VOLUME 48, NUMBER 4 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY DECEMBER 2017 Dike Cropping of Polyculture Ponds in Nepal W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. P: +1-225-578-3137; F: +1-225-578-3493; Email: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2016-2017 William Daniels, President Juan Pablo Lazo, Immediate Past President Maria Celia Portella, President-Elect Wendy Sealey, Treasurer Jennifer Cobcroft, Secretary DIRECTORS Kathleen Hartman Patricia Moraes-Valenti Darryl E. Jory Antonio Garza de Yta Humberto Villarreal Colmenares Michael Denson CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Guillaume Drillet, Asian Pacific David Cline, USAS Luís André Sampaio, Latin America and Caribbean Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Executive Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2014, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 48 NO. 4 DECEMBER 2017 Cover: A woman harvests bottle gourds growing from a fish pond dike over a polyculture pond in Nepal. See story on page 32. 9 Special Sessions Planned for Aquaculture America 2018 10 World Aquaculture 2020 to be Held in Singapore 11 Best Article in World Aquaculture in 2016 11 Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 12 Global Aquaculture Production Statistics — Interpret At Your Own Risk 13 R. Thomas (Tom) Lovell (1934-2017) 14 A Conversation with Dr. Santosh Lall Rodrigue Yossa 17 Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2018 in Taipei, Taiwan 18 An Overview of Aquaculture in Taiwan Ching-Fong Chang, Shi-Yen Shiau, Yu-Hung Lin and I-Chiu Liao 23 Genetically Improved Jayanti Rohu: A Boon to Freshwater Aquaculture in India A. Rasal, M. Patnaik, K. Murmu, P. Nandanpawar, J.K. Sundaray and K.D. Mahapatra 27 Rice-Fish Culture Trials in North Eastern Region of India Arun Sharma, Sanjay Kumar Das, Rajumani Bordoloi and Thongam Ibemcha Chanu 32 Integrated Polyculture of Carps and Small Indigenous Species with Dike Cropping of Vegetables in Rupandehi, Nepal Shailesh Gurung, Sujan Bhattarai, Hugh Thomforde and Arun Thapa 36 Vegetarian Shrimp: Pellet-free Shrimp Farming Nicholas Romano and Vikas Kumar 41 Performance of Pacific White Shrimp Reared in an Integrated Multitrophic Biofloc System with Gracilaria Seaweed Luis Otavio Brito, Jéssika Lima de Abreu, Clarissa Vilela Figueiredo da Silva Campos, Danielli Matias de Macedo Dantas, Elizabeth Pereira da Silva and Alfredo Olivera Galvez 44 Comparative Economic Performance of Aquaculture Farms in Brazil Andrea Elena Pizarro Muñoz, Fabricio Pereira Rezende, Marcela Mataveli and Renata Melon Barroso 49 Innovative Farming Methods for Production and Harvest of Manila Clams in Washington State, USA Andrew D. Suhrbier, Daniel P. Cheney, Jeffery R. Cordell, William F. Dewey, Jonathan P. Davis and João G. Ferreira 59 Gauging Benefits of Oyster Garden Restoration in Delaware Gulnihal Ozbay and Amy Cannon 63 Marine Invertebrate Broodstock Management: Breakthroughs, Challenges and Future Perspectives Bruno L. Gianasi (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 DECEMBER 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column As the World Aquaculture Society presence continues to increase globally, the success of our conferences also grows. After a very successful APA conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the LACQUA17 conference held in Mazatlán, Mexico in November brought over 1300 participants from over 35 countries with a tradeshow of 80 booths. During LACQUA17, Dr. Luis Andre Sampaio was installed as the new LACC president. The success of these conferences depends upon our WAS members and our friends and supporters. If you haven’t already volunteered to help in organizing one of these conferences, please do so. Also, please mark your calendars and share the word about our upcoming conferences, starting with Aquaculture America 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada (February 19-22), APA18 Taipei, Taiwan (April 23-26), and AQUA 2018 Montpellier, France, August 25-29. AQUA 2018 will be our joint meeting with the European Aquaculture Society (EAS). I hope you are as excited about these opportunities to meet old friends and make new ones and to increase your network for collaboration and information sharing. In addition to our conferences, WAS has sent representatives as observers to two important FAO meetings, including the 29th Session of the European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Advisory Commission (EIFAAC) held in Stare Jablonki, Poland (September 6-8, 2017). Mr. Laszlo Varadi was selected to represent WAS at this meeting. He is a WAS member from Hungary and past EAS president. Prior to EIFAAC, the Symposium “Adaptation of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change” was held. The session was attended by representatives of EIFAAC member countries from Croatia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland. Mr. Varadi spoke on possible interactions of the two organizations, particularly in the area of inland aquaculture in the Central and Eastern European region, where he also mentioned the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Central and Eastern Europe (NACEE) as a potential partner. The Chair pointed out that the presence of WAS at the 29th session of EIFAAC was evidence of a willingness to cooperate and is in line with EIFAAC objectives to engage other organizations. Members welcomed this new initiative to collaborate as a good sign and asked if WAS could assist in identifying operational focal points through their network of contacts in aquaculture-related institutions. Dr. Antonio Garza de Yta, WAS Director and Past-President of LACC, represented WAS as an observer at the 9th Session of the Sub-Committee on Aquaculture of the Committee on Fisheries, which was held at FAO headquarters in Rome from 24-27 October 2017. More information will be provided on this meeting later. Participation in this and other international organizations’ meetings are important ways to contribute to sustainable aquaculture development and to expand the WAS network. It is important for our membership to actively engage in the global conversation about aquaculture and its sustainable development. WAS continues with the reinvigoration of its scientific journal, the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (JWAS). We continue to encourage scientists and students to choose JWAS for the publication of their best quality research work. Its success depends upon YOU! While the cliché in the USA these days is about ‘making it great again,’ the reinvigoration of JWAS is not a cliché but a concerted push to continually move JWAS to the top tier of aquaculture journals. Be on the lookout for the Special Virtual Issues of JWAS that make