WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 1 VOLUME 43, NUMBER 4 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY DECEMBER 2012 W RLD AQUACULTURE Revisiting AQUA 2012 in Prague
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WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 3 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. Tel: +1-225-578-3137; Fax: +1-225-578-3493; e-mail: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2011-2012 Dr. Kevan Main, President Dr. Michael Schwarz, President-elect Dr. Ricardo Martino, Past President Dr. Rebecca Lochmann, Secretary Dr. William Daniels, Treasurer DIRECTORS Dr. David Little Dr. Yoram Avnimelech Dr. Jimmy Avery Dr. Juan Pablo Lazo Dr. Luís André Sampaio Dr. Sandra E. Shumway CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Lukas Manomaitis, Asian Pacific Gary Fornshell, USAS Maria Celia Portello, Latin America and Caribbean Dr. Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 Tel: +1-760-751-5005; Fax: +1-760-751-5003 e-mail: worldaqua@aol.com MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPONDENCE: Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. E-mail: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves01@yahoo.com. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2012, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 43 NO. 4 DECEMBER 2012 Cover: The beautiful cityscape of Prague, site of AQUA 2012. Photo: Joe Tomasso. 12 APFIC/FAORAP/NACA Consultation on Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific: Towards a New Paradigm Peter Edwards 16 Offshore Mariculture Industry Looks to High Seas Opportunities Isobel Roberts 17 New Publication: Genetic Risks Associated with Marine Aquaculture 21 Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Aquafeeds S. Ferosekhan, D.L. Prabu and P. Antony Jesu Prabhu 25 Two-Year Growth of Sunfish Hybrids in Missouri Charles E. Hicks 30 A Practical Approach to Biosecurity in Atlantic Salmon Production Atle Lillehaug, Nina Santi and Asgeir Østvik 36 Projected Sea-Level Rise May Be Underestimated 38 Enabling Studies for Aquaculture of the Hawaiian Opihi, the Limpet Cellana Nhan Thai Hua and Harry Ako 44 Salmo carpio: an Endemic Salmonid of Lake Garda, Northern Italy Fernando Lunelli, Filippo Faccenda, Ivano Confortini, Cristina Cappelletti and Francesca Ciutti 50 Ultrasound Imaging of Channel Catfish Reproduction Noel Novelo and Terrence Tiersch 57 Factors Controlling Biofloc Characteristics Vikas Phulia, Babita Mandal, Aritra Bera, Soibam Khogen Singh, Rakesh Das and Ankur Jamwal 60 Personal Experiences in Pond Water Quality Management Claude E. Boyd (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
4 DECEMBER 2012 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column Society 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Latin American and Carribean Chapter President’s Report 4 USAS President’s Report 5 Korean Chapter News 6 Asian Pacific Chapter Update 7 WAS Names Three New Fellows 8 Student Spotlight: Highlighting Student Scholars and Researchers 9 Peter Edwards Receives Honorary Life Award 10 Caffey and Halver Obituaries 14 News Items 18 AQUA 2012 in Prague 67 Calendar 70 Advertisers’ Index 71 Financial Report 72 Membership Application Contents (continued) AQUA 2012 in Prague was a tremendous success. The scientific and technical program, workshops, trade show, industry tours and local arrangements were well planned and executed, thanks to the Steering Committee led by Michael New, the Program Committee, the Home Office staff of both the World Aquaculture Society (WAS) and the European Aquaculture Society (EAS), and our Conference Management Team led by John Cooksey. Attendance exceeded 2000 delegates from more than 76 countries and was well represented from the research and industry sectors in Eastern Europe, a new audience for a WAS convention. The Plenary Session included opening addresses by WAS President Ricardo Martino and EAS President Yves Harache, followed by the presentation of WAS and EAS Society awards. WAS gave the Honorary Life Member award to Dr. Peter Edwards from the Asian Institute of Technology, and WAS Fellows awards were given to Dr. M.C. Nandeesha from the Thoothukudi Fisheries College and Research Institute, Dr. Patrick Sorgeloos from the University of Ghent, and Dr. Craig Browdy from Novus International (see the special column on these award recipients). Dr. Geoff Allen, who was designated a WAS Fellow in 2011 but was unable to attend that meeting, was given his award. Two plenary addresses were given: Peter Arneson from Marine Harvest in Norway presented the industry perspective on securing our future through global aquaculture and Geoff Allen from the Port Stephens Institute in Australia presented this same topic from a research perspective. The plenary closed with three short Student Spotlight talks and awards were presented to these students during the President’s Reception. The program included over 600 presentations, 440 posters, and we had 100 exhibitors in the trade show. Finally, student oral and poster presentations were judged throughout the conference — information on the winners of those awards is presented in the student awards column. The WAS Board of Directors met for two days before the conference and one day after to review committee and staff accomplishments and to identify goals and assignments for the coming year. Discussions focused on our financial health (see the Treasurer’s report in this issue), trends in membership, services (World Aquaculture magazine, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, books, website), our conferences, chapter activities, student services, developing closer linkages with affiliate organizations, and expanding services to attract and retain membership. There was agreement among the Board that we need to expand our services if we are going to attract WAS membership in under-represented countries. The Promotions and Membership Committee and a new ad hoc committee (International Membership) was formed to develop a plan and a template to expand WAS membership in countries with large aquaculture industries (such as India and China). The Promotions and Membership Committee was also charged to work with the Electronic Networking Committee to explore ways to provide expanded information services to current and new WAS members. I want to close by thanking our Board members, Chapter Presidents and their Boards, our Executive Director, the Home Office staff, and all the past presidents for their support and dedicated service to the Society. These individuals spend countless hours working to provide services to our membership and exploring new opportunities to expand those services to meet the professional needs of our members. We look forward to seeing all of you in February at World Aquaculture 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee. — Kevan L. Main, President
