Uruguay stands out as the leading sturgeon producer in the southern hemisphere and ranks among the world’s top ten caviar exporters. Under neotropical climate conditions, infections caused by motile Aeromonas spp. and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) represent the primary health challenges in this aquaculture sector. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal changes in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of these pathogens by comparing data from two large-scale sampling campaigns carried out a decade apart (2010 and 2020) in Uruguayan sturgeon farms. The analysis revealed a significant rise in resistance among Aeromonas isolates, increasing from 27.3% in 2010 to 65% in 2020 (p<0.05), whereas no significant variation was observed in SDSE isolates (41.7% vs. 40.9%, p>0.05). The odds of resistance in Aeromonas spp. were four times higher in 2020 compared to 2010 (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.6–12.1), while resistance levels in SDSE remained stable (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.43–2.25). A similar trend was seen in multidrug resistance: the proportion of multi-resistant Aeromonas spp. rose sharply from 36.3% to 81.8% (p<0.05), whereas SDSE isolates consistently exhibited high multidrug resistance (83.3% vs. 81.8%, p>0.05). These findings suggest a concerning escalation in antimicrobial and multidrug resistance among Aeromonas spp. infecting farmed sturgeons, likely linked to increased antimicrobial usage prompted by more frequent disease outbreaks.