42 SEPTEMBER 2012 Corresponding Author: Joseph Molnar: molnajj@auburn.edu 3 Order: Ceratodontiformes, Australian, S. American and African species Family: Protopteridae; Genus: Protopterus. There are at least four African lungfish species, Species: Protopterus aethiopicus (with three subspecies), Protopterus amphibious, Protopterus annectens, and Protopterus dolloi (Haeckel 1851). 4 Lungfish have two anterior gill arches that retain gills, though they are too small to function as the sole respiratory apparatus. The lungfish heart has features that partially separate the flow of blood into its pulmonary and systemic circuits. The atrium is partially divided, to that the left side receives oxygenated blood and the right side receives deoxygenated blood from the other tissues. These two blood streams remain mostly separate as they flow through the ventricle leading to the gill arches. 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