WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 19 (CONTINUED ON PAGE 20) Research Center) led by Dr. I-Chiu Liao (Liao et al. 2001). With techniques developed for these species as the benchmark, larviculture of over 100 species is now possible in Taiwan (Liao 2005). Grouper larviculture achievement in Taiwan is a good example of cooperative efforts between a government research institute and private enterprise. Since the 1990s, eight species of grouper (Epinephelus coioides, E. malaricus, E. fuscoguttatus, E. lanceolatus, E. tukula, Plectropomus leopardus, E. cyanopodus and E. bruneus) have been successfully bred artificially. In addition to foodfish aquaculture, ornamental fish culture has also become an important industry in Taiwan. With good larviculture techniques, the annual production quantity of ornamental fish in 2015 was 50 million fry, with a production value of approximately US$ 32 million. Development of Formulated Aquafeeds Although a sizeable formulated feed industry for hog and poultry producers already existed in Taiwan in the 1960s, commercial production of formulated aquafeeds started much later. Eel feed was first introduced in Taiwan as early as 1969. In 1973, when eel culture began to boom, some 12,000 t of a specially-mixed feed was produced in which white fishmeal was the main ingredient, accounting for 65-70 percent of the total diet. It was not until 1976 until total substitution of trash fish with a complete formulated feed was practiced. The aquafeed industry in Taiwan has benefited from a wellestablished feed industry for pigs and poultry. The country has a rich experience in producing formulated feeds and has modern feed processing machinery and other accessory equipment. In other words, the hardware for aquafeed production was already quite wellestablished. Although information on nutritional requirements for locally cultured species (including tiger shrimp, milkfish and tilapia) was not sufficient, the research community and locally trained feed technicians made considerable contributions to the creation, accumulation and use of knowledge on species such as kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, rainbow trout, carp, catfish and eel with some modifications in formulating feeds for locally cultured species. Most shrimp/prawn feed formulations were based on nutritional data for kuruma shrimp that was developed in the 1980s. In the 1990s, nutrient requirements for tiger shrimp were almost fully established by the research team led by Dr. Shi-Yen Shiau. Formulated feeds for tiger shrimp are now clearly differentiated from those for kuruma shrimp. Milkfish feed was first formulated in 1979, based on the feed formulation for channel catfish in the USA, with some modifications. Now, the use of complete formulated feed in milkfish production has become quite common, especially after deepwater culture systems became fashionable. The use of formulated Ornamental fish. 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Highest Recorded Shrimp Production Highest Recorded Eel Production Typhoon Morakot Damage Highest Recorded Grouper Production -Aquaculture Development in Taiwan- Taiwan Aquaculture Profile and Policy Aquaculture production (Thousand Tonne) Taiwan Aquaculture Production Chart. Ornamental shrimp. Extensive culture Semi-intensive culture Intensive culture Environmental- friendly culture 1960s 1970s-1990s 2000s-2016 -Aquaculture Development in Taiwan- Taiwan Aquaculture Profile and Policy Artificial propagation &Commercial feed Aquaculture Development in Taiwan.
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