Summary: The basic principles of white shrimp cultivation (Penaeus vannamei) are described in the present article, on the basis of the literature database's analysis. The general methodological approaches to the content of this species in facilities with closed recycling water systems (CRWS) are characterized. The first for Russian aquaculture results of experimental cultivation of white shrimp in the aquarium complex of invertebrate's mariculture laboratory of the VNIRO Research Institute, Moscow are presented in this article. The intensity of growth of length and weight characteristics of juveniles was estimated. The dependence of trophic and motor activity of juveniles on water temperature is shown, as well as the threshold temperature of white shrimp cultivation in CRWS is revealed.
Key words: white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, juveniles, cultivation, growth in facilities with closed recirculation water system, influence of water temperature on physiological processes
For the Russian aquaculture the white shrimp is a new object which is currently grown only in single basin complexes. At the same time, in the world aquaculture this species occupies a leading position in terms of production among decapod crustaceans. The main part of the territory of the Russian climate is not suitable for the cultivation of thermophilic species in open water, which makes it relevant to the cultivation of shrimp in closed recycling water systems. Synthesis of the available data in the literature makes it possible to formulate the basic principles of biotechnology scheme of obtaining a juvenile in a completely controlled environment. Adaptation of these approaches to the conditions of Russia will contribute to the growth of aquaculture volumes of decapod crustaceans both in coastal regions and in the continental part of the country. The first results on the experimental cultivation of white shrimp, made in the aquarium complex of the invertebrates mariculture laboratory of the VNIRO Research Institute demonstrate the potential for industrial cultivation of the species. The growth rate of the size and weight characteristics of the juveniles of the species was estimated. The dependence of trophic and motor activity of fry on water temperature is shown, and the threshold temperature for cultivation of white shrimp in the CRWS is revealed. At the time of receipt in the laboratory, the post larvae (PL12) had a length of 6 mm and a body weight of about 1 mg. After four months of cultivation, the average length of the shrimp was 128 mm, weight 24.2 g. The maximum size and weight characteristics of white-legged shrimp for four months of cultivation were: body length 136 mm, and weight - 30 g. The growth rate of linear dimensions and mass of individuals in the conditions of CRWS is rather high, which allows characterizing the white shrimp as a promising object for aquaculture in Russia.