This literature review analyzes 349 scientific publications from 2010 to 2025 that address the interaction between macroalgae and bivalves in the context of climate change, with emphasis on applications for small-scale aquaculture (APE) in Chile. The review reveals a growing scientific interest, especially between 2017 and 2022, in studying the effects of ocean acidification and temperature increase on these key taxa. Most studies come from countries with strong aquaculture industries (China, USA, Australia, and Europe), while regions like Africa and Latin America, including Chile, remain underrepresented. Chile contributed only 16 studies, despite its global importance in macroalgae and bivalve production, signalling a significant research gap.
Although both organism groups are widely studied, only a small fraction of the literature focuses on their combined use in co-culture systems. Laboratory experiments dominate, but field studies are urgently needed to validate results under real farming conditions. Additionally, taxonomic analyses show a focus on a few commercially valuable species, limiting the exploration of less-exploited native taxa.
The findings emphasize the need for increased research in Chile on species-specific physiological responses, co-culture optimization, and field-based validation to develop sustainable and climate-resilient aquaculture strategies. Expanding the knowledge base on native species and their environmental tolerances will support adaptation and mitigation planning for APE under climate change scenarios.