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 5 Editor’s Note In the last issue of World Aquaculture I wrote about the drought — persisting still — withering grain crops in the US grain belt. Now I write in the aftermath of more natural disasters, a “superstorm” that slammed into the US northeast and a cyclone hitting India. Superstorm Sandy led New York Governor Andrew Cuomo to comment that a 100-year extreme weather event is now occurring every two years. Freakish weather is the new normal. I do not intend to turn my Editor’s Note into a chronicle of the effects of climate change on aquaculture, but these latest storms may be a signal of what lies before us. Aquaculture, especially on the coasts, will be dealing with potentially catastrophic weather events with increasing frequency. It is an important story to tell, if only for the lessons learned on how to better prepare for natural disasters and how to make farmers and facilities more resilient in the face of increased risk of repeated losses. Given that Superstorm Sandy was so large, about 1000 mi in diameter, effects were felt widely. Most shellfish growing areas from Norfolk, Virginia to Portland, Maine were closed. The Chesapeake Bay was closed to shellfishing, except for the Eastern Shore. Some North Carolina growing areas were closed. In the aftermath of the storm, Bob “Skid” Rheault described the shellfish industry in the region as “in a shambles.” Some of the worst devastation happened in New Jersey, where the greatest storm surge and winds occurred. Early estimates indicate that two of six hard clam hatcheries are nearly a total loss, among them the oyster and clam hatcheries owned and operated by Dale Parsons near Tuckerton and John Schriever in West Creek. Four other hatcheries sustained minimal damage and most seed was already planted. Some clam operations behind Atlantic City and around Tuckerton did not fare well. Shellfish mortality in the growing areas of western Long Island Sound was high, with estimates of 50-90 percent. For several days, turbulent seas pounded these shallow beds, causing burial by shifting sediments or chipping of shells. Shallow areas in coastal New Jersey were likewise damaged. Shoreside infrastructure in western Long Island Sound is largely intact. Clams on Atlantic Coast leases in New Jersey seem to have experienced minimal damage. High water apparently protected most planted clams and oysters on deepwater leases. Intertidal rack and bag systems in Delaware Bay were sufficiently submerged to be spared the worst effects of wind, waves and surge. The Haskin Lab on Delaware Bay had minor water damage and lost a boatshed. Dave Bushek reports that “the Haskin oyster stocks appear to be fine along with those of the local growers.” The dune that protects the Cape Shore laboratory from Delaware Bay was destroyed and washed into the road. The tidal surge that flooded New York City closed the major seafood distribution hub there, but the Fulton Fish Market reopened two days after the storm. Growing areas in eastern Long Island, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire were largely spared. Two days after Superstorm Sandy hit the northeast US, Cyclone Nilam main landfall in Tamil Nadu, India, about 50 km south of Chennai. The cyclone brought flooding rains but the major fish farming areas of Tamil Nadu were not affected. However, in anticipation of flooding rains and outbreaks of white-spot syndrome virus that normally occur following such storms, many shrimp farmers preemptively and prematurely harvested their crops. Thus, there was little direct damage to aquaculture facilities in Tamil Nadu and the main effects were indirect. Possibly the most serious effect of Cyclone Nilam was experienced south of the landfall area, where there are many hatcheries that supply fish and shrimp seed throughout India. High winds caused minor damage to hatchery infrastructure but wind and rain created poor water quality for hatcheries, especially wide temperature fluctuation. As a result, hatchery seed production was badly affected. Many farmers have prepared ponds to receive fish and shrimp seed, but none are available. Throughout November there was almost no production from hatcheries in this area. Farther north, in Andhra Pradesh — the state responsible for of more than 60 percent of shrimp production in India — heavy rains occurred along the coast. However, farmers normally experience heavy rains and flooding during this time of year and most had harvested their ponds or were well-prepared to manage the event. So the direct damage was again not very significant. When the storm reached the Kakinada coast in northern Andhra Pradesh, it brought massive amounts of rain to the upper catchment. Overnight, a pocket of aquaculture production in the north of Kakinada (near Tuni) was completely submerged under 2 m of floodwater. The deluge was so sudden that farmers were caught totally unaware. About 400 t of shrimp worth about US$ 2.2 million were washed away. This was the only major crop loss recorded. EDITORS NOTE: Information for this piece was provided by Joseph Myers from the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Bob Rheault on behalf of the East Coast Shellfish Growers Association, Gef Flimlin, Dave Bushek, and Rick Karney. Information from India was provided by “Bala” Balasubramaniam V, General Secretary of the Prawn Farmers Federation of India. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Aquaculture Storm Damage from Sandy and Nilam
6 DECEMBER 2012 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG By the time you read this column, we’ll be just a couple of months away from the next triennial WAS conference, Aquaculture 2013. Every three years the Triennial is held in the United States. It is the largest aquaculture conference and tradeshow held in the world. The Triennial combines the annual meetings of the Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society, the World Aquaculture Society, and the National Shellfisheries Association. For the first time the Triennial will be held in Nashville, Tennessee. Nashville is known as Music City the world over. Live music can be enjoyed any day and night of the week in Nashville. Free live music is offered 365 days of the year at world-famous honky-tonks located on Broadway. There are more than 130 music venues around Nashville, ranging from large arenas and concert halls to small clubs and featuring nearly every genre of music for nearly every musical taste. It’s no wonder that Nashville is known as the city that “music calls home.” Go here for a trip planning and visitor’s guide: www.visitmusiccity.com/visitors/ tripplanning/visitorsguide The theme for this Triennial is “Striking a Chord for Sustainable Aquaculture” and the Steering and Program USAS President’s Report Committee for Aquaculture 2013 is putting together an excellent program to stimulate inquisitive minds. Find the latest research in the extensive technical program that will