WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2019 63 Best Management Practices • Hand nets or scoop nets should be used in the hatchery to handle broodfish. • Avoid physical stress in broodfish caused during transportation from pond to hatchery. • The quality of source water should be good and it should be available in sufficient quantity. • In a breeding operation, post-spawning courtship behaviors can cause physical injury to spent broodfish. Timely separation of sexes should improve the situation. • Care should be taken during larval rearing to avoid unnecessary mortalities. • Feeding should be done carefully during cloudy days to avoid low dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body. Challenges Although induced breeding of pengba is not difficult, the main problem lies in fertilization, hatching success and early development of the fish. Large-scale mortality occurs in early development stages after absorption of the yolk sac. Proper feeding and water management ensures better production. Notes Pradyut Biswas, Alok Kumar Jena*, Arun Bhai Patel, Kalpana Arambam, Amrita Pradhan, Soibam Khogen Singh and Rajkumar Debarjeet Singh College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura (W)-799 210, India * Corresponding author email: alokkumarjena427@gmail.com References Das, P.C. and B. Mishra. 2016. Multi-species farming of major and minor carps for enhancing production in freshwater aquaculture. Indian Journal of Fisheries 63(2):55-61. Basudha, C. and W. Vishwanath. 2002. Nutritional evaluation of chicken gut and snail meat in diets of Osteobrama belangeri (Val.). Indian Journal of Fisheries 49:211-215. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). 2010. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/ IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T168218A6467894.en. Vishwanath, W. 2010. Osteobrama belangeri. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2012, Version 2012.1. FIGURE 8. Harvesting pengba fingerlings for stocking in grow-out ponds. TABLE 1. Optimum water quality for rearing larvae and fry of Osteobrama belangerii. Water quality parameter Optimum range Water temperature (C) 24-30 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) >4 pH 7.5 - 8.0 Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) 80-120 Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 75-150 Ammonia (mg/L) < 0.05 Nitrite (mg/L) < 0.02
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