Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing forms of food production in the world and an increasingly important part of the U.S. agricultural economy, contributing about $1.5 billion in producer sales in 2018. Missouri accounted for 1% of the total U.S. aquaculture production, with food fish representing 66% and baitfish 3% of the state’s production. Despite this potential, Missouri’s aquaculture industry has grown more slowly than inflation, showing a need for expansion and greater efficiency. This study examined consumer perceptions, preferences, and attitudes toward aquaculture to understand factors influencing purchasing decisions and public acceptance.
A statewide online survey (n=204) captured responses from a diverse demographic group; 52% were female, 47% male, 69% identified as White, and 46% held a graduate or professional degree. Most respondents knew little about aquaculture, 80% were unaware that Missouri produces about $24 million in aquaculture sales each quarter, yet 74% supported expanding aquaculture, and 60% were interested in buying locally farmed fish. Seafood consumption was common, with 36% eating seafood more than twice a month and 24% weekly. Salmon, shrimp, catfish, and tuna were most consumed, and 94% purchased seafood from grocery stores. While 60% considered country of origin important, 59% were unfamiliar with aquaculture certifications. Many respondents wanted more information about aquaculture sustainability (54%), nutrition benefits of seafood (50%), and where to buy local seafood products (60%). Misconceptions about water quality, environmental impacts, and fish welfare remain barriers to acceptance. Targeted education and outreach are essential to close knowledge gaps, build public trust, and increase demand for aquaculture products which in turn would drive local market growth and support the sustainable development of Missouri’s aquaculture sector.