collections of papers published in the Society’s journal available as open access (free) for one month following the plenary of the conferences of each WAS chapter. The most recent virtual issue was a “Focus on Aquaculture Research in Latin America” that celebrated the opening of the LACQUA17 conference in Mazatlán, Mexico. The next one will be posted on the JWAS website on February 19, 2018, to coincide with Aquaculture America 2018 and will include recent papers published by US authors. A significant benefit of WAS membership is free electronic access to all papers published in JWAS, including all back issues. Members can access JWAS by first logging into the WAS website and then selecting View Articles under the Journal of WAS heading on the Publications tab. The latest Editor’s Choice papers for each issue and Special Virtual Issues, available as open access, are available at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1749-7345. JWAS news is also available on Facebook (www.facebook.com/ JWrldAquaSoc/) and Twitter (twitter.com/JWrldAquaSoc). Please like the Facebook page and keep up with the latest. As Thanksgiving has recently passed here in the US, I am thankful for all the WAS members who actively work to keep WAS Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 5 USAS Chapter Report 6 Korean Chapter Report 8 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 10 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Advertiser’s Index 72 Membership Application (CONTINUED ON PAGE 5)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 3 Editor’s Note The problem of plastic pollution of the marine environment has been known since the 1970s, but it has only recently emerged as a serious threat. More than 300 million t of plastic were produced in 2015, an amount that is expected to double by 2025. As understanding of the issue has improved over the last decade, increased attention has been focused on microplastics. Microplastics particles are less than 5 mm and include primary plastic in the form of microbeads in cosmetics that are now banned in the US and UK, as well as pellets that are the raw material for plastic extrusion. So-called secondary microplastics, in the form of fibers, fragments, and films, are produced by fragmentation of larger plastic debris. Like macroplastics, microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment — at the water surface, in the water column, in deep sea sediments and from the tropics to the poles. Microplastics are concentrated at the center of the five large oceanic gyres in the world’s major oceans. Microplastics also occur in major freshwater rivers and lakes. The source of microplastics is highly variable. In areas with intensive fishing, more than 70 percent of microplastics are derived from fishing gear, much of it so-called ghost gear that continues to fish after it is lost. In one case study in South Korea, most of the plastic pollution in a particular area was associated with lost floats used for mussel culture longlines. In most developed countries, plastic waste in landfills are fairly well controlled and regulated. Some developing countries, however, do not have good management control over disposal areas, especially those in the coastal zone. Microplastics are ingested by a wide array of marine life, including commercially important bivalves and crustaceans. Extractive forms of aquaculture, such as bivalve shellfish farming, have been promoted as environmentally friendly because they filter water and contribute to eutrophication control. Unfortunately, filter feeding is not highly selective and shellfish can also remove microplastics from water. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that oysters can efficiently remove plastic microbeads as small as 6 µm in diameter. Ingestion of microplastic particles can cause various physical impacts, as well as inflammation. Many microplastics are of a similar size to large plankton and fish eggs. Microplastics can be ingested by forage fish that are used to produce fishmeal and the likelihood that microplastics are transferred from whole fish to fishmeal cannot be discounted. The risk of microplastics in fishmeal to fed aquaculture is currently unknown. The public health risk of consuming seafood containing microplastics appears to be negligible, although uncertainties are substantial. Microplastics are typically restricted to the guts of organisms that consume them. For most fish used as food, gut contents are removed prior to consumption. However, microplastics can be transferred to consumers of fish and shellfish that are eaten whole. The EU has concluded that levels of food contaminants are generally well below thresholds of concern for human safety. As with other risks of seafood consumption, the potentially negative health impacts of consuming microplastics should be evaluated against the beneficial effects of seafood consumption. Of potentially greater concern are a category of microplastics known as nanoplastics (1-100 nm), some of which can be absorbed across cell membranes, including gut epithelia. Nanoplastic particles can cross cell membranes and bioaccumulate following transfer across trophic levels. Furthermore, plastics often contain potentially toxic additives that impart certain desirable qualities to plastic polymers. Microplastics are also hydrophobic and will adsorb persistant bioaccumulative toxins, among other compounds, from water. There are large knowledge gaps and uncertainties about the human health risks of nanoplastics. Aquaculture makes wide use of durable plastics, which are used for tanks, fish cage collars, pond liners, netting, rope, and floats, among other items. In the context of global plastic pollution of the oceans, aquaculture is a tiny contributor, although estimation of the size of the contribution remains a knowledge gap and lost or derelict gear from aquaculture can be a locally important contributor. In places where coastal aquaculture has considerable plastic infrastructure on the water, maintaining gear in good working condition and retrieving lost or derelict gear is responsible aquaculture. There is scope for localized improvement here. A disproportionate amount of plastic waste comes from fisheries and aquaculture in intensively managed coastal zones. All the prominent aquaculture certification systems have some variation on the 3 R’s of reduce, reuse and recycle. Aquaculture is both affected by and contributes to the presence of microplastics. As such, aquaculture is a major stakeholder in discussion about how to develop adaptive management plans to address an issue that is global in scope but with substantial geographic variation in magnitude. It can use its role as a major stakeholder to influence outcomes that reduces the risk