WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2019 25 (CONTINUED ON PAGE 26) Other Species Commercial trials have been carried out with Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, although these were limited and more research and marketing is required. Costa Rica now allows production of pangasius catfish and has imported broodfish from Asia (Fig. 8). The country has favorable conditions for its commercial development and a very high-quality product could be offered to the local and international market. Pangasius reach an adult age in three years, with weights of 2.5-3.5 kg for males and 3-5 kg for females (Til-Gen 2015). Main Marine Species Penaeid Shrimp The current production of shrimp is based on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Fig. 9). Growth of the sector since the 1990s has been limited by definition of mangrove areas as wetlands protected by the Ramsar Convention (Gumy et al. 2014). In addition to this constraint, shrimp production is limited by several disease problems and the low level of producer technification (Peña and Varela 2016). Semi-intensive crops prevail, where stocking densities of 10/m2 are normally used in three short cycles of 90-120 FIGURE 7. Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii broodstock. FIGURE 8. Pangasius catfish broodstock. FIGURE 9. Marine shrimp cultured in semi-intensive systems. FIGURE 10. Spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus.
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