PIPER BETEL LEAF EXTRACT SPRAYED ON FEED TO CONTROL Aeromonas hydrophila DISEASE IN CATFISH (Clarias sp)

Manja Meyky Bond*, Betutu Senggagau, and Tanjung Penataseputro
 
Special Engineer
Fish Disease and Environment Investigation Center
Serang, Banten 42167
Indonesia
meyky78@yahoo.com

Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) disease caused by pathogenic agent such as Aeromonas hydrophila mostly attack catfish in fresh water aquaculture. It occurs during rainy seasons and happens on juvenile and growth fish. Generally, the fish had dropsy and ulcer and also wound in the body. If it could not separately well, it would cause 100% mortality. Antibiotics always uses to handling the disease, but usually not recommended for food safety. It could contaminate the water and residue remains in fish and bacterial resistance if the doses are not suitable as should be. Some of medical plants have natural antibiotics substances. It could be used to kill pathogenic bacterial in general. Piper betel leaf is one of the medical plants which have natural antibiotics. The piper betel leaf extracts are known as herbal medicine in aquaculture fish disease. Many studies had conducted this extract with any kind methods. This study aims to observe survival rate of catfish juveniles after had treated with piper betel leaf extract sprayed in fish feed.

About 5 kg of fresh piper betel leaf dried in oven with 500C during 24 hours and then mashed it to be simplicia. The extraction used by maceration method. There were 2 different type concentrations of piper betel leaf extract. The 5% and 10% of piper betel leaf extract made by diluting 100 g and 200 g simplicia respectively in 2000 ml of 96% ethanol during 24 hours. Fish feed prepared by spraying the piper betel leaf extract and homogenized it.

The experiments used completely randomized design with 2 replicates. About 50 catfish (Clarias sp) juveniles with 5-8 cm length respectively cultured in 6 tanks of 1000 ml circulated fiberglass. They were fed around 30 days by fish feed which had sprayed with 0%, 5% and 10% of piper betel leaf extract. After that, the challenge test was conducted. Around 50 juveniles were injected with 107 cfu/ml of Aeromonas hydrophila inoculum broth. The survival rates were observed during 20 days.

The results showed that piper betel leaf extract had significantly (p < 0.05) controlled Aeromonas hydrophila disease in catfish juveniles. The 5% of piper betel leaf extract had highest result of catfish juveniles survival rates.