WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2014 55 Notes James M. Barron, Ron Twibell, Heidi Hill and Ann Gannam, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Longview, WA USA Michael Newsom, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Portland, OR USA. Acknowledgments This project was funded by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Portland, Oregon. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 56) TABLE 4. Mean fatty acid methyl ester (FAME; % total) concentrations in the whole body lipid of steelhead fed various treatment diets for 60 days and in the initial fish. Values given are treatment means ± standard deviation (n=4). Significant values (P<0.05) for fish fed the different diets are identified using different letters across the rows. Fatty Steelhead Commercial Diet Commercial Experimental Experimental Initial Probability Acids Eggs* Hand-Fed Diet* Diet* Diet Red* Fish (P>F) ** 14:00 2.9 ± 0.16 x 4.4 ± 0.07 z 4.5 ± 0.09 z 4.0 ± 0.13 y 4.1 ± 0.10 y 4.8 <0.0001 16:00 15.9 ± 0.21 x 18.6 ± 0.42 z 18.2 ± 0.44 zy 18.1 ± 0.49 zy 17.5 ± 0.47 y 18.7 <0.0001 16:1(ω-7) 4.8 ± 0.17 x 6.0 ± 0.07 z 6.1 ± 0.18 z 5.5 ± 0.17 y 5.3 ± 0.21 y 6.2 <0.0001 16:2(ω-4) 0.34 ± 0.04 x 0.67 ± 0.01 z 0.67 ± 0.02 z 0.54 ± 0.02 y 0.52 ± 0.02 y 0.7 <0.0001 16:3(ω-4) 0.41 ± 0.01 x 0.63 ± 0.01 z 0.64 ± 0.01 z 0.54 ± 0.03 y 0.54 ± 0.02 y 0.6 <0.0001 18:00 4.9 ± 0.16 z 4.5 ± 0.11 y 4.4 ± 0.18 y 4.4 ± 0.11 y 4.4 ± 0.14 y 4.3 0.0018 18:1(ω-9) 14.8 ± 0.14 y 13.9 ± 0.23 x 13.8 ± 0.44 x 16.8 ± 0.41 z 16.8 ± 0.36 z 13.4 <0.0001 18:1(ω-7) 3.1 ± 0.04 y 3.3 ± 0.05 z 3.3 ± 0.10 z 3.3 ± 0.09 z 3.2 ± 0.09 zy 3.3 0.0093 18:2(ω-6) 2.9 ± 0.21 w 4.3 ± 0.09 y 4.1 ± 0.09 x 5.5 ± 0.15 z 5.4 ± 0.15 z 4.5 <0.0001 18:3(ω-3) 0.85 ± 0.01 z 0.79 ± 0.02 y 0.79 ± 0.02 y 0.80 ± 0.01 y 0.84 ± 0.03 z 0.8 0.0006 18:4(ω-3) 0.64 ± 0.03 y 0.90 ± 0.01 z 0.93 ± 0.03 z 0.87 ± 0.02 z 0.90 ± 0.04 z 0.98 <0.0001 20:1(ω-9) 1.5 ± 0.02 z 0.99 ± 0.08 x 1.1 ± 0.13 y 1.4 ± 0.05 z 1.5 ± 0.03 z 1.1 <0.0001 20:4(ω-6) 1.6 ± 0.05 1.6 ± 0.04 1.6 ± 0.05 1.6 ± 0.06 1.5 ± 0.08 1.5 0.1059 20:4(ω-3) 2.1 ± 0.02 z 1.4 ± 0.02 v ?????? 1.4 ± 0.01 w 1.6 ± 0.02 x 1.7 ± 0.02 y 1.5 <0.0001 20:5(ω-3) 8.6 ± 0.08 x 9.8 ± 0.09 y 10.1 ± 0.16 z 8.2 ± 024 w 8.2 ± 0.30 w 10.6 <0.0001 22:5(ω-3) 4.2 ± 0.03 z 3.5 ± 0.07 y 3.4 ± 0.08 x 2.9 ± 0.09 w 3.0± 0.11 w 3.4 <0.0001 22:6(ω-3) 25.3 ± 0.47 z 21.4 ± 0.59 y 20.6 ± 0.65 yx 19.0 ± 0.92 w 19.6 ± 0.83 xw 18.9 <0.0001 Total Saturated1 24.6 ± 0.39 x 28.3 ± 0.59 z 27.9 ± 0.61 z 27.4 ± 0.71 zy 26.8 ± 0.62 y 28.6 <0.0001 Total MUFA2 24.3 ± 0.32 y 24.3 ± 0.08 y 24.6 ± 0.55 y 27.4 ± 0.14 z 27.3 ± 0.15 z 24.4 <0.0001 Total 18-C PUFA3 4.4 ± 0.25 x 6.1 ± 0.04 y 5.9 ± 0.04 y 7.3 ± 0.06 z 7.3 ± 0.19 z 6.3 <0.0001 Total LC-PUFA4 41.9 ± 0.55 z 37.7 ± 0.52 y 37.3 ± 0.59 y 33.6 ± 0.83 x 34.3 ± 0.84 x 35.9 <0.0001 Total ω-65 4.5 ± 0.17 x 6.0 ± 0.02 y 5.9 ± 0.15 y 7.6 ± 0.36 z 7.4 ± 0.34 z 5.9 <0.0001 Total ω-3 41.8 ± 0.46 z 37.7 ± 0.58 y 37.2 ± 0.63 y 33.3 ± 1.14 x 34.2 ± 1.10 x 36.2 <0.0001 ω-3:ω-6 9.3 ± 0.44 z 6.3 ± 0.09 y 6.4 ± 0.20 y 4.4 ± 0.35 x 4.6 ± 0.35 x 6.1 <0.0001 DHA:EPA 3.0± 0.06 z 2.2 ± 0.08 x 2.0 ± 0.08 w 2.3 ± 0.06 yx 2.4 ± 0.09 y 1.8 <0.0001 EPA:ARA 5.2 ± 0.14 y 6.0 ± 0.17 z 6.3 ± 0.24 z 5.2 ± 0.09 y 5.4 ± 0.27 y 7.2 <0.0001 1 Also includes 12:0, 15:0, 17:0, and 21:0 2 Also includes 14:1(ω-5), 17:1, 22:1(ω-9), and 24:1(ω-9) 3 Also includes 18:3(ω-6), and 18:3(ω-4) 4 Also includes 20:2(ω-6), and 20:3(ω-6) 5Also includes 18:3(ω-6), 20:2(ω-6), and 20:3(ω-6) * indicates the diet was fed using the underwater feeder ** Probability (P>F) of treatment differences as determined by ANOVA In considering every aspect of stream enrichment, the use of egg analogs should be tested to evaluate their potential to add to the nutrient base for stream salmonids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential egg analogs for their acceptance and suitability when offered to juvenile steelhead O. mykiss.
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