WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2022 63 and Aquaculture Development 6(1048):2577-1493. Johnson, E.A., T.G. Villa, and M.J. Lewis. 1980. Phaffia rhodozyma as an astaxanthin source in salmonid diets. Aquaculture 20(2):123-134. Khalil, F.F., A.I. Mehrim and M.E. Hassan. 2012. Effect of Hydroyeast Aquaculture® as growth promoter for adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 3(6):305-317. Naimah, A.K., A.J.A. Al-Manhel and M.J. Al-Shawi. 2018. Isolation, purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides produced from Saccharomyces boulardii. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 24(3):455-461. Navarrete, P. and D. Tovar-Ramírez. 2014. Use of yeasts as probiotics in fish aquaculture. Sustainable Aquaculture Techniques 1:135-72. Sanderson, G.W. and S.O. Jolly. 1994. The value of Phaffia yeast as a feed ingredient for salmonid fish. Aquaculture 124(1-4):193-200. a potential immunostimulant in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Journal of invertebrate pathology 112(3):243-252. Ernesto Ceseña, C., F. Vega-Villasante, G. Aguirre-Guzman, A. Luna-Gonzalez and A. Campa-Cordova. 2021. Update on the use of yeast in shrimp aquaculture: minireview. International Aquatic Research 13(1):1-16. Gamboa-Delgado, J. and J.M. Márquez-Reyes. 2018. Potential of microbial-derived nutrients for aquaculture development. Reviews in Aquaculture 10(1):224-246. Goda, A.M.A., H.A.H.H. Mabrouk, M.A.E.H. Wafa and T.M. ElAfifi. 2012. Effect of using baker’s yeast and exogenous digestive enzymes as growth promoters on growth, feed utilization and hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B 2(1B). Gyan, W.R., S. Ayiku, Q. Yang and J. Asumah. 2019. Effects of yeast antimicrobial peptide in aquaculture. Journal of Fisheries Yeasts have been receiving increased attention as alternative protein sources in fish feeds. More studies are required to exploit the use of yeast in aquaculture. Yeast products are cost-effective and environment friendly. Applications of yeast-derived AMPs in aquaculture health management is promising. So far, only a limited number of strains have been studied. Yeast research in aquaculture has mainly concentrated on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several yeast species remain unexplored, especially in marine and mangrove habitats. The role of yeast in the gut microbiome of fishes is another promising area for research. SIMPLIFICATIONOF GENUS PENAEUS The classic ongoing debate in taxonomic classification systems is between so-called “lumpers” and “splitters.” The taxonomy of penaeid shrimp has not been immune to this tension, with substantial confusion about classification over the last few decades. In 1997, Pérez Farfante and Kensley proposed a phylogenetic system based on morphological traits that elevated six sub-genera of penaeid shrimp to genera. This created controversy and confusion regarding the need to rename these groupings and not everyone agreed with the proposed changes. Evolutionary relationships based on morphological characteristics can be misleading. Amore robust approach using molecular markers was needed to demonstrate consistent genetic differences. In a forthcoming paper in Aquaculture (Yang, C.-H., K.YMa, K.H. Chu and T.-Y. Chan. 2023. Making sense of the taxonomy of the most commercially important shrimps Penaeus Fabricius, 1798 s. l. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae), a way forward. Aquaculture 563(1):738955), the authors propose a re-consolidation based on molecular phylogeny. The authors conclude that “it is appropriate to retain these shrimps in a single genus to reflect their evolutionary relationships in terms of integrated taxonomy. A single genus classification scheme is also the least disruptive to the taxonomic names of these very important commercial shrimps.” Based on the revised taxonomic classification scheme proposed by Yang et al., three shrimp species that were formerly litopenaeids (vannamei, stylirostris, and setiferus) have thus now reverted to the genus Penaeus. Future articles in World Aquaculture magazine will refer to these shrimp species using this revised and simplified nomenclature system.
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