VOLUME 48, NUMBER 2 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY JUNE 2017 W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. P: +1-225-578-3137; F: +1-225-578-3493; Email: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2016-2017 Juan Pablo Lazo, President Rebecca Lochmann, Immediate Past President William Daniels, President-Elect Wendy Sealey, Treasurer Jennifer Cobcroft, Secretary DIRECTORS Zuridah O. Merican Carole R. Engle Kathleen Hartman Patricia Moraes-Valenti Darryl E. Jory Antonio Garza de Yta CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Endhay Kontara, Asian Pacific David Cline, USAS Lorenzo Juarez, Latin America and Caribbean Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@aol.com MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2014, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 48 NO. 2 JUNE 2017 Cover: Feeding frenzy of red Nile tilapia cultured in cages in Malaysia. See story on page 16. Photo: Abdullah Rahim, UPM. 9 Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 9 2016 Best Paper Awards of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 11 In Defense of Scholarly Publications — Looking Back Before Lurching Forward Sandra E. Shumway 12 A Conversation with Barry Costa-Pierce Rodrigue Yossa 15 Planning Update for APA17 16 Transforming the Aquaculture Industry in Malaysia Mohd Fariduddin Othman, Mazuki Hashim, Yeo Moi Eim, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, Natrah Iksan, Ho Gim Chong and Zuridah Merican 25 Large-Scale Biofloc Tank Culture of Tilapia in Malawi – a Technical Success Story Ray Kourie 30 A New Paradigm for Managing Shrimp Feeding Carter Ullman, Melanie Rhodes, Terry Hanson, David Cline and D. Allen Davis 37 Effect of Two Zooplankton Feeding Regimens on Development of Early Larval Stages of Orange-Spotted Grouper Omer M. Yousif, K. Krishnakumar, V. Balamurgan and Hozifa A. Sagir 41 Recent Advances in Breeding and Seed Production of Groupers in Indonesia Ketut Sugama and Isti Koesharyani 47 Mud Crab Aquaculture and Fisheries in Coastal Bangladesh Md. Mojibar Rahman, M. Ashraful Islam, Shahroz Mahean Haque and Abdul Wahab 54 Successful Breeding of Sahar Tor putitora in Sub-tropical Nepal Subhash K. Jha, Jay D. Bista, Narayan P. Pandit, Madhav K. Shrestha and James S. Diana 61 Expanding Cage Culture in Reservoirs: An Initiative Toward the Second Blue Revolution in India U.K. Sarkar, A.K. Das, P. Mishal, Vikash Kumar and G. Karnataka 65 Developing Low-Cost Fish Feeds in Andaman and Nicobar Islands T. Sivaramakrishnan, Baby Shalini, K. Saravanan, R. Kiruba Sankar, Benny Varghese and S. Dam Roy (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 JUNE 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column Sadly this will be my last column as I approach the end of my term as President of the Society. Like most nice things, everything comes to an end. I must reflect upon the achievements of WAS during my term and evaluate whether we have made progress toward my proposed objectives of being the leading, high-profile and most important aquaculture society in the world, with a strong commitment to promoting the development of sustainable aquaculture across the five continents by assisting in the exchange of the latest scientific and technological information among academic, private, government and non-profit sectors. I thank all WAS members for entrusting me with the leadership of our Society, and I am grateful to our staff and governing board members for their tireless efforts on behalf of the organization. I am happy to announce that we have just finished our yearly election process and now have new officers coming onto the Board. Rebecca Lochmann was in charge of the process and I would like to recognize her professionalism in overseeing the candidate selection and election process. I would like to welcome and congratulate our new President-elect Dr. Maria Celia Portella (Brazil), our re-elected Treasurer Dr. Wendy Sealey (USA), and two new Directors, Dr. Humberto Villareal (México) and Dr. Michael Denson (USA). I am sure that they will do a splendid job to further promote the objectives of WAS. I strongly encourage our incoming Board members to be proactive in all their activities and committees. As you all may know, for the first time in history we are organizing our annual international conference in Africa. It will be held in June and co-hosted by the Aquaculture Association of Southern Africa and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of South Africa (DAFF). One of the priorities for the WAS Board has been to strongly encourage the formation of a WAS African chapter and consolidate its formation and membership during the World Aquaculture 2017 Conference in Cape Town. We have received commitments from South Africa’s Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the African Union (NEPAD) to support a secretariat for an African chapter. I would like to personally thank Bill Daniels, Kevan Main and Khalid Salie for taking the lead in the chapter’s formation. There is a tremendous potential for aquaculture development in Africa. Africa is second only to Asia in the importance of fish in people’s diet. On average, 22 percent of total animal protein intake in Africa is from fish, but in some parts of Africa it represents up to 50 percent of total intake. Unfortunately, as is the case in many other regions of the world, African fisheries are overexploited. Aquaculture in Africa has to grow by more than 250 percent by 2020 to meet the increasing demand. Thus, the only logical and sustainable way to meet the increasing demand is aquaculture production. A special session has been organized at World Aquaculture 2017 to review the status, growth potential and risk profiles of African aquaculture venues, with a emphasis on the amounts and types of capital needed to help the sector produce revenues, jobs and fish products. Hopefully our aquaculture conference will help in meeting the objectives of food security and poverty alleviation throughout the continent. As part of our commitment to improve our Society’s governance, the Board is considering changing the terms of some officers to improve continuity of operations across administrations. You will soon be hearing from an ad hoc committee that includes our PastPresidents on the proposed changes. There was an urgent need to improve the quality of our scientific journal. Although we have made enormous