WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2018 33 production, aquaculture is currently dominated by the production of aquatic animal species; over 70 percent of total production being in the form of fish, mollusks and crustaceans in 2016, and only 27.3 percent of production being in the form of aquatic plants or seaweeds (FAO 2018, Fig. 2). Total fish production in 2016 was 54.1 million t (up 5.0 percent from the previous year) with over 171 different species reported and total production valued at US$ 138.45 billion (Fig. 3). Moreover, despite that over 70 percent of our plant is covered with ocean or salt water, over 85.7 percent of fish production were freshwater fish species (mainly carps, tilapia and catfishes), and to a lesser extent diadromous fish species (9.2 percent, including salmonids, milkfish, eels, etc.), and marine fish species, respectively (5.1 percent, FAO 2018). Global Aquaculture Production Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic plants and animals, continues to be the world’s most diverse food production sector, with over 277 different species reported in 2016, including 20 species of aquatic plants, 59 species of mollusks, 27 species of crustaceans and over 171 fish species (FAO 2018). According to the latest statistical information from FAO, total global aquaculture production increased by 4.5 percent from 105.46 million t (live weight equivalent) in 2015 to a new high of 110.21 million t in 2016, with total production valued at US$ 243.26 billion (Fig. 1, FAO 2018). Major Species Production In contrast to terrestrial agricultural food production systems where plant cereals and oilseeds dominate agricultural food Global Trends in Aquaculture and Compound Aquafeed Production Albert G.J. Tacon (CONTINUED ON PAGE 34) FIGURE 1. Total global aquaculture and capture fisheries production Aquaculture production increasing at an APR of 8.12% per year compared with 2.54% for capture fisheries from 1950 to 2016 (FAO 2018). 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 91.99 t 110.21 t million t 2016 Figure 1. Total global aquaculture & capture fisheries production Aquaculture production increasing at an APR of 8.12% per year compared with 2.54% for capture fisheries from 1950 to 2016 (FAO 2018). CAPTURE FISHERIES AQUACULTURE 2016 FIGURE 2. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t and US$ billion; FAO 2018) Figure 2. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t & US$ billion; FAO 2018) FISH 49.1 % 54.1 Mt FISH 56.9 % 138.5 $B 27.3 % 30.1 Mt 15.6% 17.2 Mt 12.1 % 29.4 $B 4.8 % 11.6 $B 7.1% 7.9 Mt 23.5 % 57.1 $B By weight 110.21 million t By value US$ 243.26 billion MACRO-ALGAE MOLLUSCS CRUSTACEANS AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES FISH FIGURE 3. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t and US$ billion; FAO 2018) Figure 3.Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t & US$ billion; FAO 2018) Freshwater fishes 46,387,932 Diadromous fishes 4,957,342 Marine fishes 2,745,874 Grass carp 6,068,015 Silver carp 5,300,736 Common carp 4,556,622 Nile tilapia 4,199,567 Bighead carp 3,526,812 Catla 2,960,554 Atlantic salmon 2,247,759 Roho labeo 1,843,496 Pangas catfish nei 1,741,057 Milkfish 1,188,082 Rainbow trout 814,091 Marine fishes nei 844,305 Total 54,091,148 tonnes Major country producers in 2016: China 54.5%, India 9.5%, Indonesia 7.9%, Viet Nam 4.9%, Bangladesh 3.8%, Egypt 2.5%, Norway 2.4%, Myanmar 1.7%, Chile 1.3% US$ 138.5 billion FISH – 171 species reported FISH 49.1% 54.1 t 85.7% 9.2% 5.1% FIGURE 4. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t and US$ billion; FAO 2018) Figure 4. Aquaculture production by major species group in 2016. (values given in million t & US$ billion; FAO 2018) Shrimps 5,180,563 Freshwater crustaceans 2,280,687 Crabs, sea spiders 399,124 Lobsters 1,628 Whiteleg shrimp 4,155,827 Red swamp crawfish 919,887 Chinese mitten crab 812,183 Giant tiger prawn 701,081 Oriental river prawn 272,592 Giant river prawn 233,898 Indo-Pacific swamp crab 89,390 Total 7,862,016 t Major country producers in 2016: China 56.1%, Viet Nam 8.9%, Indonesia 8.0%, India 6.8%, Ecuador 5.4%, Thailand 4.3%, Bangladesh 1.8% (FAO, 2018) US$ 57.1 billion CRUSTACEANS – 27 species reported 7.1% 7.9 t
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