56 MARCH 2014 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG References AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Communities). 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA. Ashton, H.J., D.O. Farkvam and B.E. March. 1993. Fatty acid composition of lipids in the eggs and alevins from wild and cultured Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 50:648-655. Bilby, R.E., B.R. Fransen, P.A. Bisson and J.K. Walter. 1998. Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 55:1909-1918. Buterbaugh, G.L. and H. Willoughby. 1967. A feeding guide for brook, brown, and rainbow trout. Progressive Fish Culturist 29:210-215. Cederholm, C.J., M.D. Kunze, T. Murota and A. Sibatani. 1999. Pacific Salmon Carcasses: Essential contributions of nutrients and energy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Fisheries 24:615. Gresh, T., J. Lichatowich and P. Schoonmaker. 2000. An estimate of historic and current levels of salmon production in the Northeast Pacific ecosystem: Evidence of a nutrient deficit in the freshwater systems of the Pacific Northwest. Fisheries 25:15-21. Higgs, D.A., J.S. MacDonald, C.D. Levings and B.S. Dosanjh. 1995. Nutrition and feeding habits in relation to life history stage. Pages 159-315. In: C. Groot, L. Margolis and W.C. Clarke, editors. Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon. UBC Press, Vancouver, BC. Jauquet, J., N. Pittman, J.A. Heinis, S. Thompson, N. Tatyama and J. Cederholm. 2003. Observations of chum salmon consumption by wildlife and changes in water chemistry at Kennedy Creek during 1997-2000. In: J. Stockner, editor. Nutrients in salmonid ecosystems: Sustaining production and biodiversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34, Proceedings of the 2001 Nutrient Conference Restoring Nutrients to Salmonid Ecosystems, Eugene OR. April 2426, 2001. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA. Johnson, J.H. and N.H. Ringler. 1979. Predation on Pacific salmon eggs by salmonids in a tributary of Lake Ontario. Great Lakes Research 5:177-181. Johnson, J.H. 1981. Predation on the eggs of steelhead trout by stream salmonids in a tributary of Lake Ontario. Progressive Fish-Culturist 43:36-37. Kohler, A.E., A.R. Rugenski and D. Taki. 2008. Stream food web response to a salmon carcass analogue addition in two central Idaho, U.S.A. streams. Freshwater Biology 53:446-460. Larkin, G.A. and P.A. Slaney. 1997. Implications of trends in marinederived nutrient influx to South Coastal British Columbia salmonid production. Fisheries 22:16-24. Pauley, G.B., B. Bortz, M. Shepard. 1986. Biological Report, National Wetlands Research Center. 82 (11.82). Sargent, J.R. 1995. Origins and functions of egg lipids: Nutritional implications. Pages 353-372. In: N.R. Bromage and R.J. Roberts, editors. Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality. Blackwell Science, University Press, Cambridge, UK. Sargent, J., L. McEvoy, A. Estevez, G. Bell, M. Bell, J. Henderson, D. Tocher. 1999. Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development: current status and future directions. Aquaculture 179:217-229. Scheuerell, M.D., P.S. Levin, R.W. Zabel, J.G. Williams and B.L. Sanderson. 2005. A new perspective on the importance of marine-derived nutrients to threatened stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 62:961-964. Shapovalov, L. and A.C. Taft. 1954. The life histories of the steelhead rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri gairdneri) and silver salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with special reference to Waddell Creek, California, and recommendations regarding their management. State of California Department of Fish and Game. Fish Bulletin No. 98. Simpson, W.S., B.M. Kennedy and K.G. Ostrand. 2009. Seasonal foraging and piscivory by sympatric wild and hatchery-reared steelhead from an integrated hatchery program. Environmental Biology of Fishes 86:473-482. Stockner, J.G. 2003. Nutrients in salmonid ecosystems: Sustaining production and biodiversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34, Proceedings of the 2001 Nutrient Conference Restoring Nutrients to Salmonid Ecosystems, Eugene OR. April 2426, 2001. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA. Stradmeyer, L., N.B. Metcalfe and J.E. Thorpe. 1988. Effect of food pellet shape and texture on the feeding response of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 73:217-228. Stradmeyer, L. 1989. A behavioral method to test responses of fish to pelleted diets. Aquaculture 79:303-310.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=