progress, WAS is still focusing on the process of reinvigorating the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (JWAS). We continue to encourage scientists and students to choose JWAS for publication of their highest quality research. Congratulations are extended to the authors for receiving the 2016 Best Paper Awards in JWAS. A rigorous and comprehensive expert peer reviews process is at the heart of the quality of scientific journals. Thus, WAS would like to thank all who contributed to the peer review process during this past year, and we encourage all those invited to review to take the time to contribute their academic expertise to improving the quality of our journal through constructive feedback to submitting authors. A recent editorial by Section Editor Lou D’Abramo (JWAS 48(2):183185) discusses the professional responsibility, recognition, and benefits of serving as a peer reviewer. Don’t forget to keep up with the latest JWAS publications by visiting onlinelibrary.wiley.com, and make sure to keep up with the latest Editor’s Choice papers for each issue, Special Virtual Issues, and other news on Facebook (www.facebook.com/ JWrldAquaSoc/) and Twitter (twitter.com/JWrldAquaSoc). As part of one of the many programs offered by WAS to its Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Korean Chapter Report 6 USAS Chapter Report 7 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 8 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Advertiser’s Index 72 Membership Application (CONTINUED ON PAGE 72)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 3 Editor’s Note One of the more thoughtful voices shaping discussion of fisheries and aquaculture in the public sphere in the US is Paul Greenberg. The author and fisherman is perhaps best known for his book Four Fish that tells the story of fish that Americans are overeating: cod, salmon, bass and tuna. The PBS Frontline documentary series recently aired a film by Paul called The Fish on My Plate about his year of eating fish every day. At the core of the piece was the question of what fish should I eat that’s good for me and also good for the planet? The film was based on the forthcoming book The Omega Principle about omega-3 fatty acids and how the health of the oceans is connected with personal health. The documentary is about Paul’s journey and exploration of the subject during the year of his self-imposed diet. It first took him to Peru to examine the anchoveta reduction fisheries. The piece raised questions about whether the fishery is being properly managed under pressure from the fishing companies. Salmon farming, which is given tough scrutiny throughout the film, is credited for driving the development of the fishmeal industry. Incidentally, the recommended daily dose of omega-3 fatty acids is equivalent to the fillets of two anchovies. The documentary dedicated inordinate attention to salmon farming, although this is understandable because Greenberg’s frame is that of an engaged and concerned American consumer, the main audience for the documentary. There was no mention of the current role of fish produced in aquaculture for the food security of many millions in developing countries around the world, no discussion of freshwater aquaculture, and scant mention of shrimp. Paul called farmed salmon the “poster fish for today’s industry.” The documentary sets up the controversy around salmon farming by juxtaposing separate visits and interviews with Per Grieg, head of one of the five families that controls the salmon industry, and the eco-warrier Kurt Oddekalv. Per said that the “NGOs are vocal and clever with media” and that they have “influence on politicians and politics in Norway.” Kurt showed off his “feces theater” documenting waste solids accumulation beneath net pens with video cameras. The troublesome issues were clearly identified as escaped salmon that mixes with wild fish populations, sea lice, and overall pollution. Greenberg acknowledges that Norway’s salmon farmers have been improving, choosing better sites and limiting ecological damage and becoming less wasteful and polluting. With selective breeding, better feeds and improved farming techniques, salmon farming has become more efficient. Greenberg highlighted some of the technical advances in salmon farming, including using fish processing waste trimmings, filtering POPs from fish oil, using astaxanthin from Paracoccus carotinafaciens bacteria, no chemical or antibiotic use, reducing density, and placing columns of artificial seaweed in net pens as refuge for lumpsuckers for sea lice control. The former CEO of Aquabounty, Elliot Entis, thinks all salmon farming should be done on land. He extolled the benefits of the GMO salmon developed by the company, including growth to market size in half the time, 25 percent improvement in feed conversion, and greater ability to use plant-based feeds. In one of the more interesting points raised by the film, Greenberg uses salmon as an example of how aquaculture can increase the demand for wild fish by selling more farmed fish, running counter to the common narrative that aquaculture can take pressure off of wild stocks. He cites what happened to the Alaskan salmon industry, which was battered by competition from farmed salmon in the early 2000s but changed and adapted. Salmon that were once canned are now processed into fillets. Alaska also ramped up smolt releases so now one in three salmon come from hatcheries. The Alaska industry is back and demand for wild salmon is as high as ever. In general, the documentary presents the issue of consumer choice and the role of aquaculture with appropriate subtlety and discrimination. Greenberg urges viewers not to focus on comparing wild with farmed fish but on comparing fish protein to other forms of protein. He clearly affirms that meeting protein needs through aquaculture is better for our personal health and the planet than eating more beef, pork or poultry. The documentary was also valuable for the way it distinguished different forms of aquaculture, a message that is often lost in media coverage of aquaculture. Greenberg extolled the virtues of extractive aquaculture in a segment on kelp and mussel farming, recommending that consumers start by choosing bivalves and other “zero-input foods” that “make the sea better while they feed us.” Greenberg advocates for forms of aquaculture that contribute to a net gain in the global fish