of microplastics to aquaculture. Aquaculture needs to keep its own house in order but also needs to advocate for good management control of solid waste disposal in coastal areas and for improved wastewater treatment. Aquaculture can also play a role in raising awareness of the microplastics issue and promoting anti-litter campaigns. The biggest problem is that production and use of plastic results in waste accumulation. In particular, single-serve packaging has been responsible for the biggest growth in plastics production. While such packaging is hygienic and contributes to food safety and product shelf-life, it has greatly increased the flow of plastic solid waste to disposal sites. A major shift in consumption patterns is needed, one that treats the economy of plastics production, consumption, use as more circular, with waste designed out of the cycle. Finally, changes in cultural values are needed to embrace an ethic of environmental stewardship, including changes in attitudes towards littering. It seems highly likely that plastic pollution of the oceans will increase unless values shift. Aquaculture can make a positive contribution to the discussion by emphasizing the moral imperative and the utilitarian necessity of maintaining healthy oceans. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Microplastics and Aquaculture
4 DECEMBER 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Aquaculture America 2018 Hosted by: California Aquaculture Association THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION OF February 19-22, 2018 Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada USA Associate Sponsors Americas Tilapia Alliance Global Aquaculture Alliance American Veterinary Medical Association International Association of Aquaculture Aquacultural Engineering Society Economics and Management Aquaculture Association of Canada Latin American Chapter WAS Catfish Farmers of America Striped Bass Growers Association US Trout Farmers Association World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association Zebrafish Husbandry Association For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org | www.was.org AA18 was ad CMYK.indd 1 8/2/17 9:31 AM
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 5 U.S. Aquaculture Society Greetings from the USAS. I hope that everyone is having a productive fall and big plans for a festive holiday season. All involved with the USAS Board and planning committee are hard at work getting ready for the Aquaculture America meeting in Las Vegas, February 19-22, 2018. We hope that you are planning to attend and present your latest work. In addition to the regular meeting, we are planning to have two professional development workshops. The Advanced Aquaponics workshop will be held on February 18 and the Statistics in Aquaculture Workshop will be held on February 19. You can register for these workshops separately or with your AA19 registration on the WAS web site (was.org). In an effort to enhance the theme of the meeting — Shaping the Future: Telling Our Story — we have recruited a professional storyteller as one of our plenary speakers. Texas newspaper columnist Dave Lieber says “stories change the world.” He has been an awardwinning newspaperman for more than 40 years. Now he writes an investigative column for Texas’ top newspaper, The Dallas Morning News. Dave will show us wonderful ways to tell the amazing story of aquaculture. As one of America’s top storytelling experts, Dave will show how to ditch PowerPoint and kill the slides because the power of our own stories, told correctly, can make our movement exceptional. When Dave is done, participants will be able to use his easy techniques right away. After Dave’s plenary session keynote, you will have the option of attending an Aquaculture Storytelling Workshop with Dave to practice your stories. There is a growing consensus that our story is going unheard in Washington, DC. The folks that are regulating aquaculture need more education on what our issues are and how their actions affect the future of our industry. Some of our longtime members have suggested that USAS work with other producer groups to bring our story to DC in the form of a meeting or symposium. If you are interested in working on such an effort, please let us know. We need a unified voice and to turn up the volume to rise above the noise being produced by aquaculture detractors. In addition to Mr. Lieber, we have another exceptional plenary speaker to help us envision the big picture of aquaculture. Dr. Jerry Schubel has served as president and CEO of the Aquarium of the Pacific since 2002. At the Aquarium of the Pacific, Dr. Schubel created the Aquatic Forum. This forum brings together scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders to explore ways of dealing with important, complex and often controversial environmental issues including offshore aquaculture, sustainable seafood and climate change. Dr. Shubel notes, “The aquaculture story needs to be a chapter in the story of the future of food to feed a growing population. To date it has been only a footnote.” He will describe the role the ocean, and particularly mariculture, must play in the future. As this is my last column as USAS President, I want to take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to the Board of Directors and all members. It has been a great pleasure to serve USAS and to work with such a great team of folks. I know that the Society is in good hands with incoming president Dave Straus, whose organizational skills, great attitude and enthusiasm will continue to move the Society forward. We want you to know that YOU are what makes the Society great. Your participation in helping run the Society, serving on committees, judging abstracts, moderating sessions and providing updates on your scientific work is what makes the Society tick. I encourage all of you to get involved at some level to help advance the Society. Perhaps the simplest way to participate is to vote for the incoming officers and board members. I look forward to seeing you in Las Vegas. — David Cline, President CHAPTER REPORTS at the forefront of global aquaculture leadership. I am also thankful for the global network that WAS has become and look forward to that network spreading into new areas. During my recent visit to China on university business, I learned to appreciate the vastness of my President, continued from page 2 aquaculture colleagues there and look forward to greater engagement by them and the rest of my global colleagues and friends. Our 50th anniversary is around the corner in 2019. We have such a vibrant past and so much room to grow. — Bill Daniels, President NEW BOOK IN THE WAS ONLINE STORE Aquaculture: Will it rise to its potential to feed the world? By George S. Lockwood. Aquaculture is the most environmentally sustainable means to feed the population boom that threatens the planet. Will government allow it to do this critically important job? Paperback 199 pages. ISBN: 9781366393340