feature special sessions, contributed papers and workshops on all of the species and issues facing aquaculturists. And the National Aquaculture Association is expanding the size and scope of its producer program to address issues facing producers. Lest we forget that the instruments that express sustainable aquaculture must include a horn section playing economic viability. Aquaculture 2013 will have one of the largest trade shows anywhere, with over 200 booths, where you will be able to inspect the latest products and services available. Keep pace with the latest technological advances by visiting the trade show during Aquaculture 2013. Be sure to register early to receive the pre-registration discount (by 11 January 2013), reserve your hotel and plan for an enjoyable and informative week (21-25 February 2013) in Music City, Nashville, Tennessee. For all the information you need, go to the World Aquaculture Society websote at www.was.org. In closing, I have had the privilege and honor of serving Latin American and Caribbean Chapter President’s Report By the time you read this, the names of the new President-Elect and Director of the Latin American and Caribbean Chapter will be known and finally the Board of Directors will be complete. The process of having the election was a long road. Juan Pablo Lazo (Past-President) and the Election Committee began work in May 2012 and we received many nominations of scientists, experts, producers, and industry representatives working on aquaculture in several countries in Latin America. After a lot of communication and discussion, we came up with a very strong slate of candidates. I would like to thank all members that sent nominations, the candidates who agreed to run for both positions, and the members that voted, thus actively taking part in our Chapter. We are also in great anticipation about the result of the membership decision on the recommendations proposed by the LACC Board of Directors for changes, rewording, and spelling corrections to the Bylaws. This election is just the beginning because we need to start another process to renew other positions. I hope to have it done before the next LACC Board meeting, which will occur during the upcoming International Symposium of Mariculture (SIM). As indicated in my last report, the SIM was planned for November 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. However, the organizers had several problems with logistics, funding, and the date coinciding with another aquaculture event (the III AquaPescaBrasil, also supported by LACC), and therefore decided to postpone the symposium to early May 2013. Funds from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq / Brazil) are guaranteed and will be used to support the meeting in May. This change gives us more time to prepare an excellent meeting and gives you more time to prepare to attend the symposium and join the LACC Board in Rio de Janeiro. As for 2013, we are planning to support the IV Latin American Conference on Native Fish Species that will be held in Villavicencio-Meta, Colombia, from 2-4 October. We are in contact with Dr. Pablo Emilio Cruz Casallas (Universidad de Los Llanos), looking for an agreement to put together the meeting. Last but not least, I would like to invite all LACC members to visit our new website and become aware of all news, meetings, opportunities and aquaculture activities in the Latin American and Caribbean region. Two books (“Patologia e Immunologia de Camarones Peneidos” and “Manual de Buenas Practicas de Manejo para el Cultivo del Camarón Blanco Penaeus vannamei”) are also available for free-of-charge download for LACC members. I hope you enjoy! — Maria Célia Portella, President (CONTINUED ON PAGE 5)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 7 USAS President’s Report, continued from page 4 you, members of the United States Aquaculture Society, a chapter of the World Aquaculture Society as President. I wish to thank the members of the Board: Kevin Hopkins (PresidentElect), Michael Schwarz (Immediate Past-President), Mike Denson (Vice-President), Reginald Blaylock (Secretary/ Treasurer), Steve Rawles (Director), Andy Lazur (Director), Rick Barrows (Director) and David Cline (Director); Aaron Watson the Student Liaison and, Carol Mendoza and Judy Andrasko (the Home Office) for your support and kindness. Best wishes for your holidays and a safe, healthy and prosperous New Year to each and every one of you. — Gary Fornshell, President Korean Chapter News The first meetings of the Steering Committee (SC), Program Committee (PC), and Industrial Committee (IC) for World Aquaculture 2015 were held from 17-20 October in Jeju. Seven members of the WAS Board of Directors met with six Korean local Steering Committee members. On 18 October, WAS Executive Director John Cooksey and Industrial Committee member Mario Stael visited the Jeju International Convention Center (ICC) to meet the directors and managers and survey the convention center and facilities. On 19 October, the WAS SC/PC meeting was held to discuss the listed agendas. An official welcome lunch reception for the WAS SC/PC and the Korean local SC was hosted by the Deputy Governor of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The next meeting of the WAS SC/PC with the Korean local SC was scheduled for 16-18 October 2013 at the Jeju ICC. On 20 October, the WAS SC/PC/ IC took a tour of Jeju Island, visiting a newly opened aquarium, Jeju Aquaplanet (www.aquaplanet.co.kr), Jeju Folk Museum, a flatfish farm, and a fish feed producing company. The WAS SC/ PC/IC members expressed their gratitude to the Korea local SC members to organize this first meeting. Special thanks were also expressed to the Director and staff of the Division of Fisheries and Aquaculture of Jeju Province and to the Governor for their great support for World Aquaculture 2015 in Jeju. Dr. Sandra Shumway, a member of the WAS Board of Directors, visited Korea for a seminar, symposium, and the 15th ICHA. She presented a seminar on “How to Write a Research Paper” for graduate students at Seoul National University on 25 October. As Editor-in-Chief of Harmful Algae, the Journal of Shellfish Research, the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, and Reviews in Fisheries Science, and a Research Professor at the University of Connecticut, she presented some important points on how to prepare a good paper, poster or oral presentation, and encouraged publication in refereed journals. She also stressed the importance of originality when conducting a study. More than 40 graduate students from Seoul National University, Hanyang University, Pusan National University, Pohang University of Science and Technology, and other institutes attended this seminar. She also presented a lecture on “Harmful algal blooms, shellfish aquaculture and restoration” at the 2012 Special Symposium on Red Tides: Red-Tide World on 26 October at Seoul National University. Donald Anderson (MITWHOI), Theodore J. Smayda (Co-Editor-in-Chief of Harmful Algae, University of Rhode Island), Diane K. Stoecker (University of Maryland) and Ojvind Moestrup (University of Copenhagen), Myung-soo Han (Hanyang University), Wonho Yih (Kunsan National University), Hae Jin Jeong (Seoul National University) also presented their work at this symposium. This event was organized by Seoul National University, Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs, Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion — Long Term Marine Ecological Research, and Pohang University of Science and Technology. For further information, please contact Prof. Hae Jin Jeong (hjjeong@snu.ac.kr). The 15th International Conference on Harmful Algae HAB2012 (ICHA) was held under the theme of “Mankind and HABs” from 29 October to 2 November at the Changwon Exhibition Convention Center (CECO), Gyeongnam. The ICHA aimed to address all issues related to the causes and effects of marine and freshwater harmful micro- and macro-algae and to serve as a forum for exchanging research outcomes and relevant ideas between researchers, industries, governments, and other interested parties (www.hab2012.kr/page?id=eng_index). More than 500 participants from more than 45 nations were gathered in this event and over 400 papers were presented. The annual joint meeting of the Fishery Sciences Association of Korea was held on 15-16 November in Busan. The Fishery Sciences Association of Korea consists of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, the Ichthyological Society of Korea, the Korean Society of Fish Pathology, the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology, and the Malacological Society of Korea. This event was part of the Busan International Seafood & Fisheries Expo 2012 (www.bisfe. com) on 15-17 November at BEXCO in Busan. This is the tenth year of this event and it has always been a great chance to see new products and technologies in fisheries. The 10th Japan-Korean Joint Symposium on Aquaculture will be held on 8-9 December, at Nagasaki University in Nagasaki, Japan. Fifty-five Koreans of members of the Aquaculture Chapter of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science and their families will participate in this event. — Ik Kyo Chung, President
8 DECEMBER 2012 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Asian Pacific Chapter Update Prague has come and gone — quite the event and quite the location — with good representation from around the world. Many WAS APC members were in attendance and this was also the meeting that formalized the merger of the Asian Pacific Chapter and Japan Chapter into one. Following recent elections, we have one returning and one new APC Board member. Congratulations to Dr. Zuridah Merican who is returning to the APC Board and to Ramakanta Nayak, a new addition to the APC Board, who will be replacing Dr. Mohanakumaran (Mohan) Nair, whose term has expired. We thank Mohan for his service and particularly for his tireless efforts to help make the APA2011 meeting in Kochi, India a reality. As a result of APA2011, his college was also upgraded to university status after this event. A quick note and an early reminder to all who are interested, the WAS APC Board will have many positions open for election before the next regional conference in December 2013. It is never too early to start thinking about this. Also, consider volunteering some time before being nominated to get a better sense of chapter activities. On the meetings front, since the last report the APC has finalized the Arid Land Aquaculture Symposium to be at United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) in Al Ain, UAE from 24-25 March 2013, with workshops and tours planned after the event. We are currently seeking qualified speakers and registration for this event should be open shortly through the WAS website. If you have an interest in aquaculture in arid areas, particularly in North Africa, the Middle East and Australia, then this symposium will be valuable to you. If you have an interest and qualifications for a speaking slot, please email us at apcwas@was.org. We also hope this event will be the start of a strong membership drive to increase WAS and WAS APC membership in the region. The event will feature reports from the major production areas, the environmental benefits of arid land aquaculture, multi-industry integration topics, benefits to food security and population health, and phytoplankton and biofuel production. Roy Palmer and I travelled to Japan in October to finalize plans for the High Value Marine Finfish Aquaculture Symposium, in cooperation with Professor Koshio Shunsuke (who is also the WAS APC Executive Advisory Council representative for Japan) and Kagoshima Fisheries University. This event will start in conjunction with the Kagoshima Sushi Festival on 16 October 2013 and a highlight will be ‘Aquaculture Sushi 101,’ a half-day workshop to highlight aquaculture’s link to sushi. The next two days will be for a symposium, followed by field trips. This event will be a precursor for the Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2013 (APA2013) meeting in Ho Chi Minh City in 10-13 December 2013 — Positioning for Profit” and particularly for the World Aquaculture 2014 (WA2014) meeting in Adelaide on 7-11 June 2014 — “Create, Nurture, Grow”. We hope to see a good turnout for both the APA2013 and WA2014 events! After Kagoshima, Roy and I continued to Jeju, Korea, the site of the World Aquaculture 2015 (WA2015) meeting in May 2015, which will be a global WAS event and the regional meeting in 2015 for both the Korean and APC Chapters. Roy is serving as Program Chair and I am on the Steering Committee, along with several other APC members. For those who have not been to Jeju, the best way to describe it is as the ‘Asian New Zealand,’ with striking natural features, plenty of opportunities for hiking and camping, great seafood and many new facilities, not least one of the largest aquariums in the world. Just be careful of the “kiss cam” during the Ukrainian water ballet and aquatic mammal performance. And be sure to learn how to dance “Gangnam Style”! As a Chapter we continue to look for ways to improve the benefits of membership for WAS in general and for WAS APC members in particular. We are always open to suggestions, so if you have a good idea, please feel free to contact us at apcwas@was.org or contact your local APC Country Ambassador or APC EAC representative. Throughout our region more people have been joining or rejoining WAS and WAS APC. Several current WAS members who were not also APC members have added APC to their membership. Hopefully, if you are not yet a member of WAS or the APC, all the activities we are doing will encourage you to join. Even if you are a member of WAS already and in a different chapter, it is not too late! You can contact Carol Mendoza at the WAS Home Office (CarolM@was.org) and she can guide you through the procedure to join the APC. This is just a short update of our Chapter activities, if you are in the Asian region and not yet a member of the WAS or APC Chapter please feel free to contact us via our email apcwas@was.org and be sure to visit out website www.was.org/ APC. We know that processing the actual payment for WAS and WAS APC membership can be difficult for some to accomplish, if that is the case for you please look to contact your APC CA or EAC representative who may be able to take a cash payment and process your membership for you with the WAS Home office. Looking forward to an eventful and an exciting 2013 for the WAS and the APC Chapter! — Lukas Manomaitis, President (L-R) Dr. Zaw Moe Myint (APC-Myanmar), Dr. Kevin Fitzsimmons (WAS Past-President, APC lifetime member), Ms. May Myat Noe Lwin (APC-Thailand), Mr. Lukas Manomaitis (APC-Current President) in Myanmar.