supply. After a year of eating fish, Greenberg’s proportion of omega-3 fatty acid content was about 10 percent, or twice that of the average American. However, his blood pressure, triglyceride level, cholesterol level, and ratio of good to bad cholesterol were unchanged. Associated with his diet, Greenberg had elevated mercury levels that likely canceled out any benefit of omega-3 consumption. These unexpected results left Greenberg with a sense of uncertainty and surprise. In the end, his message was one of moderation and balance, of farming and fishing, of eating those farmed fish that are better for the planet, and of eating fish regularly but not every day. Implicit in the piece was the idea that future supplies of fish to feed an expanding global population will come from the oceans. No doubt extractive mariculture will play an important role in getting food from the sea, but it is difficult to see how expansion of the marine finfish sector can proceed widely and to a scale that will contribute significantly to the global supply of foodfish. Greenberg’s piece ignores the role of freshwater aquaculture in providing the majority of future foodfish supplies, thereby relieving some pressure on the oceans. Nonetheless, Greenberg’s uncertainty and equivocation were valuable in presenting a complex subject to the public. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Aquaculture and “The Fish on My Plate”
4 JUNE 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS The Wando Seaweed Expo 2017 The second Wando Seaweed Expo successfully ran on an island off the country’s southwest coast, Wando Port in Jeollanam-do, for 24 days from April 14 to May 7. Exhibitions, hands-on programs, international academy events, and more were held. With topics that included seaweed, dried laver, kelp and other marine plants, the expo served as an interactive venue for sharing information and technology with marine plant-related corporations under the theme “Discovery of the Future Life, Seaweed.” The fair was a success, with a total of 93,750 visitors. Foreign trade contracts were signed with 13 countries worrth 60 billion Won (about US$ 54 million) and achievement of 33 billion Won (about US$ 30 million) export consultation through one-to-one matching with buyers from 37 countries. Various workshops and forums were held during the expo to discuss new technologies and the latest research on seaweed farming and management of coastal ecosystems. Sustainable Seaweed Industry for Blue Carbon Conference An international conference on “Sustainable Seaweed Industry for Blue Carbon,” was held at the Wando Oneness Resort, Korea, organized by Korea Algae Industry Development Association (President, Prof. Chang-Hoon Kim, Pukyong National University) from 14-18 April. There were approximately 150 participants from 18 countries. Prof. Alejandro H. Buschmann (Centro i-mar & CeBiB, Univ. de Los Lagos, Chile) opened the conference with his keynote speech on “Seaweed used for inorganic extraction on Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA): Recent developments and challenges.” The second keynote lecture entitled “Development of large-scale ocean test-beds for sustainable marine microalgal biomass production” was presented by Prof. Choul-Gyun Lee (Inha Univ., Korea). There were seven sessions, one workshop and a Grand Seminar on prospects for sustainable seaweed aquaculture. The first full day session on IMTA was chaired by Prof. Jang Kyun Kim (Incheon National Univ., Korea). Dr. Stephen F. Cross (Geography Department, Univ. of Victoria, BC, Canada) spoke on “The environmental and socio-economic benefits of seaweeds/kelp in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture systems,” Prof. José A. Zertuche-González (Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, México) on “Development of seaweed cultivation, offshore and inshore, to support integrated aquaculture in Mexico,” Dr. Muki Spiegel (Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Israel) on “Israel oceanographic and limnological research, National Center for Mariculture,” Dr. Rui Pedro Gonçalves Pereira (ALGAplus Ltd. Travessa Alexandre da Conceição, Portugal) on “Commercial cultivation of IMTA seaweeds in Portugal,” Prof. Gamze Turan (Ege Univ., Turkey) on “Sustainable seaweed aquaculture and its potential in Turkey,” Prof. Peimin He (Shanghai Ocean Univ., China) on “Nutrient uptake by Gracilaria aquaculture for IMTA in enclosed waters,” Mr. Bren Smith (GreenWave Organization, USA) on “IMTA: Economic benefits and challenges in America,” Prof. Sang Rul Park (Jeju National Univ., Korea) on “A comparison of the bioremediation potential of five seaweed species in an integrated fish–seaweed aquaculture system,” Prof. Jang Kyun Kim (Incheon National Univ., Korea) on “Development of an effective IMTA system for Korean waters,” Prof. Dohoon Kim (Pukyong National Univ., Korea) on “Assessing the economic values of IMTA in Korea,” and Prof. Chang-Hoon Kim (Pukyong National Univ., Korea) on “Possible application of the polychaete-assisted integrated culture for IMTA development.” The second session “Seaweed solutions as mitigation and adaptation measures in the context of climate change” was chaired by Prof. Ik Kyo Chung (Pusan National Univ., Korea). Prof. Jiaping Wu (Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang Univ., China) on “Opportunities for Blue Carbon strategies in China,” Dr. Alecia Bellgrove (Deakin Univ., Australia) on “Sustainable nutrition solutions using Australian seaweeds,” and Prof. Grevo Gerung (Sam Ratulangi Univ., Indonesia) on “Gelidium indonesianum and some species of seaweed: solutions to climate change.” Other sessions “Seaweed aquaculture” chaired by Dr. Eun Kyoung Hwang (National Institute of Fisheries Science, Korea), “Microalgae” co-chaired by Profs. Man Gi Cho (Dongseo Univ., Korea) and Choul-Gyun Lee (Inha Univ., Korea), “Maintenance of marine forest” chaired by Prof. Chang-Hoon Kim, and “Algal disease and invasive species” co-chaired by Profs. Kwang Young Kim (Chonnam National Univ., Korea) and Prof. Gwang Hoon Kim (Kongju National Univ., Korea) were open during the conference. The special workshop “The Asian Network of Algae as Mitigation and Adaptation Measures (ANAMAM) and Carbon Zero Seaweed Town (CØST)” under the theme of climate change adaptation and seaweeds was moderated by Profs. Jin Ae Lee (Inje Univ., Korea), Put O. Ang, Jr. (The Chinese Univ. Hong Kong, HK, China) and Prof. Ik Kyo Chung. Mr. Noah Deich (Center for Carbon Removal, USA) participated with his video presentation on “Seaweed as a negative emissions climate solution.” The ANAMAM and CØST were initiated at the conference by participants. All participants visited local seaweed processing companies and the Wando Seaweed Expo. The KOSFAS 2017 Annual Conference The annual conference of the Korean Societies of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (KOSFAS) was held at the College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University in Tongyeong, Gyeongnam Province. Three keynote speeches were presented by Mr. S.