Aquariculture is recognized not only as an alternative livelihood option of rural and urban communities but also production of low volume high value export trade commodities. Many reef systems are endowed with bright multi coloured export oriented ornamental fishes in India. Despite the enormous species availability, ornamental fish culture is not flourished in India due to various hindrance factors when compared to South East Asian countries. The trade of marine ornamentals has been expanding in recent years and has grown into a multimillion dollar enterprises mainly due to the emergence of improvised breeding technologies, setting and maintenance of miniature reef aquaria, modern aquarium gadgets, and aquarium fish keeping has also become the second most popular hobby in the world. However, India's contribution is negligible, more than 90 % marine ornamental fishes are still collected from the wild during the last three decades. Many ecosystems are also deteriorated due to illegal collection practices, global warming, etc. Even though the seeds are available in the nature, collection in large quantity in right time is a problem, and overdependence may also lead to depletion of the stock in the long run. In order to escalate marine ornamental fish production for this multi stakeholder industry, series of issues to be addressed in the fields of collection, rearing under controlled conditions, wholesalers, transhippers, retailers, hobbyists, researchers, government resource managers and conservators, policies, etc. Among these, breeding and seed production under controlled conditions are the top most part which involve Collection and transportation of fishes, pairing, broodstock management and development, breeding system setup and management, provision of substrate for egg deposition (in the case of attached eggs), feed formulation and broodstock feeding and feeding schedule, induced spawning through hormonal and manipulation of environment cues and social structure or natural spawning, incubation of eggs , parental care and management of parameters. morphology and embryology of eggs, egg hatching and larval collection and handling techniques, tank set up for larval rearing, Larval rearing, nursery rearing, growout culture and quarantine. Apart from these, allied sections to substantiate larval rearing are micro algae stock and mass culture, Zooplankton stock and mass culture (rotifers, copepod and cladoceran), zooplankton harvesting and handling, artemia cyst hatching and harvesting and live zooplankton bio enrichments. In addition to these, harvest of juveniles, packing and transportation are need to be conducted for trade and other purposes. In these backdrop, many private, public and government research organisations like CMFRI have initiated breeding and seed production which is the sole alternative solution for livelihood option as well as ecosystem conservation through sea ranching. Effort made by CMFRI in this line has resulted in the development of breeding technologies for more than 22 species of marine ornamental fishes, and many other ornament species are in progressing in the hatchery of CMFRI .