WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEP TEMBER 2022 23 Notes Dr. Junning Cai is an economist and Aquaculture Officer at the Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Junning.Cai@fao.org Giulia Galli is a graduate student in Environmental Policy at Sciences Po, Paris, specialising in agriculture/aquaculture and European issues. galligi97@ gmail.com Dr. PingSun Leung is professor emeritus at the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa. psleung@hawaii.edu Xiaowei Zhou is an aquaculture expert and statistician at the Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Xiaowei.Zhou@fao.org 1 Data and statistics on aquaculture production presented in this article are from FAO (2022). 2 In this article, economy is measured by total GDP in constant price; relevant data are from IMF (2022). 3 Reporting entities in FAO statistics (FAO 2022) include countries and territories. For narrative convenience, country here includes non-sovereign territory. The scope of these reporting entities is adopted here; China refers to mainland China. References FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2021. The impact of COVID-19 on fisheries and aquaculture food systems, possible responses: Information paper, November 2020. Rome, Italy. doi.org/10.4060/ cb2537en FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2022. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Aquaculture Production 1950-2020 (FishStatJ). www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2022. International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook Database (April 2022). www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/download.aspx Love, D.C., E.H. Allison, F. Asche, B. Belton, R.S. Cottrell, H.E. Froehlich, J.A. Gephart, C.C. Hicks, D.C. Little, E.M. Nussbaumer, P. Pinto da Silva, F. Poulain, A. Rubio, J.S. Stoll, M.F. Tlusty, A.L. Thorne-Lyman, M. Troell and W. Zhang. 2021. Emerging COVID-19 impacts, responses, and lessons for building resilience in the seafood system. Global Food Security 28, [100494]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100494 hike in 2019 into a decline in 2020. Only 14 countries experienced dampened aquaculture decline in 2020, and they accounted for less than half a percent of world aquaculture production (Fig. 4). Five of the six largest aquaculture countries in this group (except Cuba) are located in Europe, namely Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Czechia and Belarus (Fig. 4). Conclusion Although causing economic declines in around 160 countries in 2020 and setting the world economy back by 3 percent (IMF 2022), COVID-19 did not knock down world aquaculture as a whole, which has been one of the fastest growing food sectors. Aquaculture production still grew in nearly 100 countries in 2020 with 2.8 million t (2.3 percent) of overall growth in world aquaculture. However, the impacts of the pandemic on aquaculture can be felt by some worst records highlighted by the following: • In 2020, the 2.8 million t of increase in world aquaculture production was the lowest since 2002. • In 2020, the 2.3 percent growth in world aquaculture production was the lowest since 1998. • Year 2020 was the first time since 2003 that aquaculture production grew in less than 100 countries. • Year 2020 was the first time ever that aquaculture production declined in over 70 countries. • Year 2020 was the first time since 2003 that aquaculture production growth gained momentum (either faster expansion or lesser decline) in less than 80 countries. • Year 2020 was the first time ever that aquaculture production growth lost momentum (either slower expansion or faster decline) in over 95 countries. Based on the latest FAO statistics (updated to 2020), this article highlights some notable aquaculture growth patterns in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic based on preliminary analyses. Further analyses are needed to deepen the understanding of these patterns, particularly results at the national level. The next update of the FAO statistics (expected in March 2023, with 2021 data added and refinements of data in previous years) will allow us to take a better look at aquaculture growth performance during the pandemic and discern patterns under a more comprehensive assessment. Available from the WAS Online Store Starting with an overview of the types of challenges faced by managers of aquaculture businesses, the book then presents the different challenges faced by new, start-up businesses and those that have been in business for many years. The book includes step-by-step guidance on how to find key markets, locate customers and determine their preferences, develop estimates of capital requirements for land, construction of buildings and production facilities, and purchase equipment. Guidance is also given on developing a financing plan, including the key financial statements that show early indication of potential problems. Comprehensive coverage is also provided of the various types of permits and regulations, as well as the magnitude of costs and delays that can occur for an aquaculture business to be in compliance. Finally, advice is given on keeping an eye on emerging trends, signs of changing consumer preferences and demand, and external threats and opportunities. Editor: Carole Engle. ISBN: 9781789180510, Hardback 344 pages.
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