The vibrant inland fisheries and aquaculture sector has crossed its infancy with 43 folds increase in fish production during the past 68 years starting its beginning in 1950-51 from a meagre production of 0.20 million tonne (MT) to 8.57 MT 2017-18 (GoI, 2019). Even the contribution from inland open water fisheries also surpassed 1.2 MT with more visibility being perceived every year. Looking towards immense potential of fisheries and aquaculture sector, Govt. of India has opened up a New Directorate under 'Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare' in February, 2019 with immediate budget layout of more than Rs. 10,000 crores. The very potent sector has been tremendously metamorphosed from a mere age-old traditional to enterpreneural scale adopting the new culture practices like enclosure cultures (cage & pen), especially in reservoirs and deeper floodplain wetlands. Even the derelict water bodies like deeper canals, open coaliary pits etc. Also are being brought under cure. In India, cage culture begins its journey from Ghorajan beel in Assam in seventees (1972-76) under AICRP on Air-breathing fish culture. The cage culture in India has gained momentum during 2006-09 under CGAIR-CPWF-34 project executed by ICAR-CIFRI in Central Indian reservoirs (Dahod, Bhopal & Pahuj, Jhansi) targeting production of stocking materials of carps with a gain of strong foothold in this technology. Subsequently, raising table fishes in cages has been standardised at Maithon reservoir, Jharkhand under NFDB sponsored 'Cage Project' with Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) culture, which has been spread across 12 States of India in 'Mission Mode' under 'National Mission for Protein Supplement' (NMPS) project with able fund support by DAHD&F, Govt. of India. CIFRI has been spear heading in disseminating the technology in 20 states including A&N Islands with functioning of 18,000 numbers of cages having robust knowledge support to make the technology sustainable and economically viable. More numbers of cages have been sanctioned by NFDB during 2017-19 being installed by different States having good reservoir resources. Diversification of candidate species in cages beyond Pangas is in progress. Even the NGOs, private players are venturing with cage culture. The technology has been geared up with acceptance of newer design utilizing hardy cage materials with more ruggedness and sturdy functioning than its beginning. A modest start-up with a simple single cage structure followed by bamboo-made cage frame transforming to Galvanised Iron (GI) and Pontoon frame (Polyethyelene) cages dictating its importance and accessibility to the stakeholders across India with a glorious future. The predominating States culturing fishes in cage are Jharkhand, Chhattishgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra with newer additions are U.P., Andhra Pradesh, Telangana State, Odisha, Bihar and North-Eastern (NE) States etc. Enormous generation of man-days associated with cage culture technology including fabrication, production, feeds, marketing and value addition etc. targeting towards good livelihood assurance has been the ultimate goal. Numbers of entrepreneurs in cage frame making, net making, extruded feed industries have made their strong foothold for this sector during the last decade in India. Now, the greatest concern is to how far the technology remains eco-friendly so far as trophic status of the water bodies is assured and maintained keeping biodiversity intact. The go green cage culture system looking towards climate-smart ecological conditions of reservoirs, floodplain wetlands and other inland waters has been formulated by CIFRI with active support from NFDB in developing 'Model Cage culture Policy' where only 0.1% of the water spread may be fruitfully utilised for cage culture, without impacting on ecology and ecosystem of the water body vis a vis eco-functioning of the system in a sustainable manner. Pen culture also, though an age-old practice, has been transformed many folds in its size, shape, materials of pen construction, candidate species suiting with ecology and ecosystem of inland waters of India during the last three decades, mostly suited in floodplain wetlands. ICAR-CIFRI has designed, patented and marketed the eco-friendly climate-smart cage and pen structures including 'Cage-Grow Feed' during 2017-18. Our Indian reservoirs are multi-stake holders and ICAR-CIFRI, being custodian of inland open water fisheries including reservoirs, has to be vigil enough in maintaining the eco-sanctity of these very important inland open water resources with spreading of more numbers of cages across India associated with diversified candidate species to be grown in cages other than Pangas also.