-J. Kim (Adjunct Prof. Dept. of Economics, Seoul National Univ., Former Minister of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries) on “The way of globalization: Importance of fisheries science and technology,” Dr. C.-R. Ryu on “The 4th industrial revolution and fisheries science technology - Future of industry,” and Dr. M.J. Meong on “Future industrialization of the aquaculture industry.” Three concurrent sessions of “Resources/Fisheries/Environment,” “Aquaculture and Biotechnology” and “Seafood Processing” were held. Policy debate on improvement of fisheries safety management system under the theme of future policy directions for safe aquatic products against climate Korean Chapter
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 5 change was discussed at the special session of “Directions and tasks for future industrialization of aquaculture industry.” The Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), KOSFAS and the Korean Food and Drug Administration organized a special seafood industry workshop – “Strategies for future value creation of the seafood industry” – on the direction and tasks for future industrialization of aquaculture industry. Special Program for Algerian Shellfish Fishermen and Scientists Algerian fishermen and scientists came to Pukyong National University to learn Korean shellfish culture techniques. Pukyong National University announced a process of strengthening the industrialization capacity of Algeria’s fisheries industry. The fourweek training was conducted jointly by Pukyong National University International Fisheries Cooperation Center, Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and NIFS for four weeks. Twelve fishermen participated, including eight Algerian shellfish farmers and four scientists in the training course of shellfish culture technology. Algeria is the second largest coastal state in Africa, with the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The training program was designed to support the 2025 long-term fisheries development plan for fisheries development in Algeria. Celebration of the Fifth Marine Arbor Day Official Fifth Marine Arbor Day events were held at Wando, Seoul, Seosan, Busan, Yeosu, Tongyeong, Yangyang, Ulleung, and Jeju. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries commemorated the 10th of May as the Marine Arbor Day to restore damaged coastal ecosystems by planting seaweeds and to inspire public interest in the importance of marine ecosystems. The Korean government has been working on sea planting events since 2009. By 2016, 12,208 ha of ocean forests at 111 locations along the Korean coast were established. This year 3,043 ha of ocean forest will be created. By 2030, 54,000 ha of ocean forests will be built to make a successful case for sea planting. The 10th Joint Committee Meeting of Korea-US Aquaculture Sector The National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) of the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries and US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) held the 10th joint committee meeting at the East Sea Fisheries Research Institute. During the panel meeting, indepth discussion was held on joint research results from 2016 to 2017, the selection of joint research projects for 2018, and the main concerns of both countries. The projects to be implemented in 2018 will address the fisheries policies of both countries, including sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, eco-friendliness and food safety. Four topics were selected: 1) development of coldwater fishculture technology, 2) study of feed with low fishmeal content, 3) development of Japanese amberjack aquaculture technology, and 4) shellfish culture techniques. The Korea-US Maritime Science and Technology Cooperation Program has been carrying out detailed cooperative projects since 2001 and holds joint seminars on aquaculture technology development every other year, joint research, exchange of scientists, and expert training. In addition, after 2019, they will promote scientist exchange and joint research with experts on the development of automation and mechanization technology for the sustainable development of fisheries policies in the two countries. Development of a Biofloc Aquaculture System with a Micro-Air Supply Pipe The National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) has developed a biofloc aquaculture system with a micro-air supply pipe that is simple in structure and easy to operate, and has applied for a patent. To grow aquaculture organisms efficiently with biofloc, it is necessary to mix and to disperse microorganisms and organic matter evenly in the water by continuous aeration. The Inland Fisheries Research Institute succeed in complete mixing of water by placing a micro-air supply pipe at the tank center. In particular, if the farm has indoor water tanks, it can be easily installed at a cost of one tenth of existing biofloc farms and by using air to raise the flow of water, increases the efficiency of biofloc to improve fish growth and feeding efficiency. An official from the West Sea Fisheries Research Institute indicated that they have been able to effectively reduce nitrite concentration by using nitrite-decomposing bacteria that have been successfully isolated and mass cultured to maintain water quality in biofloc tanks. — Ik Kyo Chung, President CHAPTER REPORTS
