54 DECEMBER 2012 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG TABLE 2. The ultrasound models, probe, corresponding features, and medium used for ultrasound transmission of fish reproduction (Novelo and Tiersch 2012). FISHES THE ULTRASOUND UNIT THE PROBE Common name Model Mode Settings Model Array MHz Medium sturgeons Yes Yes NR Yes L 5, 7.5 gel/water Neosho madtom Yes NR NR NR NR 8, 7.5, 13 NR Murray cod Yes NR NR NR L 5 NR Pacific herring Yes NR NR NR NR 5 NR Atlantic cod Yes Yes Power NR L 3.5, 7.5 water Atlantic halibut Yes NR NR Yes L, S 5, 7.5 mucus flounders Yes NR NR Yes A, S 5, 10 no gel haddock Yes NR NR NR S 5 NR Atlantic salmon Yes NR Power NR L 3.5 NR coho salmon Yes NR NR NR NR 5, 15 gel steelhead Yes NR NR NR L 7.5 NR striped bass Yes NR NR NR C, L 5 NR red hind Yes NR NR NR L NR NR sharks Yes NR NR Yes C-L , L 3.5, 7.5 gel/water thornback ray Yes NR NR NR L 7.5 water Yes = data reported, NR = data not reported; L = Linear, S = Mechanical Sector; A = Annular; C = Curved; and C-L = convex-linear. TABLE 1. Summary of biological data reported by studies (number of studies in parentheses) using ultrasonography in fish reproduction. Common name Species Age (yr) Length (cm) Weight (Kg) sturgeons (5) Acipenser stellatus 6 - 16 95 - 150 FL 5 - 16 Scaphirhynchus platorynchus 16 - 19 65 - 74 TL NR S. albus NR NR 12 - 25 Neosho madtom (1) Noturus placidus 1 - 3 10 - 14 TL NR Murray cod (1) Maccullochella peelii 1 - 6 NR 1 - 6 Pacific herring (1) Clupea pallasi NR 16 - 23 SL 68 - 94 g Atlantic cod (3) Gadus morhua 1 - 6 NR 1 - 5 Atlantic halibut (2) Hippoglossus hippoglossus NR 54 - 120 FL 12 - 28 flounders (2) Verasper moseri 1 - 2 1 - 40 TL NR P. americanus NR NR NR Limanda ferruginea NR NR NR haddock (2) Melanogrammus aeglefinus NR 56 - 73 FL 2 Atlantic salmon (1) Salmo salar NR NR 3 - 6 coho salmon (1) Oncorhynchus kisutch NR 10 - 45 FL NR steelhead (2) O. mykiss NR NR NR striped bass (4) Morone saxatilis 5 55 to 98 TL 3 - 19 red hind (1) Ephinephelus guttatus NR 28 - 42 NR sharks (3) Ginglymostoma cirratum NR NR NR Notorynchus cepedianus NR 240 - 265 TL NR Scyliorhinus canicula NR 38 - 70 TL ≤ 1 thornback ray (1) Raja clavata NR 49 - 85 TL 1 - 4 1anadromous form of rainbow trout NR = data not reported for the majority (> 50% ) of studies.
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