Developing countries have always struggled to manoeuvre their developmental process due to various fundamental issues normally associated with countries falling under this category. India with no exception has faced immense issues like social, economic and political in the process of development which have also been resulted from heterogenous social structure. However country has been steadily marching on the path of development and reforms introduced time to time has helped to scale up the growth process in an equitable manner. One such step was creation of Jharkhand state curving out of Bihar on 15th November 2000. Since then the state has made significant development and is strenuously working to uplift the socio-economic condition of its masses. This paper study one such initiative i.e. fish seed production by fisheries department, Jharkhand in generating income and livelihood for the resource poor people of the state. The total of 498 sample have been studied and the caste composition analysis showed OBC has the highest involvement with the share of 61.04 percent followed by ST, SC and General with 23.04, 10.64 and 5.22 percent respectively. The gender profile study revealed that women participation is almost negligible in fish seed production which was only 2.41 percent out of total. The fish seed growers were classified into 5 income groups and results showed that majority fall in the income group of Rs.50,000-1.0 lakh accounting about 41.77 percent followed by Rs.1.0 lakh-1.50 lakh (25.90%), > Rs.2.5 lakh (17.87%), Rs.1.5 lakh- 2 lakh (7.63%) and Rs.2 lakh-2.5 lakh (6.83%) respectively. The Lorenz curve analysis showed moderate level of income inequality which was validated from Gini-index of 0.48. The study concludes that though fish seed production is very lucrative business however there is need to bring gender parity in the business. There is also need to reduce the income inequality and should facilitate in equitable distribution of income among the beneficiaries.