6 DECEMBER 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG International Symposium on IMTA The National Institution of Fisheries Science (NIFS) held the International Symposium on IMTA in Busan on September 14 and at the IMTA Research Site in Tongyoung on October 15 for two days. Topics on current IMTA status, economic values, sustainable IMTA systems in Korea, USA, Israel and China were presented as follows: “Current Research Status of IMTA and Ideas on How to Promote IMTA in Korea” (Miseon Park, NIFS), “An Effective Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture System for Korean Waters” (Jang Kyun Kim, Incheon University), “The Economic Effectiveness of IMTA in Korea” (Dohoon Kim, Pukyong National University), “Cultivation of Economically Important Seaweeds in New England for Nutrient Bioextraction and IMTA Systems” (Charles Yarish, University of Connecticut, USA), “Hunting for Bugs in IMTA Aquaculture” (Ian Bricknell, University of Maine, USA), “IMTA and Sustainable Aquaculture” (Cheng-Sheng Lee, Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture, USA), “Integrated Land Based Multitrophic Mariculture Systems: Benefits and Constrains of an Ecological Approach to Aquaculture” (Muki Shpigel, The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Israel), “Status of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture and The Way Forward” (Jianguang Fang, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, China), “Practice and Challenge of Sea Cucumber-Based IMTA in China” (Ji Hong Zhang, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, China), and “Key Considerations of IMTA Standard Development and Expansion: Using Fish-driven IMTA as an Example” (Zengjie Jiang and Jianguang Fang, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, China). Over 100 experts in fisheries, aquaculture, disease, ecology, fisheries management, and other stakeholder sectors were gathered in the symposium. The Carbon Zero Seaweed Town (CØST) Korean Chapter President Ik Kyo Chung and Jin Woo Kang (Pusan National University) participated in the UNFCCC COP23 Side Event Exhibition under the theme of “The Carbon Zero Seaweed Town (CØST)” in Bonn, Germany from November 6-11. The CØST Project from Pusan National University - Marine Research Institute builds carbon-neutral communities based on seaweed solutions and other renewable ocean energy options. It provides sustainable mitigation and adaptation measures within the context of climate change and creates new jobs and revenue. The CØST - Wando Project has been declared with the Asian Network of Algae as Mitigation and Adaptation Measures at the international conference “Sustainable Seaweed Industry for Blue Carbon,” organized by the Korea Algae Industry Development Association (President, Chang-Hoon Kim, Pukyong National University) from April 14-18 during the second Wando Seaweeds Expo. KOFFST International Conference 2017 The International Conference 2017 of the Korean Federation of Fisheries Science and Technology Societies (KOFFST) was held on November 8-9 in Busan under the theme of “Food Security and the Roles of Fisheries.” KOFFST President K.H. Park welcomed participants. Welcome addresses were provided by Korea Maritime Institute President C.H. Yang and a congratulatory address was provided by the Vice-Mayor of Busan City, Y.H. Kim, during the opening ceremony, which was moderated by KOFFST Secretary General Y.M. Kim. The two-day conference included 71 oral and 321 poster presentations and was led by the first keynote lecture on “Improving food security through fisheries in developing countries,” by Chang-Mo Ma (Division of Fisheries Policy Research, KMI), and the second lecture entitled “Business ecosystem of the future aquaculture industry according to the fourth industrial revolution,” by Yoon-Hee Choi (Convergence Planning Center, Korea Electronics Association), and followed by a panel discussion moderated by S.J. Kang (Gyeongsang National University) with invited panelists Hyun Pyo Hong (KMI), Sang Go Lee (Pukyong National University), Jeong-In Myeong (National Institute of Fisheries Science) and Han Kyu Lim (Mokpo National University). The Korean Aquaculture Workshop 2017 The Korean Aquaculture Workshop 2017 on “Directions on How to Set a Korean Standard for Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)” was held on November 8 as a satellite event of the KOFFST 2017 conference. The Aquaculture Chapter of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (KOSFAS) supported the workshop and Aqua-Info organized the program. The objective of the workshop was to share information and knowledge about RAS. Lectures were presented on “Analysis of the Danish RAS model — mainly salmon and trout,” by Paw Petersen (Vice Chairman / AquaCircle, Denmark), “Success factors for developing Korean standard RAS” by J.H. Park, P.K. Kim (Pukyong National University and Gangwon State University), “Analysis of the RAS model in Spain — mainly flatfish” by Y.K. Sin (Neutro Applications, S.L.U.) and S.L. Choi (Director, ChungJung, Nazel Korea), “Analysis of the RAS model in Japan — mainly eel” by Chang Seob Kim (CEO / Eco Fishvil Co., Ltd.), and an additional topic on “The Need for HACCP Certification and Expected Effect in Aquafarms” by Sun Jae Kim (Chonnam National University). 2017 KOSFAS Annual Conference and Business Meeting The annual conference and business meeting of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (KOSFAS) were also held at the same place during the KOFFST International Conference 2017. At the opening ceremony, Jesse Trushenski (Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Eagle Fish Health Laboratory), President-elect of the American Fisheries Society (AFS) and Prof. Emeritus Tadahisa Seikai (Fukui Prefectural University) gave congratulatory speeches on behalf of the AFS and the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, respectively. Two Invited speeches by the KOFAS, “Lake-coastal research and observation to support ecosystem sustainability in Bali,” by I. Wayana Arthana (Udayana University, Bali), and “Emerging information about fatty acid requirements in fish,” by Korean Chapter CHAPTER REPORTS
