WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEP TEMBER 2022 21 ( C O N T I N U E D O N P A G E 2 2 ) aquaculture production came from China, it is worthwhile to examine aquaculture growth separately for China and the rest of the world (ROW). It turns out China and ROW had a dampened aquaculture growth, yet ROW experienced a stronger dip than China (Fig. 3, Table 1). Consequently, ROW contributed only 26 percent of the 2.8 million t increase in world aquaculture production in 2020, which was lower than its 40 percent contribution to the 3.9 million t increase in 2019 (Fig. 1). Dampened growth was also a prominent pattern in regional aquaculture, which occurred in three regions with the largest aquaculture production: Asia, the Americas and Europe. Aquaculture growth in Africa turned from a production hike in 2019 into a drop in 2020; the region therefore belonged to the category of accelerated decline. In contrast, Oceania had an accelerated aquaculture growth in 2020 whose magnitude was nearly triple the production hike in 2019 (Fig. 3, Table 1). With highly imbalanced aquaculture production across countries, global or regional patterns may not adequately capture variations at the national level. For instance, the accelerated decline in Africa primarily reflected the situation in Egypt and Nigeria (the two largest aquaculture countries in the region), whereas the rest of Africa experienced an accelerated growth (Table 1). Increased Aquaculture Production in a Majority of Countries We were able to fit 169 countries3 to the four growthaccounting categories (Fig. 2). Among them, 96 countries experienced either accelerated or dampened aquaculture growth in 2020, and these countries accounted for 79 percent of world production in 2020 (Fig. 4). Among the 96 countries, 59 countries (14 percent of world production) experienced accelerated growth, including eight of the top 20 largest aquaculture producers (Fig. 4), namely India (ranked #3; 7.05 percent of world production in 2020), Bangladesh (#5, 2.11 percent), Myanmar (#11; 0.93 percent), Japan (#12, 0.81 percent), Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (#15, 0.55 percent), Brazil (#16, 0.51 percent), Iran (#17, 0.39 percent) and Cambodia (#20, 0.33 percent). The 37 countries that experienced dampened growth accounted for 66 percent of world production (Fig. 4). China alone accounted for 58 percent and the other 36 countries contributed only 8 percent. Besides China, another five top-20 countries belong to this category, namely Viet Nam (#4, 3.76 percent), Chile (#9, 1.23 percent), Norway (#10, 1.22 percent), Ecuador (#14, 0.63 percent) and Turkey (#19; 0.34 percent). It is interesting to note that these five countries generally have a more export-oriented aquaculture sector than the aforementioned eight large aquaculture countries with accelerated growth. Declined Aquaculture Production in a Large Number of Countries Aquaculture production in 73 countries declined in 2020 compared to 2019, and these countries accounted for 21 percent of world production in 2020. The number of countries (73) is not much smaller than that with production growth (96), and the 21 percent production share is nearly the same as that of ROW countries (excluding China) with production growth (22 percent). Among the 73 countries with declined production in 2020, 59 countries (20 percent of world production) experienced accelerated decline (Fig. 4), including 45 countries whose aquaculture trend turned from a production hike in 2019 to a production drop in 2020. Aquaculture production in six top-20 largest producers experienced accelerated decline in 2020, namely Indonesia (#2; 12.11 percent), Republic of Korea (#6; 1.9 percent), the Philippines (#7; 1.89 percent), Egypt (#8; 1.30 percent), Thailand (#13; 0.79 percent) and the United States of America (#18; 0.37 percent). The aquaculture trend in five of them (except Indonesia) turned from a production FIGURE 3. Status and trends of world and regional aquaculture, 2010-2020. FIGURE 4. Accounting for aquaculture growth performance in 2020.
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