Aquafeed is central to aquaculture development, representing 50–80% of production costs in a sector valued at USD 50 billion in 2024 and projected to exceed USD 63 billion by 2029. However, global supply disruptions, rising ingredient prices, and stricter environmental regulations are driving demand for sustainable, locally available feed solutions. Conventional plant-based alternatives, while cost-effective, often reduce digestibility and feed efficiency, increasing nutrient emissions and limiting farm expansion. Novel additives that enhance nutrient utilisation and animal resilience are therefore of growing interest.
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced via biomass pyrolysis, has shown promise in terrestrial livestock for improving gut health, feed conversion, and immunity. Its application in aquaculture is still emerging, but early studies suggest potential benefits for fish and shrimp.
The effects of grading dietary levels of biochar supplementation in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated. After eight-week, shrimp fed biochar, particularly at mid-inclusion, achieved higher growth, better feed conversion ratios, and greater survival. Following a thermal stress challenge, biochar-fed groups exhibited markedly lower mortality (17.5–20%) compared to control (40%). Elevated haemocyte counts suggested immune-enhancing effects, while ongoing analyses indicate improved nutrient retention and digestibility.
These findings highlight biochar’s potential as a functional aquafeed additive that can enhance productivity, resilience, and environmental outcomes. Further research is needed to advance and validate these results. Additional potential benefits of biochar supplementation will also be discussed.