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 9 WAS Names Three New Fellows At the World Aquaculture Society conference in Prague (AQUA 2012), the Society recognized and presented the WAS Fellows Award to three outstanding individuals. This is one of the Society’s newest awards, which recognizes achievement in the field of aquaculture and service to WAS. Fellows provide additional leadership for the Society, serve as ambassadors, and are working with the Society’s current and past presidents to assist in its growth and development. Fellows of the World Aquaculture Society serve as distinguished colleagues to whom the World Aquaculture Society and its members can look for guidance as global aquaculture evolves. The Fellows Award is presented to WAS members that have made significant contributions to the development of aquaculture itself either as researchers, educators, entrepreneurs, or as extension, outreach or development professionals. In 2012, the WAS Fellows were presented to M.C. Nandeesha, Patrick Sorgeloos and Craig Browdy. • M.C. Nandeesha is extremely well qualified for the award of WAS Fellow. His teaching, research, and development contributions to aquaculture, specifically to the role of women in aquaculture throughout Asia, have been and continue to be immense. Professor Nandeesha has been involved in teaching, research and aquaculture development activities for more than 27 years. He has worked in India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malawi, Guyana, Italy and Belgium. Dr. Nandeesha worked closely with Indian carp farmers to document their innovations and challenges. This effort led to the establishment of a research support unit for farmers in Andhra Pradesh. In Cambodia, he developed aquaculture systems to improve food security and farmer income and initiated a new area of aquaculture development in Cambodia. Professor Nandeesha has over 100 papers published in peer reviewed journals, and numerous other technical papers, workshop proceedings, books and book chapters. Dr. Nandeesha has received numerous awards, including the Gold Medal Award of the Asian Fisheries Society in 2007 and the WAS Honorary Life Member in 1997 — the first Life Member of WAS from a developing country. He also served on the WAS Board of Directors from 20062009. Dr. Nandeesha continues to work closely with the society to promote WAS membership in India and to explore ways to spread knowledge of WAS activities around the world. • Patrick Sorgeloos exemplifies all the qualities indicated in the description of a WAS Fellow: significant contributions to the development of aquaculture in research, education, and through his efforts on behalf of the Society, for which he was recognized as an Honorary Life Member in 2003. Professor Sorgeloos’s distinguished career includes more than 35 years of research in different aspects of the biology and culturing of brine shrimp Artemia, and the aquaculture of fish and shellfish at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center of Ghent University. He has served as the leader of shrimp and fish larviculture projects in Thailand, Philippines, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Ecuador, South Africa, and Egypt. Professor Sorgeloos has served as an advisor for more than 60 University of Ghent Ph.D. candidates from 20 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. Dr. Sorgeloos has authored or co-authored over 300 publications, 5 books, 8 conference proceedings, 17 book chapters, and has been cited almost 5000 times in scholarly publications. In 2003, he received the Honorary Life Member award from the China Society of Fisheries and in 2012 he received that same honor from the European Aquaculture Society at the Prague meeting. Dr. Sorgeloos has served WAS in many capacities, including President in 1999-2000. Most importantly, Dr. Sorgeloos has been an outstanding mentor, educator, and role model for his entire career. He has given freely of his time and expertise on a myriad of levels to students, researchers, colleagues, managers, policy makers and the general public. • Craig Browdy has made substantial contributions to aquaculture in the areas of research, education, technology development, and through many years of service to the World Aquaculture Society. He has used both applied science and innovative technologies to improve production technologies and develop novel approaches to control diseases in shrimp, reduce environmental impacts of aquaculture operations, and develop sustainable feeds. Dr. Browdy served for many years as a scientist with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Assistant Director of the Marine Resources Research Institute and he led the aquaculture section at the Institute’s Waddell Mariculture Research and Development Center. His published work is substantial and includes significant contributions to both basic knowledge and practical applications. Dr. Browdy served as a researcher and educator for seven years at Tel Aviv University in Israel and he has served on both Ph.D. and Master’s thesis committees. As a member of WAS since 1982, Dr. Browdy served in many positions on the Board, including President in 2002-2003, Treasurer and Board member. He also organized special sessions and served on the program or steering committee for six WAS conferences. Dr. Browdy has worked tirelessly as the WAS Managing Book Editor to develop and publish nearly 20 WAS books. Throughout his career, Dr. Browdy has been involved in the development of broad collaborations to integrate basic and applied research to developed applied solutions for the global aquaculture community. Fellows provide additional leadership for the Society, serve as ambassadors, and are working with the Society’s current and past presidents to assist in its growth and development. The Fellows Award is presented to WAS members that have made significant contributions to the development of aquaculture itself either as researchers, educators, entrepreneurs, or as extension, outreach or development professionals.
