EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT SAMBILOTO (Andrographis sp) LEAVES IN CONTROLLING REPRODUCTION OF FEMALES SALINE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)  

Mohammad Syaichudin, Suhardi A.B.S, Abdul Gafur
Brackish Water Aquaculture Development Center (BPBAP) Takalar. E-mail: syaichu_1973@yahoo.com

The classic problem in saline tilapia culture that maturity before adulthood and frequent mating behavior, it is spurring the development of a variety of techniques to control tilapia reproduction undesirable. The advantage of the growth control reproduction is superior, because the fish will divert more energy to the growth not for reproductive behavior. The method has existed largely unsustainable and difficult to access by traditional culturer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an alternative method for controlling the ripening prematurely that economical and sustainable, such as the use of herbs as alternative proper substitution of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Sambiloto (Andrograhis sp) that contains the active compound andrographolida can cause infertility through the mechanism of inhibition of production of progesterone that play a role in the maturation of the gonads. Engineering aims to examine the role of crude extract of sambiloto in the control of gonadal maturation saline tilapia females. The design of the testing is done by comparing the tilapia females fed the result of enrichment of crude extract of bitter leaf with the control without enrichment, which the two-month test period. Test animals used were female tilapia fish measuring 15 cm and weighing 90 g in a 10 m3 concrete tank container given by the black net with stocking density 6.5 indv/m2. Based on the test results are obtained absolute long growth in the control is 38.2% while 43.3% of sambiloto (bitter) treatment, where treatment sambiloto look higher 5:14%. While the rate of absolute weight growth in the sambiloto treatment look higher 13.75% compared with controls. The main target of engineering that is controlling the female tilapia reproduction, information that obtained showed on the control treatment gived gonadal maturity level reaches 100%, while 81.25% in sambiloto treatment, it is proved that the extract of sambiloto in this activity could inhibit gonadal maturation in the saline tilapia females reached 18.7%. Phytoestrogen compounds such as isoflavonoids, flavonoids, lignans and coumestans believed to have capabilities such as sex hormones, and can block estrogen biosynthesis by acting as aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonists in gonadal germ cells. Therefore, this material is considered potentially useful in encouraging sex reversal or delay gonadal maturation in fish, especially in the control of reproduction of tilapia in aquaculture so that productivity will increase.