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 7 Jesse Trushenski were presented. Pyong-Kih Kim (Gangwon State University) was elected as President of KOSFAS for 2018 and Chae-Woo Ma (Soonchunhyang University) as President-elect at the KOSFAS annual business meeting. The 11th World Ocean Forum 2017 The 11th World Ocean Forum 2017 under the theme of “The Ocean, The Economy” was held from October 18-20 in Busan and hosted by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (Minister, Youngchoon Kim), Busan Metropolitan City (Mayor, Byung-soo Seo) and Busan Il BO (President, Byung-Gil An). The 2017 Forum was successful with increasing awareness of the significance of oceans and the future economy amid 1800 leaders from 22 countries. The Forum Session 2 was held on October 19 under the theme of “The Way for World Fisheries.” The session was chaired by Chang-ho Yang, Director of the Korea Maritime Institute. There were various presentations on the future of fisheries policy and fisheries as follows: “Fisheries Policies of the Moon Jae-in Administration” (Seo Jangwoo Seo, Deputy Minister for Fisheries Policy, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries Korea, now the president of the National Institute of Fisheries Science), “World Fisheries University (WFU): Global Edu-Missions Achieving Sustainable Fisheries” (Sang-Go Lee, CHAPTER REPORTS Pukyong Nat’l Univ.), “Substituting a plant byproduct for fish meal in commercial tilapia feeds” (Christopher Lyon Brown, WFU), and “The Future of Food Security Through Sustainable Aquaculture” (Juan Pablo Lazo, President, World Aquaculture Society). Wando Fisheries High School’s 2017 trip to Singapore Wando Fisheries High School (Principal Dr. Gui-Kwon Jung, Chairperson of the principals’ council of fisheries and oceanography high schools) has conducted a school trip abroad every year to foster Global Young Masters in fisheries since 2014. This year, all 79 firstyear students experienced a unique and inspiring global experience in Singapore from October 23 to 27. They had an excursion to the Port of Singapore Authority, the Urban Redevelopment Authority, the Singapore Botanic Gardens, Kampong Glam, The National University of Singapore, Sentosa Island, and the S.E.A. Aquarium. “I hope that our students will become Global Young Masters with sophisticated and active international sense through on-site learning in Singapore,” said Principal Jung. The Wando Fisheries High School has been designated as the only high school specializing in fisheries education in Koria and aims to foster Global Young Masters. — Ik Kyo Chung, President Trust us to share your unique products across the globe! Gainesville, FL USA • 352-377-0133 • www.qcsinfo.org for the global organic and ethical marketplace We o er third-party certi ications or: • Organic European Union & Canada • QCS Organic Private Standard • GLOBALG.A.P. IFA-Aquaculture (GFSI recognized) • Friend of the Sea Add-On (FoS) • Compound Feed Manufacturing (CFM) • GLOBALG.A.P. Risk Assessment on Social Practice (GRASP) • QCS Aquaponics Private Standard • BRC / IFS (GFSI recognized) • ISO 9000 / ISO 14000
8 DECEMBER 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG LACQUA17 is over now, but I’m sure it’s still alive in the memory of the lucky ones who had the opportunity to be in Mazatlán (México) in November. Conferences are the place to meet old friends, make new ones, visit the trade show, and get to know what is new in the aquaculture world by listening to oral presentations and visiting the posters. Furthermore, conferences are also good opportunities to get to know beautiful places and different cultures. In that way, México was not different. Apart from the beautiful scenery, the country was still celebrating the Dia de dos Muertos holiday when conference attendants flew into Mexico City. I was overwhelmed by the richness of this celebration. The Catrinas and other personages of Dia de los Muertos made really a strong impression on me, especially at dusk, when the city lights were just coming on. By the numbers, LACQUA17 was a great success. There were 1,298 participants from 32 countries. Out of the five inhabited continents, there were representatives from all over the world. Of course, México led the way with 864 participants, but the LACC region was well represented, with participants from 14 countries. Conference Chairs Antonio Garza and Juan Pablo Lazo did an amazing job setting up such a great conference. There were 357 abstracts submitted for LACQUA17 and presentations were made in in 29 sessions that covered all aspects of the aquaculture industry. You name it, we had it. I would like to thank Program Chairs Francisco Javier Martines Cordero and Maria Celia Portella for coordinating such a large program and interacting with Session Chairs to secure a successful conference. The invaluable contribution of Session Chairs is also acknowledged. LACC conferences value the participation of students. For that, special rates were provided, so students can spare some money from registration and invest it in airline tickets and accommodation. Here I take the opportunity to congratulate Samia Sarkis, Chair of the Student Committee, for organizing all student activities with such passion. She managed to put together a hardworking committee to make sure all students were taken good care of during the conference. Samia counted on a big help from Jose Pablo Fuentes Quezada during the conference. Pablo, originally from Costa Rica, is a graduate student of the Aquaculture Department at CICESE (Ensenada, México). LACC is already planning the next chapter conferences. Please save the dates to visit Bogotá, Colombia, from October 23-26 next year and San Jose, Costa Rica, from November 1922 in 2019. More information on upcoming LACC conferences can be found on our website (www. was.org/LACC/en/portal.aspx) or on Facebook (@ laccwas). Samia Sarkis (Director), Laurence Massaut (Treasurer) and Antonio Garza (Past President) are leaving the LACC Board of Directors. We appreciate very much their invaluable contributions to our chapter and membership. Nash Rodríguez, LACC secretariat, is also leaving us. We thank her for all the good work she has done for LACC. At the same time, I welcome new LACC Board of Directors members. Adriana Patricia Muñoz Ramírez from Colombia is a new Director and Daercy Ayroza from Brazil is the new Treasurer. Laurence Massaut is coming back as President-Elect. Last but not least, I also thank Lorenzo Juarez, who is leaving the President position but remaining on the LACC Board of Directors as Past President. It is my first week as LACC President and I can already feel the pressure to continue the good job Lorenzo has done. I am sure that, with his assistance and the good work of our Board of Directors, LACC will continue to grow and serve its membership well. — Luís André Sampaio, President Student Awards at LACQUA 17 There was a healthy competition among students for the best oral and poster presentations at LACQUA 17. Pentair has been sponsoring these prizes for the last couple of years, and in Mazatlan US$ 600.00 was apportioned to the winners. Oral Presentation First place: Pedro G. Romero-García, Juan M. Pacheco-Vega, Marco A. Cadena-Roa, Oscar I. Zavala-Leal, Francisco J. Valdez-González, Daniel E. Godínez-Siordia for “Reduction or replacement of dry diets by macroalgae in a biofloc system for shrimp Penaeus vannamei production.” (Respuesta de un sistema biofloc a la sustitución y disminución de alimento inerte por macroalgas en un cultivo de camarón blanco Penaeus vannamei). Second Place: Andressa Vieira de Moraes, Lilian D. Latin American and Caribbean Chapter CHAPTER REPORTS Luís André Sampaio (LACC President) and Maria Célia Portella (WAS President-Elect) presented Jose Pablo Fuentes Quezada - LACQUA 17 Student Coordinator - a certificate of recognition for his hard work.