6 JUNE 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG NEW BOOK IN THE WAS ONLINE STORE Design and Operation of Super-Intensive Biofloc-Dominated Systems for the Production of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei — The Texas A&M AgriLife Research Experience. Editors: Tzachi M. Samocha, David I. Prangnell, Terrill R. Hanson, Granvil D. Treece, Timothy C. Morris, Leandro F. Castro and Nick Staresinic. Available for download only. ISBN: 9781888807233 U.S. Aquaculture Society I am very excited by the opportunity to serve as President of the United States chapter of the World Aquaculture Society. It is an honor to serve a chapter with so many great members representing academia, industry, government, extension and more. Diversity of membership is part of what makes an organization strong. As of 17 February 2017, the US chapter had 1032 members, making it the largest of the WAS chapters. Based on self-identification, USAS members represent research (40 percent), government (20 percent), academia (15 percent), extension (15 percent), producers (5 percent) and industry suppliers (5 percent). The chapter could not function without the selfless dedication and expertise of the executive committee, including Gef Flimlin (Past President), Dave Straus (President-elect), Angela Caporelli (VicePresident), Matt Parker (Secretary Treasurer), and Board Members Allen Pattillo, Eric PEatman, Susan Laramore and Bill Walton. The student liaison is Carter Ullman. The chapter also functions well due to the efforts of the WAS Home Office staff and the 30+ members who volunteer to serve on committees. If you are interested in how the chapter operates, I encourage you to get involved with a committee or communicate with the Board of Directors. I would like to extend a special thanks to Gef Flimlin and Mike Denson, who have been wonderful mentors, and President-elect Dave Straus, whose expert organizational skills are helping to keep things running smoothly. The 2017 meeting in San Antonio was an unqualified great success, with almost 1900 attendees representing 57 countries. It was also one of the largest trade shows, with 187 vendor booths. The success of the meeting keeps the chapter in good financial health. Members and trade show sponsors were happy with the venue and plans are underway to return there in 2021. Angela Caporelli did a wonderful job of wrangling judges for the student abstracts and presentations and coordinating with sponsors for the various awards. With the help of our generous sponsors, USAS was able to provide more than $12,500 for student awards. Please go out of your way to thank the sponsors and vendors as you encounter them, as they are an important part of meeting sustainability. I would also like to encourage any students reading this to apply for the awards that are detailed on the USAS web site (usaquaculture. org/student-awards). It is important for students to be members of USAS at the time they send in their abstracts in order to be eligible for awards and make sure to submit them by the deadline, which is several months before the meeting. Last year, USAS collaborated with the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center and the National Aquaculture Association to develop and deliver 15 excellent webinars on various aquaculture topics. Links to these webinars can be found in the continuing education section of the USAS web site. With the help of Allen Pattillo and Gef Flimlin, we plan to produce several more webinars in the coming months. If you have ideas for important topics and know a willing presenter, please share that information with us. The USAS feels so strongly that continuing education opportunities provide such a considerable benefit to our members that the continuing education committee is developing two pre-meeting workshops for the Aquaculture America conference in Las Vegas next year. Last year’s pre-meeting workshops drew more than 100 attendees who were able to deepen their knowledge of water quality thanks to Dr. Claude Boyd and others. In addition, a new (to USAS) LEAN Aquaculture workshop demonstrated LEAN concepts that will help any company or organization develop standard practices, reduce waste and improve quality. The Las Vegas meeting will feature a statistics workshop organized by Steve Rawles and Dave Strauss and an innovative aquaponics workshop developed by Allen Pattillo and Janelle Hager. These workshops are offered to USAS members at a substantial discount and are a splendid way to network while learning. In an effort to increase our communication among USAS members, Bill Walton and the social networking committee have been recruiting a social media intern to provide a student or earlycareer aquaculture professional the opportunity to connect with other aquaculture professionals and help enhance and diversify the social media presence of the USAS. If you have news or would like to spotlight U.S. regional perspectives or species, student research, aquaculture organization activities or other pertinent U.S. aquaculture tidbits please contact Bill. Thank you for allowing me the opportunity to lead USAS. I welcome input on how the chapter can better serve the society, the members and the aquaculture community. — David Cline, President CHAPTER REPORTS
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 7 CHAPTER REPORTS I am happy to report that in the recent WAS election our very own LACC past president, Prof. Maria Celia Portella from Brazil was elected to be the incoming President-elect of WAS. Also, Dr. Humberto Villareal from Mexico was elected as a WAS Director. Maria Celia and Humberto are two of the most highly regarded aquaculture academics in Latin America and they represent a tribute to the relevance of our Chapter and to the international nature of WAS. I am sure they will make many positive contributions to our Society and our Chapter. Please join me at congratulating them for their election. LACC will soon also have elections. This year we will be electing a new President, Treasurer, and one Director. Please forward nominees for those posts to Past-President Antonio Garza (agarza@crm-agc.com) by August because the election needs to be to be finalized by October, ahead of our upcoming LACQUA17 Mazatlán conference. Our chapter operates thanks to a system based on the enthusiastic work of its officers, directors, committee members, secretariat, home office staff, and involved members. Board members work on a voluntary basis and have regular and demanding jobs. Serving on the board represents a significant commitment of time and effort for which I thank our esteemed present and future board members. As I write these lines I am finishing preparations to attend World Aquaculture 2017 in Cape Town, South Africa, scheduled for June 26-30. As you know this will be the first such