10 DECEMBER 2012 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG TOP: Zoe Featherstone (left) with supervisor Dr. Mags Crumlish analyzing tilapia blood smears. BOTTOM: Fabiola Lafarga scoring a gel for her EST-SSR work on red abalone. TOP: Parisa Norouzitallab (right) with advisor Dr. Peter Bossier. BOTTOM: Student Spotlight presenters (left to right) Andre Meriac, Carolina de Haro Domínguez, and Parisa Norouzitallab receiving their awards at the AQUA 2012 President’s Reception. STUDENT SPOTLIGHT: Highlighting Student Scholars and Researchers The WAS Student Affairs Committee joined with the European Aquaculture Society Student Group to shine a spotlight on the best abstracts submitted by students for AQUA 2012 in Prague. Each of three students presented a three and a half minute abbreviated version of their full presentation at the wellattended plenary session. The three program co-chairs scored each presentation using the criteria for judging student poster and oral presentations and awarded the winner and the two runners-up with cash prizes. The winner of the Student Spotlight Competition was Parisa Norouzitallab, who is working towards a doctorate degree under the guidance of Dr. Peter Bossier at Ghent University. Parisa’s talk was titled “Pretreatment of Artemia franciscana with a heat shock protein inducer protects against pathogenic Vibrio campbellii.” The other two spotlight presenters were Andre Meriac from Wageningen University in the Netherlands and Carolina de Haro Domínguez from Universidad de Almería in Spain. Andre’s presentation was titled “How do plant protein based diets change COD production and COD/N ratios for denitrification on internal carbon sources in RAS?” Carolina’s talk was called “Nutritive utilization and effect in fish growth and performance of Lucilia sericata meal as an alternative protein source in gilthead seabream.” Four other students were honored at the Prague meeting. The best oral presentation was awarded to Patrik Henriksson, who is studying at Leiden University in the Netherlands, for his talk titled “Towards a practical application of life cycle sustainability analysis (LCSA).” Patrik began undergraduate work in the marine biology program at Lund University in Sweden and completed a bachelor thesis under the guidance of Dr. Jeff Richard at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada. At the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, he was introduced to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a diverse framework for assessing environmental interactions and more commonly recognized by its downsized version, carbon footprinting. His work with LCA modeling has continued with his Ph.D. research at Leiden University, where he is advised by Dr. Jeroen Guinée. The runner-up for best oral presentation was Hyungtaek Jung for his talk titled “Identification of candidate genes and SNPS from 454 GS-FLX transcriptome data and their correlation with individual growth performance in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.” He is currently in the final year of his Ph.D. program at Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Jung’s research interests focus on identification and characterization of candidate genes that influence growth traits in aquatic organisms using NGST approaches. Specifically, he uses RNA-Seq approaches to understand gene function, structure and genetic effects on expressed quantitative trait loci. His research group isolates and identifies SNP markers in growth-related putative genes as potential markers for improving growth performance in improved culture lines. Because little is known currently about (CONTINUED ON PAGE 9) TOP: Patrik Hennriksson (left) reviewing work with his supervisor, Dr. Jeroen Guinée. BOTTOM: Hyungtaek Jung proudly displaying his lab’s next generation sequencing equipment.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 11 At the World Aquaculture Society Conference in Prague (AQUA 2012) our society recognized and presented the Honorary Life Award to a truly outstanding scientist and member of the World Aquaculture Society — Dr. Peter Edwards. The Honorary Life Award represents the highest award of the society and recognizes outstanding achievement in the field of aquaculture. Peter Edwards is respected around the world and particularly in Asia where he has lived, conducted research, and trained aquaculture scientists for more than 30 years. Dr. Edwards served on the WAS Board of Directors from 1998-2001 and presented the keynote paper at the WAS conference in Beijing in 2002. Dr. Edwards has also served on the Technical Advisory Group of Aquaculture without Frontiers for many years. In 1981, Dr. Edwards established the aquaculture program at the Asian Institute of Technology. During his 26-year career at the Asian Institute of Technology, he trained numerous masters and doctoral students who now hold influential positions in government and the private sector in Asia. His students include ministers in Cambodia and Laos, deputy director-generals in Cambodia and Vietnam, university rectors and deans in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, and vice-presidents of large aquaculture companies in Indonesia and Thailand. The B.Sc. degree program that Dr. Edwards established in North Vietnam in the mid-1990s provided trained graduates that led to the recent expansion of aquaculture in northern Vietnam. The focus of Dr. Edwards’s career has been on the development of small-scale aquaculture technologies that are appropriate for the poor in rural communities. An emphasis on wastewaterfed aquaculture led to the development of systems to produce tilapia as a component of livestock and carnivorous fish feed in Southeast Asia. He also worked on the development of low-cost seed and grow-out technologies for small-scale aquaculture and integrated aquaculture-agriculture in Thailand and IndoChina. The impact of this research resulted in a major increase in tilapia production and expansion of tilapia hatcheries in Thailand. Peter Edwards Receives Honorary Life Award Peter Edwards gathering information from a fish-farming family in Bangladesh. Student Spotlight, continued from page 8 growth traits and gene loci affecting growth performance in aquatic organisms, Jung and his associate’s transcriptomic data will provide an invaluable resource for improving our understanding of a species’ genome structure. Zoe Featherstone received the award for best poster, which described “Virulence factors associated with aquatic Streptococcosis.” Zoe has just started the third year of her Ph.D. work at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland. Her research focuses on simultaneous infections