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 9 Steckert, Gabriel F.A. Jesus, Adolfo Jatobá for “Selection of an autoctone prebiotic for Astyanax bimaculatus.” (Seleção de prebiótico autóctone para Astyanax bimaculatus). Third Place: Yenitze Fimbres, Rosalía Servín, Rodolfo Garza, Masato Endo, Kevin Fitzsimmons, Maurício Emerenciano, Francisco Magallón for “Modeling and flow of macro and micro nutrients in an integrated system of recirculation and hydroponic horticulture.” (Modelación y flujo de macro y micro nutrientes en un sistema integrado por acuicultura de recirculación y horticultura hidropónica). Poster Presentation First Place: Rosa Amparo Ocampo Ayala, Diana P. Herrera Patiño, M. Fernanda Rubio García, Ricardo Sánchez Díaz, Martha E. Quiroz Macías, Cecilia G. Luna Badillo, José C. Ibarra Gámez for “Evaluating the role of marine bacteria added to diets of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei on growth and survival against CHAPTER REPORTS a pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND).” (Evaluación del efecto de bacterias marinas incluidas en alimento sobre el crecimiento y sobrevivencia de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei contra una cepa patógena de Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND)). Second Place: Laura Leticia Bonilla-Aguirre, C. Hernández González, M.F. SotoJiménez, J.A. Cortes Ruiz, M. Betancourt Lozano, P. Almazán Rueda, E.Y. Sánchez Gutiérrez, “Evaluating by-products of tuna on diets to shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: effects on growth and harmlessness.” (Evaluación de los subproductos de atún en la alimentación del camarón blanco Penaeus vannamei: efecto en crecimiento e inocuidad). Third Place: Arely Eliam Paredes Martínez, Benjamín Barón Sevilla, Blanca Claudia Farfán for “Description of gonadogenesis and identification of the sexual differenciation period of Totoaba macdonaldi.” (Descripción de la gonadogénesis e identificación del período de diferenciación sexual de Totoaba macdonaldi). Pedro Romero-Garcia, winner of the best oral presentation, with Jose Pablo Fuentes Quesada, Maria Célia Portella, and Nash Rodríguez (LACC Secretariat). The following special sessions will take place during Aquaculture America in Las Vegas. AquaTools: Smart Siting and Environmental Management Tools for a Growing Aquaculture Industry Good spatial planning, site selection, and farm design are critical to minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring business success. Environmental monitoring is often required to ensure environmental compliance, but similar approaches can also be used by farmers to improve production yield. Farmers, scientists, and policymakers will present on new innovations in this field. The session will provide a cross-sectional perspective on the intersection of environmental management and smart business management. Chairs: James Morris (NOAA National Ocean Service) and Robert Jones (The Nature Conservancy). Offshore Aquaculture New and improved technologies, dynamic forces and deformation of offshore cage systems, modeling of offshore systems, corrosion, net systems, fish escape, antifouling, copper alloys, production methods of commercial finfish, shellfish and algae, broodstock, predation, monitoring, regulations, permitting, coastal and marine spatial planning (CMSP), management protocols, climate, energy and economic factors, among other pertinent subjects will be addressed during this session. Chair: Tetsuzan Benny Ron (bennyron@hawaii.edu). Finfish Larviculture and Live Foods Technologies and methods for production of live food organisms for larviculture, or technologies and methods to culture larvae of finfish species new to culture or to improve fertilization, egg incubation, or larval production of currently cultured species of finfish, among other pertinent subjects will be addressed during this session. Chair: Todd Sink (todd.sink@tamu.edu). Special Sessions Planned for Aquaculture America 2018
10 DECEMBER 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS Three months have passed since my last column and I am thrilled that the board has done some fantastic work for the Asian Pacific Chapter. The last few months have seen several new members joining the APC, and I would like to extend a very warm welcome to them. You did what was right! The board and I Iook forward to serving you the best we can in the years to come. As promised in my last communication, we have drafted a first set of internal guidelines to boost the training and efficiency of new board members running the Chapter. I will revise these again before sending them to the board for approval. Nate, our secretary, has been extremely resourceful with this task and I see this as a great step in supporting the APC in the long run. The Board had approved support of the International Aquaculture Conference Indonesia (IACI 2017), which APC PastPresident Dr. Farshad Shishehchian and I participated in. I had the honor to present the opening lecture on aquaculture sustainability and carrying capacity studies, setting the scene for the two days of meaningful discussions. The studies and research presented were remarkable, and notably Prof. Rokhmin Dahuri offered the audience a very clear and positive overview of ongoing challenges faced in Indonesia. The APC also participated in the AquaSG17 Conference held at Temasek Polytechnic in Singapore, where Nate proudly represented our organization at the WAS-APC booth. There are many events still in the pipeline. The APC has approved support of the 11th Indian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum (11th IFAF) on November 21 to 24. The Chapter will have a booth at the exhibition hall and we hope to attract new members during this event. We will be actively participating in three additional workshops in India, and we eagerly encourage our members there to get involved. At MPEDA (Kochi, Kerala) on November 25, Dr. Sagiv Kolkovski will offer lectures on Artemia enrichment techniques, disease diagnosis in shrimp, and