conference in Africca and will involve countries throughout the continent and around the world. The convention is a culmination of efforts started during my term as WAS President in 2009 with the establishment of an agreement of affiliation with the Aquaculture Association of South Africa. This conference constitutes a further step towards internationalization of our society and towards the broader participation of WAS in Africa. Aquaculture is rapidly growing in Africa and is increasingly being integrated into the continent’s food systems. Celebrating our conference there highlights the great potential that aquaculture holds for improving food security. I hope to see many of you in Cape Town and I am sure the conference will be a great success. Another interesting conference will take place later this year. We are well-advanced with preparations for our Latin American and Caribbean Aquaculture convention, LACQUA17, scheduled for November 8-10, in Mazatlán, Mexico. This convention is attracting a lot of attention because of the beautiful beach destination, excellent convention facilities, and high quality and relevance of the program. I hear most of the trade show booths have been already sold and registration is now open at the WAS website. Please register early to secure a place. There will be a robust producer’s program and we are trying a few innovative things for this convention. While in Mazatlán take the opportunity to tour the extensive shrimp hatchery and farming operations around the area. At the membership meeting during the Mazatlán convention, I will be passing the LACC presidency torch to now President-elect, Prof. Luis Andre Sampaio from Brazil. On the topic of conferences, the board of LACC recently approved motions to pursue negotiations and planning for future annual conferences, LACQUA18 and LACQUA19 in Bogotá, Colombia and San José, Costa Rica, respectively. We will keep you informed of progress on these exciting venues, as well as to longer-term planning for possible conferences in Chile and in the Caribbean in the years to come. I want to finish by reminding members to visit our updated website: www.was.org/LACC/en/portal.aspx, and by reminding you that World Aquaculture magazine is translated to Spanish and available to members free of charge at the site. Also, all members are encouraged to submit appropriate website content (news, reports, book or journal article reviews, etc.) by contacting our LACC secretariat at lacc@was.org. Very best to everyone! — Lorenzo Juarez, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Trust us to share your unique products across the globe! Gainesville, FL USA • 352-377-0133 • www.qcsinfo.org for the global organic and ethical marketplace We o er third-party certi ications or: • Organic European Union & Canada • QCS Organic Private Standard • GLOBALG.A.P. IFA-Aquaculture (GFSI recognized) • Friend of the Sea Add-On (FoS) • Compound Feed Manufacturing (CFM) • GLOBALG.A.P. Risk Assessment on Social Practice (GRASP) • QCS Aquaponics Private Standard • BRC / IFS (GFSI recognized) • ISO 9000 / ISO 14000
8 JUNE 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS The Asian Pacific Chapter (APC) of WAS supported the Giant Prawn 2017 Conference organized by the World Aquaculture Society on March 20-24 at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Conference Center in Bangkok, Thailand. The Giant Prawn Conference is the major conference on the farming of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium spp. The conference provided a great opportunity for the global freshwater prawn farming industry to review the latest research and development and to brainstorm about what the priorities should be for its future expansion. With nearly 30 invited international speakers, including the APC President, Giant Prawn 2017 presented a global who’s-who of the research and industry communities that support freshwater prawn aquaculture. Following the huge success of APA 16 in Indonesia, Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2017 (APA 17) in Malaysia will be the next mega-exceptional platform to learn and discuss about the latest developments in aquaculture, the newest technologies, and to see the rapidly expanding international aquaculture industry in Asia. Transforming for Markets Needs will be the theme for APA 17. The conference will be co-hosted by Department of Fisheries (DOF), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industries, Malaysia. The conference and tradeshow will be organized by World Aquaculture Society – Asian Pacific Chapter, the Malaysian Fisheries Society and University Putra, Malaysia, and will be held on July 24-27 at the Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. APA 2017 is an opportunity for global aquaculture stakeholders to see the expanding aquaculture industry, development of new technologies, innovations and investments in the Asian Pacific region. The conference will include a plenary session with keynote speakers, special producer sessions, latest research, workshops, abstract, oral and poster presentations. The Malaysian Fisheries Society will also organize a post-conference farm tour. The three-day conference program will have special sessions on marine shrimp, freshwater fish culture, production systems, tilapia, marine finfish, mollusc culture, risk management, aquafeeds and nutrition, development and planning, marketing and trade and many more. The plenary topics will include trends and prospects in Malaysian aquaculture, promoting trade in seafood and fair trade in seafood. Along with the conference program, there is also a large exhibition space featuring local and international companies presenting their latest products, services, instruments and equipment for aquaculture management and all aquaculture related information to encourage sustainable aquaculture practices within the industry. APA 2017 is a great opportunity to explore, share knowledge and meet potential business partners around the world, as well as enjoy the tourist attractions of Malaysia. For more information and registration, visit our websites (www.was.org and www.was-apc.org). An upcoming event that will be supported by the APC is the 7th International Conference of Aquaculture Indonesia (ICAI 2017). ICAI 2017 will be one of the most significant regional aquaculture events yet staged in Indonesia. The conference, with the theme “Feeding the World and Making Prosperity