WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2017 29 was developed for environmental control practices, cleaning, feeding, and behavioral observations. For live food production of Brachionus sp., we used the semi-continuous system following Rojo-Cebreros et al. (in review) and Hagiwara et al. (2014) for Proales similis. A total of 264,298 live embryo were stocked in 3500 L (76 egg/L). Hatching rate was 96 percent, survival at hatching was 85 percent and survival at first-feeding stage (48 h after hatching) was 75 percent. The incubation period was 19 h at 25 C. At hatching (Fig. 5B) and first-feeding (Fig. 6) stage, fish were 1.6 ± 0.1 mm and 2.6 ± 0.1 mm total length, respectively. After high-density larval culture (Fig. 6), 120,364 juveniles were harvested 40 days after hatching (Fig. 7). Larval survival was 42 percent from hatching and 74 percent from first feeding (48-h post-hatch). At 42 dph, final total length was 24.5 ± 2.6 mm (range: 17.3–29.9 mm). The growth curve was fit to an exponential model (Figure 7D). At harvest, juveniles were completely weaned and it was not difficult to transition juveniles from live food to pelleted feed (Figs. 10 A, B and C). From day 41 to 80, juveniles were raised in raceway system (Fig. 8) at 30,000 juveniles per raceway. Juveniles were graded every 5-6 days (Fig. 9). When juveniles reached 2 g, they were separated by size (Fig. 11) and delivered to local farmers (Fig. 12), who continued with the grow-out pilot test. Future and Perspectives In the pilot marine finfish hatchery of CIAD-Mazatlan Unity and with different research laboratories of our institution, we are working to repeat the same culture protocols in new trials to deepen our understanding of the reproductive biology (with an endocrinological focus) and developmental biology (including osteology, organogenesis, immunology with different approaches) of Pacific white snook. In addition, different departments of government and the private and social sectors are working together to develop commercial pilot crops of this important species. Notes Leonardo Ibarra-Castro*, Juan L. Sanchez-Téllez, Luis A. Ochoa-Bojórquez, Ángel H. Rojo-Cebreros, Laboratory of Reproduction and Pilot Marine Finfish Hatchery, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Unidad Mazatlán, Avenida Sábalo Cerritos S/N, Mazatlán, C.P. 82000, A.P. 711, Sinaloa, México.; *Corresponding author e-mail: leonardo.ibarra@ciad.mx Juan M. Martínez-Brown, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C. (CIAD) Unidad Mazatlán. Jaime Navarro-Flores, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura. Km 9, carretera Tepic-Compostela, C.P. 63792, Xalisco, Nayarit, México. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the National Aquaculture and Fishery Commission (CONAPESCA) for support of research projects between 2011 to 2014 and 2017. Thanks are also extended to the fish hatchery pilot-plant personal, the administration of the Mazatlan Unit of the Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo for their permanent support and science summer students Torres-Mata Gabriela, Rodriguez-Medina Andrea and Gaspar-Cruz Ramses. References Alvarez-Lajonchère L., M.A. Reina-Cáñez, M.A. CamachoHernández, and S. Kraul. 2007. Design of a pilot-scale tropical marine finfish hatchery for a research center at Mazatlan, Mexico. Aquacultural Engineering 36:81-96. Alvarez-Lajonchère, L., M.I. Abdo de la Parra, L.E. Rodríguez Ibarra, G. Velasco Blanco, A.C. Puello-Cruz, B. González Rodríguez, A. Ibarra-Soto and L. Ibarra-Castro. 2012. The scale-up of spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus, larval rearing at Mazatlán, México. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 43:411-422. Gutiérrez-Sigeros, I., L. Ibarra-Castro, L. Alvarez-Lajonchère and A. Sanchez-Zamora. In review. Natural spawning and the scale-up of yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus, larval rearing for mass production of juveniles. Aquaculture. Ibarra-Castro L., L.S. Alvarez-Lajonchere, C. Rosas, I.G. PalominoAlvarran, G.J. Holt and A. Sanchez-Zamora. 2011a. GnRHainduced spawning with natural fertilization and pilot-scale juvenile mass production of common snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792) in captivity. Aquaculture 319:479-483. Ibarra-Castro, L. and L. Alvarez-Lajonchere. 2011b. GnRHa induced multiple spawns and voluntary spawning of captive spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) at Mazatlan, Mexico. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 42:564-574. Ibarra-Castro, L. and L. Alvarez-Lajonchère. 2009. An improved induced-spawning protocol for spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture 61(2):121-133. Ibarra-Castro L., M.O. Ochoa-Bojórquez, J.L. Sánchez-Téllez, A.H.Rojo-Cebreros and L L. Alvarez-Lajonchère. In preparation. Mass production of spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) juveniles. Martínez-Brown, J. M., L. Ibarra-Castro, A. H. Rojo-Cebreros, J. López-Cabanillas, M. Rodríguez-Trejo and J.L. Ortíz-Galindo. In review. Acute hyperosmotic stress test for vigor assessment of firstfeeding larvae of spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus and spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia. Rojo-Cebreros, A.H., L. Ibarra-Castro, E. Guerrero-Carlock, J.L. Sánchez-Téllez and L. Alvarez-Lajonchère. In review. Pilotscale production of rotifer Brachionus sp. for simultaneous mass production of spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus, juveniles. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia. In the pilot marine finfish hatchery of CIAD-Mazatlan Unity and with different research laboratories of our institution, we are working to repeat the same culture protocols in new trials to deepen our understanding of the reproductive biology... and developmental biology of Pacific white snook.
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