octopus aquaculture. On the same day, also in Kochi-Kerala, Dr. Dinesh Kaippilly will present a lecture on best management practices in aquaculture. In addition, Dr. Felix is organizing a workshop on intensification of shrimp production in Chennai on December 3. This last event is a paid workshop, but APC members will receive an exclusive 25 percent discount on registration fees. More information on these workshops can be found on our website. With these four events in India this year, I can confidently say that we have offered our members in India a wide range of opportunities to network, learn and share information, which in turn will support the development of our industry. I am delighted to see our board members so active! The board is still working on the ongoing plan to develop opportunities for our members in other regions of the chapter, particularly in the Middle East and Myanmar, and hopefully soon in the Philippines and Cambodia. On this note, I would like to remind all members that they are encouraged to suggest topics that should be the focus of conferences and workshops. Please feel free to contact us, we are here to support you! The preparations for APA18 (#APA18) and APA19 (#APA19) are going smoothly and I hope to see many of you at these events. We have also held the first steering committee meeting for WA2020 (#WA2020) in Singapore. I would like to thank all committee members for their active and fruitful contributions. I can assure you that Dr. Leila Basti, as scientific program chair, will be very busy in the near future preparing for this event, and we look forward to making it another great success for WAS. My final word goes out to all members voting in upcoming elections. I have already mentioned how vital is the participation of our members in this imperative and constructive election for the APC. Prof. Endhay Kusnendar is chairing the election process and the ballot is about to be formulated and will be sent to all chapter members very soon. On behalf of the Board, I would like to wish you great success in your work and I hope to bring you more great news three months from now. — Guillaume Drillet, President Asian Pacific Chapter World Aquaculture 2020 to be Held in Singapore WAS Executive Director John Cooksey shakes hands with Mr. Aloyisius Arlando, CEO of SingEx Venues Pte Ltd to begin the process of planning for World Aquaculture 2020, which will be held 8-12 June. Also attending the signing ceremony was WAS-APC President Dr. Guillaume Drillet (R) and, Dr. Farshad Shishehchian (L), Co-chair of the WA2020 Steering Committee and WASAPC Past-President.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 11 Every year, the WAS Board of Directors sponsors a monetary award ($100) to the authors of the best article published in World Aquaculture magazine as a way to encourage high-quality submissions. The WAS Honors and Awards Committee has selected the article by Lorenzo M. Juarez, Pablo A. Konietzko and Michael H. Schwarz on “Totoaba Aquaculture and Conservation: Hope for an Endangered Fish from Mexico’s Sea of Cortez.” As a consequence of this article, additional attention is being directed to conservation of the endangered totoaba. Congratulations to Lorenzo and his co-authors! Best Article in World Aquaculture in 2016 This issue’s selected research publication from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society is “Phosphorus Budget in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture Systems with Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum.” Authors are Fernanda S. David, Danilo C. Proença and Wagner C. Valenti and the paper is found in volume 48(3):402414. Over the last decade there has been a burgeoning interest in integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems (IMTA). Most aquaculture systems can be classified as monospecific. Ecological principals are demonstrated by the characteristics of efficiency and stability found in community food webs composed of an array of species representing different trophic levels. IMTA systems are a step toward the application of the food web concept in aquaculture production. In such systems, directly fed species are cultured in association with extractive species that benefit from the availability of nutrients from uneaten feed and feces produced. Nutrients from these sources are thus incorporated into extractive species. Therefore, a principal outcome of IMTA systems is enhancement of nutrient utilization efficiency, resulting in less phosphorus released in discharged effluent. IMTAs can therefore contribute to environmental sustainability of aquaculture production. Furthermore, additional income can be realized by farming two species. In this investigation, the authors evaluated the source and fate of phosphorus with earthen ponds where IMTA management was practiced. The fed species was Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and the extractive species was Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum. There were three treatments, each with four replicates. Two treatments consisted of ponds having one of two different substrates and one treatment consisted of ponds without any substrate. Substrates were positioned in ponds and became colonized by periphyton that was presumably consumed by prawns as an additional source of nutrition. Periphyton also served as a nutrient sink for phosphorus. At the inception of the experiment, amounts of phosphorus in several compartments were measured. Between 73 and 95 percent of phosphorus was introduced to ponds from three principal sources: tilapia feed, inlet water and fertilizer. Feed for the fed species was the principal source of phosphorus in all treatments, Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society ranging between 50-60 percent. Inlet water was the second highest input source of phosphorus (17-27 percent). The phosphorus content of rainwater introduced to ponds during the study was calculated and included. Input quantities were not statistically different among treatments. The fate of phosphorus that entered ponds was principally accumulation in pond sediment, increased fish and prawn biomass and outlet water. The percentage of phosphorus found in the tilapia and prawns of the IMTA system (20-28 percent) exceeded the percentages previously determined in the biomass of either species in monoculture (10-20 percent). Higher stocking densities of the prawns would likely increase the comparatively small amount of phosphorus that was retained in prawn biomass (1-2 percent), relative to fish biomass. The expectation of significantly greater recovery of phosphorus in fish and prawn biomass from the presumed consumption of periphyton growing on substrate was not realized. However, the two treatments with substrates