of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia under the supervision of Dr. Mags Crumlish and Prof. James Turnbull. She has completed a M.Sc. in Sustainable Aquaculture at the University of Stirling and a B.Sc. in Bioveterinary Science at the University of Liverpool. The second-place award for best poster went to Fabiola Lafarga for her presentation titled “Developlment of EST-SSR molecular markers for red abalone Haliotis rufescens.” Recently, through the support of CONACYT-México and CONICYTChile scholarships programs, she obtained her doctoral degree in Aquaculture from a joint program with three universities in Chile: Universidad de Chile, Universidad Catolica del Norte and Pontificia Universidad de Valparaiso. Fabiola graduated with honors from the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) with a bachelor’s degree in Oceanography. Years later she obtained a master’ degree in Coastal Oceanography supported by a CONACYT-México scholarship. Her graduate studies have involved aquaculture related projects ranging from the production of microalgae for feeding cultivated species to the study and manipulation of genetics to characterize and produce a hybrid between red and Japanese abalone (Haliotis rufescens and H. discus hannai). EDITORS NOTE: This summary of student awards from the WAS conference in Prague was submitted by Dr. Chris Green, Chair of the WAS Student Affairs Committee. Peter Edwards is respected around the world and particularly in Asia where he has lived, conducted research, and trained aquaculture scientists for more than 30 years.
12 DECEMBER 2012 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG John Emil Halver, known throughout the aquaculture world as the “Father of Fish Nutrition,” died suddenly and unexpectedly at his home in Seattle on 24 October at the age of 90. He was born in 1922 in rural Woodinville, Washington. His father was a commercial sherman and then a sawmill superintendent and his mother was a rst-generation Norwegian immigrant. John was raised on the family’s small farm where he sold milk and then raised livestock to pay for his education. Determined to attend university but lacking the funds, he won an agricultural innovation scholarship to Washington State University using his high school chemistry knowledge to duplicate papyrus production with wheat straw. He graduated with a B.S. degree in chemistry, awarded in absentia while on army duty during World War II. Halver enlisted, was promoted to tank commander, and ultimately became platoon leader in the 399th Infantry Combat Team. He spent much of the war in France where his platoon took part in the famous Battle of the Bulge and subsequent warfare through the Siegfried Line to Stuttgart and Augsburg. He was highly decorated with two Bronze Stars for Valor and a Purple Heart. Returning to the USA in 1946, Halver embarked on his graduate education, rst at Purdue University and then at Washington State University, where he received an M.S. degree in organic chemistry. He then enrolled in a Ph.D. program in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington, graduating in 1953 in nutritional biochemistry. His dissertation research involved the development of a vitamin-free, semi-purified test diet for salmon that would support growth and to which vitamins could be added or deleted to establish their nutritional necessity. Others had attempted to do this without complete success. Halver was able to develop and test this diet in short order, so short in fact that his supervisory committee then required him to use the new diet to determine the qualitative requirements for many vitamins before he could graduate. While still a graduate student, Halver was offered a position with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to become Director of the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory, which at that time did not exist. While a new laboratory was being constructed in Cook, Washington, near the Columbia River, he began the fish nutrition research program at the University of Washington in 1950. Over the next 25 years, he and his John Emil Halver (1922-2012) Obituaries H. Rouse Caffey, former Chancellor of the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, was a dear friend of the World Aquaculture Society. He took a personal interest in the Home Office of the WAS. In the late 1980s, the Home Office of the Society was operating in Pleasant Hall on the LSU campus and then in an unoccupied fraternity building. After getting bounced around from place to place, Rouse Caffey stepped in and, according to former Home Office Manager Juliette Massey, said, “Don’t worry, I’ll take care of it.” In his position as Associate Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, he explained the value of WAS to LSU administrators. As a result of Dr. Caffey’s efforts, LSU provided space for WAS in the John Parker Agriculture Center, and the Home Office has been there ever since. Not only did he arrange for the space but also provided resources to renovate and remodel the office. Juliette recalls numerous occasions when Dr. Caffey would drop by the Home Office to visit and offer encouragement. WAS occupied the space rent-free until 2007, thanks to Dr. Caffey’s support. Rouse Caffey was a strong supporter of Louisiana aquaculture. As Associate Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station, he created numerous faculty positions in aquaculture, including those for crawfish culture, feeds and nutrition, genetics and breeding, fish husbandry, agricultural economics, agricultural engineering, fish parasites and diseases, and extension. As Chancellor, he secured a commitment from Governor Edwin Edwards to fund construction, completed in 1992, of a 22,000 ft2 aquaculture research and office building on land owned and managed by LSU near campus. As Chancellor-emeritus Dr. Caffey co-led an aquaculture task force to develop and publish the Louisiana Aquaculture Plan. His support for aquaculture extended beyond Louisiana. Jim Avault, one of the founders of WAS and a past president, accompanied Rouse Caffey on trips to Nicaragua, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, and Belize. Dr. Caffey was keen about the possibility of establishing an off-campus aquaculture research station in Belize. Dr. Caffey was trained as an agronomist and a rice breeder. Early in his career, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, while Superintendent of the LSU Rice Research Station in Crowley, he conducted some early research on the effects of some commonly used rice pesticides on crawfish. H. Rouse Caffey (1929-2012)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2012 13 colleagues