Through Sustainable Aquaculture,” will be held on October 27-28 in Solo, Central Java Province, Indonesia, and hosted by the Indonesian Aquaculture Society. This conference will be a meeting forum for sharing current information among scientists and business actors in aquaculture from all over the Asian Pacific region and other countries. There will be plenary sessions and topics-based parallel class sessions for two days of the conference. The class sessions consist of 1) diseases and aquaculture sustainability, 2) aquaculture management and technology, 3) feed management and nutrition, 4) genetics and breeding, 5) aquaculture business and marketing (shrimp, finfish, seaweed, eel), and 6) Farmer’s Day and Applied Technology Forum. Dr. Farshad Shishehchian, WAS-APC Past President and Dr. Guillaume Drillet, WAS-APC President-Elect will be the international speakers at the conference. The organizers also offered a free booth to the APC. In the past few months many new things have happened in the APC, including having new members on board. The election results have been announced to our APC membership. Dr. S. Felix is the President-Elect. He will serve one year, then become President for one year, and then become the Immediate Past President for a third year. Ms. Tracy Chin is the new Treasurer on the Board and will servie one term. Dr. Imad Saoud and Dr. Sagiv Kolkovski are new Directors on the Board. I would like to congratulate those that have been elected and commiserate with those that just missed out. The new Board officers and Directors will meet with the outgoing board at APA 17 in Kuala Lumpur and there will also be a membership meeting where everyone can network in Kuala Lumpur. We run monthly meeting regularly among the board members. This is the best way to communicate among the board members and share updates and opinions to improve our chapter. I have been president of the chapter since May 2016 and it has been a great honor for me to be part of this organization and I would like to thank all the board members for their hard work and help to run the chapter. We also welcome the new board officers and directors who won the election. — Endhay Kusnendar Kontara, President Asian Pacific Chapter Following the huge success of APA 16 in Indonesia, Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2017 in Malaysia will be the next mega-exceptional platform to learn and discuss about the latest developments in aquaculture, the newest technologies, and to see the rapidly expanding international aquaculture industry in Asia.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 9 In each issue of World Aquaculture, we summarize a new and exciting research paper from the relaunched Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. This issue’s selected paper is “Resource Use Assessment of Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon, Production in Thailand and Vietnam” by Claude E. Boyd, Aaron A. McNevin, Phoebe Racine, Huynh Quoc Tinh, Hang Ngo Minh, Rawee Viriyatum, Duangchai Paungkaew, and Carole Engle. Aquaculture now exceeds fisheries in food supply to humans, after decades of rapid expansion. Key resources, in particular land, water and energy may however become increasingly limiting to aquaculture growth at multiple scales. Understanding resource efficiencies for main species and regions is thus imperative to ensure future production. This article found that Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon farming land, water and total energy use per metric ton of product reduced markedly with increasing production intensity. A similar trend could not, however, be observed for impact on wild fish supplies. The authors argue that even small improvements in FCR (e.g. 1.4 to 1.3) would result in global savings of more than 300 million m3 of freshwater and 70 thousand ha of land for L. vannamei alone. The article contributes valuable indicators of efficient and sustainable shrimp culture as well as arguing the importance of intensification and high-quality formulated diets in reducing resource demand. This paper can be found in the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 48(2):201-226, available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ journal/10.1111/jwas.12394 or under Publications at www.was.org. — Matthew Slater, Section Editor, JWAS Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society The Editorial Board of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society is pleased to announce the 2016 Best Paper Awards in the categories of Review Article, Applied Studies, and Fundamental Studies. Review Article: Boyd, C.E., C.S. Tucker, and B. Somridhivej. 2016. Alkalinity and hardness: critical but elusive concepts in aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 47(1):6-41 Applied Studies: Peterson, B.C., C. Flora, M. Wood, B.G. Bosworth, S.M. Quiniou, T.E. Greenway, T.S. Byars, and D.J. Wise. 2016. 2016 Best Paper Awards of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Vaccination of full-sib channel catfish families against enteric septicemia of catfish with an oral live attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 47(2):207-211. Fundamental Studies: Zhao, D., L. Pan, F. Huang, C. Wang, and W. Xu. 2016. Effects of different carbon sources on bioactive compound production of biofloc, immune response, antioxidant level, and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange culture tanks. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 47(4):566-576. These articles are available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com or through the Publications tab at www.was.org. NEW BOOK IN THE WAS ONLINE STORE Aquaculture: Will it rise to its potential to feed the world? By George S. Lockwood. Aquaculture is the most environmentally sustainable means to feed the population boom that threatens the planet. Will government allow it to do this critically important job? Paperback 199 pages. ISBN: 9781366393340
10 JUNE 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG June 26-30, 2017 Cape Town International Convention Centre Cape Town, South Africa The Annual International Conference & Exposition of World Aquaculture Society Hosted by Aquaculture Association of Southern Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of South Africa Associate Sponsors Aquaculture Engineering Society International Association of Aquaculture Economics & Management WorldFish 2017 World Aquaculture Sustainable Aquaculture New Frontiers for Economic Growth Spotlight on Africa For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org WA17 was ad CMYK.indd 1 3/6/16 2:26 PM
