34 JUNE 2018 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG By value the second largest major aquaculture species group in 2016 were the crustaceans at over US$ 57.1 billion, with over 7.86 million t reported (up 6.9 percent from the previous year) from over 27 different crustacean species; 65.9 percent of total crustacean production being marine shrimp species at 5.18 million t (Fig. 4). Molluks represented the second largest animal species group at 17.2 million t or 15.6 percent of total aquaculture production by weight in 2016; total mollusk production valued at US$ 29.4 billion in 2016, with filter feeding marine/brackishwater mollusk species dominating production, including oysters, clams and mussels (Fig. 5). Last but not least, aquatic plants represented over a quarter of global aquaculture production at 30.1 million t in 2016, with production up by 2.6 percent by weight from the previous year; representing a very diverse group ranging from the production of unicellular algal species produced in sophisticated land-based culture facilities to the production of edible macrophytes under outdoor ambient culture conditions (Fig. 6). Dominance of the Asian Region By geographical region, Asia currently dominates aquaculture production with over 92.1 percent of total global production. Aquaculture production within the African continent displaying the highest APR of 10.2 percent per year and Europe the lowest at 2.3 percent per year since 2000 (Fig. 7). Top Country Producers China dominates global aquaculture production at 63.72 million t or 57.8 percent of total global production in 2016 (Fig. 8) and remains the world largest global producer of fish (Fig. 3), crustaceans (Fig. 4), mollusks (Fig. 5), and aquatic plants (Fig. 6). Asia’s dominance in aquaculture production after China is followed by six other Asian countries, namely Indonesia (2nd largest country producer at 5.7 million t), India (5.7 million t), Viet Nam (3.6 million t), Bangladesh (2.2 million t), the Philippines (2.2 million t) and the Republic of Korea (1.9 million t; Fig. 8). Table 1 shows the top twenty aquaculture producers in 2016; the Asian dominance being broken by Egypt (8th largest country producer), Norway (9th), Chile (11th), Brazil (14th), Ecuador (16th), the USA (17th) and Nigeria (20th). Major Fed Fish and Crustacean Species In contrast to mollusks and aquatic plants, whose production is usually reliant on the natural availability and supply of nutrients available within an open culture system, the bulk of fish and crustacean aquaculture production is dependent on the external supply of feed inputs in the form of nutritionally complete formulated aquaculture feeds or to a lesser extent the supply of lower-cost supplementary feed inputs. In general, the use of supplementary feeds is currently FIGURE 5. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t and US $ billion; FAO 2018) FIGURE 6. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t and US$ billion; FAO 2018) Figure 5. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t & US $ billion; FAO 2018) Oysters 5,594,822 Clams, cockles, arkshells 5,570,141 Scallops, pectens 2,126,930 Mussels 2,007,507 Misc marine molluscs 1,153,615 Abalones, winkles, conchs 400,230 Freshwater molluscs 285,894 Total – 17,177,107 t MOLLUSCS – 59 species reported Major country producers in 2016: China 84.4%, Japan 2.2%, Korea R 2.1%, Chile 1.8%, Vietnam 1.4%, Spain 1.3%, USA 1.0% (FAO 2018) US$ 29.4 billion 15.6% 17.2 t Figure 6. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t & US$ billion; FAO 2018) Red seaweeds 18,472,933 Brown seaweeds 10,512,535 Green seaweeds 15,958 Misc aquatic plants 1,137,964 Spirulina nei 88,585 TOTAL 30,139,389 t ALGAE – 20 species reported Major reported country producers in 2016: China 48.0%, Indonesia 38.6%, Philippines 4.7%, Korea R 4.5% (FAO 2018) 27.3% 30.1 t US$ 11.7 billion FIGURE 7. Total global aquaculture production by region in 2016 (values given in t; FAO 2018) FIGURE 8. Top aquaculture producers by country in 2016. (values given in t; FAO 2018) Figure 7. Total global aquaculture production by region in 2016 (values given in t; FAO 2018) ASIA (t) 101,510,124 AMERICAS 3,363,281 EUROPE 2,946,630 AFRICA 2,121,210 OCEANIA 229,006 AMERICAS 3.05% EUROPE 2.67% AFRICA 1.92% ASIA 92.11% 2016 110,208,218 t ASIA (APR) 6.4 AMERICAS 5.4 EUROPE 2.3 AFRICA 10.2 OCEANIA 3.2 All APRs calculated from 2000 to 2016 China Indonesia India (F) Viet Nam Philippines Bangladesh Korea, Rep. Norway 3.3% China 63,720,041 Indonesia 16,581,000 India 5,703,002 Viet Nam 3,634,531 Bangladesh 2,203,554 Philippines 2,200,914 Korea, Rep. 1,859,220 Egypt 1,370,660 Norway 1,326,216 Japan 1,067,974 Chile 1,050,117 Myanmar 1,017,644 Thailand 962,571 Others 7,510,774 Figure 8. Top aquaculture producers by country in 2016. (values given in t; FAO 2018) CHINA 57.8% INDONESIA 15.0% 5.2% OTHER 6.8% Total production 110,208,218 t, valued at US$ 243.26 billion
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=