World Aquaculture Magazine -December 2021

WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2021 31 This four-part series in World Aquaculture are excerpts from BCP’s upcoming book, Radical Aquaculture , to be published in 2022 by 5m (Essex, UK). I want to give my deep appreciation to Dr. John Hargreaves, the Editor of World Aquaculture , for the opportunity to write these four articles in 2021. John has taken the magazine and our Society to a new level of outstanding quality. Muito obrigado, meu amigo, John. References Ahmed, N., J. Ward and C. Saint. 2014. Can integrated aquaculture- agriculture (IAA) produce “more crop per drop”? Food Security 6:767- 779. Anderson, J. 2002. Aquaculture and the future: why fisheries economists should care. Marine Resource Economics 17:133-151. Bailey, C. 1997. Aquaculture and basic human needs. World Aquaculture 28:28-31. Belton, B., D.C. Little, W. Zhang, P. Edwards, M. Skladany and S.H. Thilsted. 2020. Farming fish in the sea will not nourish the world. Nature Communications 11:5804 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19679-9. Belton, B., L. Rosen and L. Middleton, and 16 others. 2021. COVID-19 impacts and adaptations in Asia and Africa’s aquatic food value chains. Marine Policy 129,104523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104523. Bennett, M. 1941. Meat in national diets. Food Research Institute Studies 18:37-76. Bloom, D., 2011. 7 billion and counting. Science 333:562-569. DOI: 10.1126/ science.1209290. Broughton, E.I. and D.G. Walker. 2010. Policies and practices for aquaculture food safety in China. Food Policy 35:471-478. DOI: 10.1016/j. foodpol.2010.05.007. Brugere, C., J. Aguilar-Manjarrez, M. Beveridge and D. Soto. 2018. The ecosystem approach to aquaculture 10 years on—a critical review and consideration of its future role in blue growth. Reviews in Aquaculture 0,1- 22 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12242. Bruinsma, J. 2009. The Resource Outlook to 2050: By howmuch do land, water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Expert Meeting on How to Feed theWorld in 2050. FAO, Rome. Buck, B. and R. Langan. 2017. Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland https://link. springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51159-7.pdf. Camelo-Guarín, S., C. Molinet and D. Soto. 2021. Recommendations for implementing integrated multitrophic aquaculture in commercial farms at the landscape scale in southern Chile. Aquaculture 544,737116 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737116. Chatterjee, D., J. Ford, J. Rojewski and S.W. Watts. 2019. Exploring the impact of formal internships on biomedical graduate and postgraduate careers: an interview study. CBE Life Science Education DOI: 10.1187/ cbe.18-09-0199. Chin, G., T. Marathe and L. Roberts. 2011. Special Section on Population. Science 333:540-594. Christie, M., M. Marine, S. Fox, R. French andM. Blouin. 2016. A single generation of domestication heritably alters the expression of hundreds of genes. Nature Communications 7:10676. Claissea, J.., D. Pondella, M. Love, L. Zahna, C. Williams, J. Williams and A. Bull. 2014. Oil platforms off California are among the most productive marine fish habitats globally. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(4315464) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411477111. ecological sustainability” (Seychelles 2018). Progress is slow in the Americas where large-scale aquaculture dominates, especially in nations where export-driven aquaculture is the core of production (Chile) or where aquaculture is a very small part of primary food production (North America, EU). However, Doris Soto, pioneer of the EAA (Soto et al. 2008), reports that a new aquaculture policy for Chile under the EAA framework will be in place sometime in 2022. Camelo-Guarín et al. (2021) is using data on nutrient fluxes between salmon and mussel farming and to assess IMTA at the landscape level as a way to implement the EAA in aquaculture management areas. In the USA, where bivalve aquaculture is an estimated to represent 39 percent of total production (FAO 2020), Feldman (2021) investigated the value of adding the EAA to oyster aquaculture inMaine. He found direct connections between the EAA and increased oyster value when communicating the EAA in coastal areas around farms and indirect connections to increased oyster value by monitoring water quality to prevent exceeding carrying capacity and involving a broader spectrum of community members as stakeholders in the planning for oyster aquaculture development at all scales. The FAO is also in the process to develop newGuidelines for Sustainable Aquaculture (GSA) (www. fao.org/in-action/gsa/background/en/ ) that will be launched in 2022 after discussions and acceptance by member countries. It is hoped that the EAAwill be featured at the core of the GSA. As a recommendation to the emerging generation of aquaculture pioneers in the new geographies for aquaculture: get into your NEI (Not Elsewhere Included)! This has been one of the most obtuse (and my favorite) terms in FAO reports; I remember thinking NEI was a Japanese species! But it’s one of the greatest, unsegmented, little- reported areas of aquaculture globally that likely is most important locally, and to the future of aquaculture (Metian et al. 2019). Is the evolution of the Blue Revolution in this NEI? By the way, freshwater fish NEI is reported as number #10 in global FAO (2020) production, a reported production larger than the entire reported aquaculture production of Africa (2.2MMT) (FAO 2020). This category includes many wonderful indigenous South American, African, Australia/ Asia/Pacific native species that are under development. Notes Barry Antonio Costa-Pierce (aka “Pierce”, “BCP”) received a Ph.D. in Oceanography and Aquaculture from the University of Hawai’i and a M.Sc. in Zoology and Limnology from the University of Vermont. He has a 40+ year career in aquaculture R&D&P with 20 years internationally in Asia, Africa and the Americas, and 20 years as a professor and director of various applied academic programs at US universities and colleges fromCalifornia to the Great Lakes, and from the Gulf Coast to New England. Currently he is in his “sunset years” as the Henry L. &Grace Doherty Professor of Ocean Food Systems and ProgramCoordinator of the Graduate Program in Ocean Food Systems, School of Marine &Environmental Programs at the University of New England inMaine. He is also President/CEO of the Ecological Aquaculture Foundation (EAF, oceanfoods.com ) and will soon be serving full time in that role. EAF is developing operations inMaine and with partner farms and companies in Florida, Hawaii, Portugal and the UK, and serves as an advisor to Sweden’s new Blue Food Centre, AquaSpark (Netherlands), and Kaua’i Sea Farms (Hawai’i). ( C O N T I N U E D O N P A G E 3 2 )