70 December 2011 is 15 years at present. This period should be extended to 25-30 years. 6. To improve insurance for fisheries, necessary legal arrangements should be made. 7. Turkey should take an active role in preventing pollution of the Black Sea 8. New fish and shellfish species should be cultured. Discussion and Conclusion Although there has been a great potential for the development of the aquaculture sector, this potential has not been used efficiently in Turkey. For example, marine fish farming using net cages has developed intensively in the coastal waters throughout Turkey for nearly ten years. Similarly, fish farms have been allowed to produce large amounts of valuable fish. and their supply in recent years to the internal and external markets on a regular basis (Deniz 2004, URL 2). Therefore, fisheries sector is still not an important part of the economy at present. To understand the significance of the fisheries sub-sector in the agricultural sector, it is adequate to only evaluate the share of agricultural sector and the fishery in the GDP of the country and the share of fishery in agricultural sector. Therefore, the share of fishery in agricultural sector in 2008 was 4.5 percent (with current prices) while, the share of agriculture in GDP was 9.2 percent (Yılmaz and Özvarol 2009). In Turkey, business management of aquaculture has not been developed to a sufficient level. The main reasons for this are: • Demands for aquatic product has not been sufficient to interest investors in aquatic reproduction and rearing, • Investments on the production of aquatic productsfor export aim need huge capitals. Furthermore, the per capita annual fish consumption in Turkey has been fairly low because of regional disparities, income-price ratio, consumption addictions and finally supply and demand imbalances in the market. The per capita fish consumption in Turkey at a quantity of 8.9 kg is behind the world and EU averages of 16 and 23 kg, respectively (Yılmaz and Özvarol 2009). Therefore, to increase fish consumption and to develop business management of aquaculture in Turkey, consumption of aquatic products should be encouraged and entrepreneurs should be supported by providing credits with low interest rates. The Fisheries Ministry or at least a Directorate-General for Fisheries should be composed of well-trained technical staff who would organize all work pertaining to fisheries in Turkey. At present, this work is carried out by nearly 11 organization of the Government. In addition, the government should make decisive and strong policies, financially and structurally. For example, action plans on national fishery policy should be prepared immediately and management plans of economically important lakes should be prepared and applied. The Fishery Law (No. 1380) accepted in 1971, regulates all fisheries and aquacultural activities. With this law, and its related bureaucracy, descriptions were codified. Regulations and circulars were organized to regulate fisheries work according to this law. Later, the Fishery Law No. 1380 of 1971 as revised by Law 3288 in 1986 (Rad 2002). These two regulations were also revised by the Fishery Law No 4950 in 2003; with this revision important legislative principles and standards were provided for the establishment and management of aquaculture facilities. In addition, Aquaculture Regulation No 25507 was enforced in 2004. It addressed major issues related to aquaculture. Furthermore, in 2005, some changes were made to the regulation and published in the Official Gazette No 25967 (Yucel-Gier 2009). It seems that the Fishery Law 1380 will probably be revised again in challenging the European Union accession stage. In conclusion, the fishery sector has a number of problems and the structure of fishery sector needs to be improved in Turkey. It is clear that any solution to the problems will cause an increase of social benefits in fishery sector. Therefore, accurate policies consistant with development in the world fishery should be followed and applied in Turkey. In addition, investments for production and rearing should be established by private and authorized sectors. The Government should support entrepreneurs via credit with low interest rates and should reduce bureaucracy in establishing production and rearing units. Notes 1Fisheries Faculty, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, TURKEY e- mail: aharlioglu@firat.edu.tr Phone: 0090 424 237 0000 ext: 4549 Fax: 0090 424 238 6287 References Akca, H., M. Kayim and M. Sayili. 2006. SWOT analysis of fishery sector in Turkey. Journal of Applied Sciences 6(8): 1863-1867. Akgün, H. 2004. Problems of culture fisheries in Turkey and resolution offers (in Turkish). Cine-Tarım Dergisi 60: 13-15. http:// www.cine-tarim.com.tr/dergi/arsiv60/arastirma02.htm (date of access: July 17, 2011) Akyol, O. and O. Ertosluk. 2009. Fishing near sea-cage farm along the coast of the Turkish Aegean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20: 11-15. Anonymous. 2004. Rearing and Sanitation of Animals and Water Products, Second Agriculture Council, IV. Commission, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara, 82 p (in Turkish): http://tarimsurasi.tarim.gov.tr/PDFLER/IV.Komisyon.pdf (date of access: July 17, 2011) Anonymous. 1996. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Ankara, Turkey. Anonymous. 1997. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Ankara, Turkey. Anonymous. 1998. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Ankara, Turkey. Anonymous. 1999. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Ankara, Turkey. Anonymous. 2000. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Ankara, Turkey. Anonymous. 2001. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Ankara, Turkey. Anonymous. 2002. Yearly Fishery Statistics. Prime Ministry of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=