India has become the hotspot for aquaculture in the world with continued increase in production and productivity for the past few years. Shrimp production grew multifold, making India to cross China, which is till date the largest producer of shrimps in the world. India contributed over six percent of global fish production. The expansion of Aquaculture production is restricted due to the pressure it causes on the environment by the discharge of waste products in the water bodies and by its dependence on fish oil and fish meal. Aquaculture using biofloc technology (BFT) offers a solution to both problems. It combines the removal of nutrients used by the water with the production of microbial biomass, which can in insitu used by the culture species as an additional food source. Intensive aquaculture must deal with its impacts on the environment in the form of water pollution and the use of a good water quality within aquaculture systems and produce additional food for the aquaculture organisms. This will augment our capability to steer the microbial aggregation to obtain optimal morphological characteristics (floc size and floc size distribution) to serve as food for the culture species for its replacement to fish meal. Currently, research is mainly focusing on the nutrient removal from the water and not so much on the compositional aspects (protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipids, poly β hydroxybutyrate) of the bioflocs, although the latter can represent a major added value for aquaculture. The nutritional value of the bioflocs, as well as their morphological characteristics, are dependent on a large set of operational parameters currently under development in BFT aquaculture systems. The adoption of biofloc technology in the outdoor and indoor systems has been well documented and indoor culture trials showed significant difference in terms of production and productivity. The microbial composition in triggering the immune performance of the animals remains unexplored and magnificent role of biofloc technology can be well adopted in India to raise the standards of fish and shrimp farming activities in India.