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2017 11 What are we losing? Over the past few years I have lost several good friends and outstanding scientists in the global arena and along with them, the world has lost not only their continued input of wisdom and vision but now their accumulated libraries are being thrown into dumpsters with nary a twinge of conscience! Why? Because no one seems to recognize the importance and significance of historic documents, hard-to-obtain publications, or perhaps most salient — the need to know what has been done previously and by whom. This isn’t a new problem but it is a rapidly escalating one. Over 30 years ago, as I took up a new position, I noted box after box of books and reprints being tossed into the dumpster outside my office window. When I checked, I realized that they were from two individuals who had amassed very impressive libraries during their accumulated 70+ years of research. When I inquired they told me that they were retiring and no longer needed the material — without a thought that the material might be valuable to the library or other individuals or future researchers. I was appalled, but also thrilled — dumpster diving it was — and I just about tripled my own library resources. I not only used that material for my own efforts over the years but my library quickly became known to others as a useful and accessible source of references. Over the ensuing decades, I have been able to provide colleagues in many arenas with those hard-to-locate papers, books, proceedings, and other materials. Scientific research should build on prior knowledge, yet more and more of the published literature is nothing but a rehash of old studies, or worse, complete repeats of prior studies, and all because the authors either couldn’t be bothered to look at the historical literature or didn’t know how to carry out a proper literature survey. Only two years ago I received a paper for consideration and realized that it was almost an exact copy of a prior study done in 1958. Did I think the authors had plagiarized the effort? No. I assumed — correctly as it turned out — that they simply had not done their due diligence. The paper was rejected, but sadly that represented almost two years of a student’s efforts, the funds to pay them, and it resulted in an unpublishable effort that could so easily have been avoided had they taken the time to do some reading. Their time could then have been spent moving that prior study forward. Not only is this practice an affront to those who have gone before, it is a waste of time, effort, and precious research funds — and it is becoming all too commonplace. As an editor for the past 30+ years, I have seen far too often the results of poor literature research, knowledge, and understanding. Authors now routinely cite what I refer to as ‘references of convenience’, i.e. any old paper that they happen to have on hand that cited one or two other irrelevant or even incompetent papers rather than the key references — or even pertinent references — to the statement made. Why? Because their computer or telephone search didn’t provide them with the most important works. Because they don’t know how to differentiate good studies from others. Or because they couldn’t be bothered going to the library to actually look at the documents and browse other materials or investigate older reference lists to locate the original works. Or because they never actually obtained and read the papers in question, just added them to the reference list. It may be surprising to some that papers from the early days (meaning a century or more ago, not 10 years!) contain highly relevant observations and insights, not to mention the issue of giving credit where it is due. I have raised my concerns with librarians and asked for guidance about where one might deposit long runs of scientific journals, large collections of invaluable offprints, and books. It seems there is no accessible graveyard for these materials and much of the material is put in the trash. Most recently I was told by one librarian that “they liken it to the Nazi book burning in the 1930’s” and to “reinventing the wheel over and over again, as all the old research gets lost.” What should be done? What can be done? Students should be trained to carry out a comprehensive literature review and required to do so before they embark on any research effort. That means libraries and reference lists and resources beyond their tablet and telephone screens. Scientists and advisors should do the same and pass along that guidance and influence to their students. Granting agencies should engage more reviewers who know the literature and can identify duplication of effort before it is funded for the second and third time. Overall, there needs to be a concerted effort to instill in students and researchers the appreciation that scientific literature is an important historical entity and needs to be used and preserved. Scientific research and scholarship are accumulated over time and the new era of ‘rush to publication’ to enhance personal statistics and feed publishers’ greed has severely hampered, if not squashed, the basic quest for knowledge and understanding and scholarship. The value of prior knowledge needs to be preserved and that can only happen if scientists acknowledge that value and pass that sentiment on to ensuing generations. As I sit here perusing my hard-won collection of over 100,000 offprints and 150 linear feet of books I can only hope that it isn’t dumpster bound. Notes Sandra E. Shumway, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut. This article is also being published in the newsletters of the National Shellfisheries Association and the American Malacalogical Society. In Defense of Scholarly Publications — Looking Back Before Lurching Forward Sandra E. Shumway Scientific research should build on prior knowledge, yet more and more of the published literature is nothing but a rehash of old studies, or worse, complete repeats of prior studies, and all because the authors either couldn’t be bothered to look at the historical literature or didn’t know how to carry out a proper literature survey.
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