WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 17 (CONTINUED ON PAGE 18) Thailand and Vietnam. Only seven hatchery companies have been issued permits to import SPF marine shrimp broodstock. After the introduction of Pacific white shrimp farming in 2004, production peaked at 87,202 t in 2010, consisting of 69,084 t of Pacific white shrimp and 18,118 t of black tiger shrimp from 7,000 ha of ponds. Since then, production of both species has been on the decline due to various disease outbreaks, including WSSV, early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), and more recently the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). Although Pacific white shrimp dominates current production, groups of farmers are producing black tiger shrimp to supply live shrimp markets locally and regionally (Singapore and China). The impetus to farm black tiger shrimp is related to the presence of three large hatchery operators producing post-larvae using high-health broodstock from Madagascar and Hawaii. The estimated production was 5,000 t in 2016. With regards to farming technology, Malaysian producers adopt practices common in the region: intensive farming of Pacific white shrimp with no exchange of pond water and partial harvesting. Shrimp are cultured throughout the year and most farmers obtain 2-2.5 crops. There have been some recent changes as farmers combat EMS and EHP. A new system of farming in clearwater systems with large exchange rate of water was introduced with some success. Otherwise farms continue with almost no exchange of water to avoid the introduction of diseases. Some farms have reduced stocking densities from 120 PL/m2 to 80 PL/m2, although others have increased stocking rate to 200 PL/m2. The shift towards farming black tiger shrimp may show in the coming years. In addition to slightly better tolerance to EMS, the black tiger shrimp strain imported from Madagascar has adapted well to high-density farming of about 70 PL/m2 and frequently Harvest of Pacific white shrimp at 58/kg from a shrimp farm. Integrated Shrimp Aquaculture Park (iSHARP) Farm, Blue Archipelago has 260 culture ponds. Picture credit, BAB. The hatchery at the Integrated Shrimp Aquaculture Park (iSHARP) Farm, Blue Archipelago. Picture credit, BAB. Some of the 260 ponds at the Integrated Shrimp Aquaculture Park (iSHARP) Farm, Blue Archipelago, in Terengganu. Picture credit, BAB. View of the Integrated Shrimp Aquaculture Park (iSHARP) Farm, Blue Archipelago with 260 culture ponds. Picture credit, BAB.
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