at the laboratory in Cook produced a stream of publications that established the nutritional requirements and deficiency signs of fish for vitamins and amino acids. The methods and techniques developed at the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory were subsequently used by others around the world to estimate the nutritional requirements of many species of fish. The facility in Washington was built to conduct research on Pacific salmon fry and fingerlings to support the growing salmon hatchery program in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific salmon spawn in the fall and their eggs hatch in late winter. Therefore, nutritional research using salmon fry and fingerings was seasonal. Further, the laboratory was supplied by relatively cold water that varied in temperature over the growing season. In the late 1950s, Halver set out to find a second research site with a water supply that could support research year-round. He settled on a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Hatchery in Hagerman, Idaho, that had an abundant supply of constant temperature water, and built a new laboratory that used rainbow trout as the test fish for nutritional research. Today, this laboratory is the University of Idaho’s Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station. Although he was involved in a wide range of nutritional and pathological research, Halver’s particular research interest was in the water-soluble vitamins and their de ciency syndromes, with chinook salmon as a model species. Using his test diet, he deleted one vitamin at a time from the diet, added it back in increments, and measured the growth and pathological responses of the fish. He did this for thiamin, ribo avin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, niacin, folic acid, choline, ascorbic acid and vitamin B12. He also de ned the de ciency signs for vitamins A, D, E and K. However, probably his most important work was leading the team that carried out basic research on the toxicity of aflatoxins, derived from Aspergillus fungi, to fish. Aspergillus grows on moldy grains and oilseeds, especially corn and peanuts, and aflatoxins are dangerous to both man and animals. This work was undertaken at the Hagerman Laboratory after a widespread outbreak of hepatocarcinoma in hatchery rainbow trout across the US. There were many theories put forth to explain the cause of the outbreak, but Halver showed that aflatoxins in the diet were the primary cause and that trout were orders of magnitude more sensitive to aflatoxins than rats or other animals. It was for this outstanding work, of importance to all vertebrates, that he was elected in 1978 to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the first sh researcher to be so honored. He also chaired committee that produced the first National Research Council’s bulletin on the nutrient requirements of fish, adding fish to the list of other domestic animals and livestock in the NRC “Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals” series. In 1978, Halver retired from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and became a professor in the College of Fisheries at the University of Washington, where he continued his work on vitamins, showing that new, protected forms of vitamin C cured sh scurvy and reduced mortality from bacterial and viral diseases such as IHN. He also conducted studies on the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane structure and mechanisms involved in preventing fatty acid oxidation, in particular the role of selenium. He continued to work at the University of Washington after his second retirement, becoming an Emeritus Professor in 1992. Although technically retired, he remained active, collaborating with scientists around the world and to travelling to various countries on speaking tours as recently as this year. His last scientific paper, published in 2012 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was entitled “Sphinglomyelin and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) in the malignant transformation of glioma cells and in 2-hydroxyoleic acid therapy.” Clearly his competence in cell biology and biochemistry covered a wide range of topics that went well beyond fish nutrition. Halver also contributed greatly to the development of aquaculture in other countries. In particular, he made a major contribution to the development of the research capacity and commercial industry in Hungary, where he was elected a member of the Hungarian National Academy of Sciences in 1998, and in Thailand, where he collaborated with staff of the National Inland Fisheries Institute for over 20 years, directing the development of their research centers. He was named one of the “Leading Scientists of the World” in 2005 by the International Biographical Centre of Cambridge, England. He was made an Honorary Life Member of WAS in 2009 and received many other honors from many countries. Halver is probably best known around the world for his book “Fish Nutrition,” published in 1972. The book was the standard text on the subject and an essential resource for anyone involved in sh feed formulation, manufacture, or fish nutrition research. A third edition appeared in 2002. Halver also left a rich legacy in terms of training graduate students and interacting with young scientists. He maintained an active correspondence with many researchers literally until the day before he died. He was a dynamic and energetic individual who unhesitatingly spoke up at scientific conferences, pointing out the deficiencies in some research presentations to the dismay of the person being addressed, but more importantly, praising good research. Young scientists receiving such praise years ago remember it vividly to this day and credit Halver for inspiring their careers. Another aspect of his legacy was the establishment of funds at the University of Washington to provide scholarships for graduates students studying fish nutrition and also at Washington State University to support the annual “Halver Lecture” on fish nutrition. Finally Halver enjoyed life. He had a long, happy marriage to his wife Jane that produced five children. In recent years he was occupied with the activities of his numerous grandchildren. Overall, John Halver set the bar for fish nutrition research, bringing solid nutritional biochemistry to the subject and building the foundation for today’s global aquaculture industry by quantifying the nutritional requirements of fish. All fish feed production around the world is based on his pioneering research. — Ronald W. Hardy, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho
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