retained twice as much phosphorus added to ponds over the grow-out period, thereby significantly reducing the quantity of phosphorus lost to outlet water. Between 60 and 68 percent of the total phosphorus accumulated in the sediment of ponds in all treatments. Additionally, no significant difference for each of the phosphorus outputs was observed among treatments, except for phosphorus in effluent from ponds without substrate, which was significantly higher. The lack of significantly different, treatment-dependent values for other output compartments may be the result of high variation among values. No significant differences in productivity were observed among the three treatments. The combined productivity realized after 140 days of culture in the IMTA system was 5,350 kg/ha, consisting of approximately 91 percent fed tilapia and 9 percent extractive prawns. Despite wide variation in phosphorus values for different compartments, this investigation substantiates the obvious value of IMTA systems. These systems effectively increase nutrient recovery in the harvested biomass of two species, primarily introduced through feed. IMTA systems are an example of a management practice that will positively contribute to the realization of environmentally sustainable aquaculture, particularly in earthen ponds, which currently represent the predominant system used for (CONTINUED ON PAGE 12)
12 DECEMBER 2017 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Global Aquaculture Production Statistics — Interpret At Your Own Risk The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has been producing capture fisheries and aquaculture production data for many decades. Originally these were published annually as hard copy publications; latterly they have become far more readily accessible through the internet (FAO 2017). New data, together with revisions of data previously published for earlier years, is issued roughly 15 months after the end of each calendar year (for example, the data currently available are for 2015; those for 2016 should become available in the spring of 2018). Many (perhaps most) WAS members have used these data — in research papers, articles and reviews (e.g. New and Nair 2012). They are also extensively used by public and private organisations — national and regional governments, banks, aid organisations, universities, trainers, NGOs, feed and equipment manufacturers, producers’ organisations, exporters and importers, food buyers, et al. — to forecast supply and demand. We have been aware that accuracy has been a problem, especially in the data from several of the major aquaculture producing nations. All of us abide by the precautionary principle that ‘there are lies, damn lies and statistics.’ However, we have continued to use the data provided by FAO — for reporting and forecasting purposes — in the absence of any other more accurate information. What is alarming is the scale of the problem, which has been recently revealed by FAO itself. In an overview article on global production trends, Zhou (2017) notes that although production of all aquatic animals, plants and non-food products has reached an all-time high, the production of aquatic animals in the first 15 years of the new millennium has gradually slowed down. The increase in global food fish production in 2015 over 2014 (4 percent) is the lowest annual growth rate for several decades. However, what concerns me more than this observation is the author’s exposition of the dubious accuracy and incompleteness of the data used in producing these data and analyses. Quoting verbatim from the paper by Zhou (2017) [the italics are mine]: “….the situation of national aquaculture statistics collection and reporting to FAO remains unsatisfactory. For 2015 data collection FAO received data reports from 118 countries and territories only, representing 58 percent of the aquaculture producer countries and territories in the world. Irrespective of ‘developing’ and ‘developed’ status, non-reporting countries include a considerable number of global and regional major aquaculture producer countries. Among the received data reports, the majority of them have substandard reporting quality in terms of completeness, timeliness, consistency and accuracy, etc. In the absence of national reporting (including incomplete recording), FAO has to harvest national data from known official sources or make estimates based on the best available evidence from various alternative sources. In 2015 about 66 million tonnes (88.7 percent) of the world food fish aquaculture production quantity corresponds to reported data, while the rest (8.7 million t, 21.3 percent [sic]) corresponds to harvested data and FAO estimates.” It is therefore clear that 83 of the 201 countries currently with aquaculture production are not reporting data to FAO at all, requiring information to be prised out of other national sources or estimated by FAO staff. More alarming still is the revelation that FAO itself questions the accuracy of the data reported by those countries that do ostensibly cooperate. These countries include many of the major aquaculture producing nations. It is clear therefore that we are all using data of seriously dubious quality, not only to record the progress of global, regional and national aquaculture production but also to forecast the future of our industry. We have no alternative. My purpose in writing this short note is to publicize this fact, to advise every data user and forecaster to be cautious and to urge those with influence to help their countries collect, analyse and report their production data to FAO more accurately and efficiently. No criticism of FAO is intended or implied. The fault lies with national data collecting agencies. — Michael B. New, Past President, World Aquaculture Society References FAO. 2017. http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/ New, M.B. and C.M. Nair. 2012. Global scale of freshwater prawn farming. Aquaculture Research Special Issue Giant Prawn 2011 43:960-969. Zhou, X. 2017. An overview of recently published global aquaculture statistics. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 56:6-8. Recent Research Highlight, continued from page 11 extensive and semi-intensive culture globally. The accumulation of phosphorus in sediment observed in this study warrants solutions to a critical need to develop feeds containing phosphorus sources that are readily available and highly digestible by the fed species. Also, as emphasized by the authors, the results point to the need for development and implementation of management practices that will uniquely mitigate the accumulation of or remove phosphorus in sediment in earthen ponds. — Lou D’Abramo, Section Editor, JWAS
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=