the same level as is the case with terrestrial agriculture. When people grow cows, corn, etc. there is a nutrient loss that is quite well accepted by the public, but when it comes to aquaculture, effluent nutrients are more criticized. It is much more difficult for the public to accept that the nutrient retention efficiency in fish is more or less the same as with terrestrial animals and that there are sustainable ways to deal with effluent nutrients from aquaculture facilities. The public perception regarding aquaculture is a major challenge. We should try to convince the public that, when it comes to criticizing aquaculture, one should use the same criteria that are used with terrestrial agriculture. When you consider Southeast Asia, where aquaculture has a longer history, aquaculture is well accepted as another aspect of agriculture. The challenge here is to implement sustainable practices, allowing production for generations to come. At present, in many cases, insufficient care is taken of the production environment. Aquaculture receives a lot of goodwill because there is a growing debate globally about the “blue revolution,” which is considered as a new frontier for food production. Here the challenge is that we need to venture into this new frontier in a way that we don’t overshoot the capacity of the environment to produce aquatic food for human consumption. If aquaculture continues to develop at the same rate as now, new aquatic products will become available to the public, which will be more inclined to accept “blue” products. In the long term, we need to convince more people to become aquaculture scientists. The demand for scientific knowledge is great because we work with many more aquatic species compared to terrestrial agriculture. This demand for technical knowledge will be greater in the future, if we want to reach the ambition that aquaculture is a sustainable and essential part of global food security. We need more people working in aquaculture given the growing role that aquaculture is playing in food security globally. A Conversation with Marc Verdegem Rodrigue Yossa Marc Verdegem
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2018 11 The scientific community working in aquaculture is currently too small to support future growth of the aquaculture sector. Rodrigue Yossa: What does the future of aquaculture look like in your region? Marc Verdegem: In Europe, marine aquaculture is developing well, mostly with finfish and shellfish. When it comes to inland aquaculture the development is very slow, mostly due to strict regulations regarding the water framework in Europe. Hence, although there are a lot of funds available from the European Union and national agencies in most EU countries, the regulatory system forces farmers to produce at a level and cost that is currently not competitive with imports. So, despite some good initiatives, inland aquaculture is not developing fast and this situation will hardly change if the public does not change its perception that surface waters are part of nature. For marine aquaculture, current public perception leaves more room for development and coincides with a drive from the industry to reduce its environmental impact. Rodrigue Yossa: What does the future of aquaculture look like in the world? Marc Verdegem: Globally the perspective is that aquaculture will continue to grow. However, one of the biggest challenge of global aquaculture will be that, if we want aquaculture production to double, we also need to double the amount of input (feed) that goes into aquaculture. If we really want to develop the Blue Frontier, then we need to think about how we can use the aquatic environment to produce feed for aquaculture. We also need alternatives to the grain and animal products presently used in aquaculture feeds. It will be a challenge to find enough resources to support aquaculture in the future. Rodrigue Yossa: What do you think about professional certification of aquaculturists? Marc Verdegem: Professional certification of aquaculturists has to be established successfully at national levels first, on the basis of the aquaculture realities of each country, before establishing international standards for certified aquaculture professionals. Aquaculturists would be certified as is currently the case with agronomists, who are certified at the national level in several countries around the world. By certifying aquaculturists at the national level through a system that is accepted by the national government and industry, there would be legal and nationallyaccepted values attached to the certification. Rodrigue Yossa: What would you have done differently if you had to restart your career in aquaculture? Marc Verdegem: As a scientist, I work on many aspects of aquaculture research that requires a lot of energy. If I had to restart my career, I would have restricted my research scope early on to focus on one aspect of aquaculture research, try to excel in it and develop an expertise in this field by going so deep that the industry can venture into new frontiers. However, I would do this while still interacting extensively with people in other fields and keeping myself aware of the scientific progress in other areas of aquaculture research. Apart from that, I would not do anything else differently in my career. Rodrigue Yossa: What advice would you give to young aquaculturists? Marc Verdegem: For scientists, focus on what you do. For farmers, consultants and professionals, think internationally. To all, I recommend being open to what is happening in other regions and to ask yourself what can be applied to the situation you are in. Also, be willing to learn the way things are done in other places in the world and to adapt that knowledge to your place to improve your local productivity. Think and act internationally. Editor’s Note – Dr. Yossa can now be reached at r.yossa@ cgiar.org. Aquaculture receives a lot of goodwill because there is a growing debate globally about the “blue revolution,” which is considered as a new frontier for food production. Here the challenge is that we need to venture into this new frontier in a way that we don’t overshoot the capacity of the environment to produce aquatic food for human consumption. If aquaculture continues to develop at the same rate as now, new aquatic products will become available to the public, which will be more inclined to accept “blue” products.
12 MARCH 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG marine species, although production of marketsize marine fish was just 4,567 t in 2015. France currently contributes about 17 percent of total EU aquaculture volume and value. Shellfish Production Total shellfish production in 2015-2016 was 216,917 t, with 125,151 t of cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas and 87,894 t of stake-grown mussels (bouchot). Some 55 percent of oyster production is consumed over the Christmas and New Year holiday periods. Production fluctuates each year from mortality events (juveniles and adults) that regularly affect the sector. Since 2008, massive mortality events of cupped oysters have been reported in almost all farming areas in France (Miossec et al. 2009, European Food Safety Authority 2010, Martenot et al. 2011, Pernet et al. 2012, Pernet et al. 2016). These epidemiological events are associated with infection of oysters with a newly described genotype (µVar) of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (Segarra et al. 2010) that has expanded along the The upcoming AQUA 2018 event #We R Aquaculture, co-organised by EAS and WAS, will take place in Occitanie. This is the name given to one of the new ‘super regions’ of France, created in 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and MidiPyrénées. Occitanie comes from the historical name of the broader region of southern France and the historic use of the Occitan language and its various dialects. Its aquaculture activities cover the production of marine and freshwater fish and shellfish cultivated in the Thau lagoon, a special focus of this article. The region also produces Spirulina and more recently other microalgae and macroalgae. Overall, France is one of Europe’s biggest aquaculture producers, with 262,012 t of production in 2015. The country has a long tradition of shellfish (216,917 t in 2015) and fish production (45,095 t in 2015). It was also the location of one of the precursors of the marine production sector, developing hatchery techniques for Aquaculture in Occitanie, France Alistair Lane, Béatrice Chatain and Emmanuelle Roque d’Orbcastel Suspended pearl-net rearing structures beneath a support rack. The super-region of Occitanie in southern France. Montpellier is indicated by the green dot.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=