WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2017 45 Sector Characterization During 2016, farms were analyzed from eight aquaculture centers in three states in Brazil: Guapé, Felixlândia, and Morada Nova de Minas in Minas Gerais (MG); Mogiana, Riolândia, and Santa Fé do Sul in São Paulo (SP); and Joinvillle and Tubarão in Santa Catarina (SC). Five farms produced tilapia in cages, three produced tilapia in earthen ponds. The starting point for comparative analysis of the farms surveyed in 2016 was to define the size of the typical producer in terms of volume and production value, area, final density and duration of the production cycle (Table 1). In tilapia farms operating in earthen ponds, properties are typically family-owned, such as in SC, where fish farming shares territory with agriculture and pasture. Average annual production is about 25 t, equivalent to US$ 37,962. There are also family-owned tilapia cage farms, with an annual production of 21 t, corresponding farm along the production cycle that will be consumed in the time interval. The index aggregates variable cost items such as feed, labor (manpower), energy, fuel, vaccines, fertilizers, maintenance and part of fixed costs, including taxes, labor benefits, union taxes, among others. Total operating cost (TOC) consists of EOC plus machinery/equipment and facilities depreciation and remuneration for farmer labor. Finally, total costs (TC) are calculated as TOC plus capital remuneration in machinery/equipment and facilities besides opportunity cost. Economic results were expressed through profitability margins: gross margin, net margin and profit or loss. Gross margin was calculated as gross revenue minus EOC, net margin was calculated as gross revenue minus TOC, and profit was calculated as gross revenue minus TC. Gross revenue was calculated as the sales price per kg received by the farmer multiplied by annual production (kg). (CONTINUED ON PAGE 46) FIGURE 3. Tilapia in earthen ponds in Santa Catarina. Photo: Andrea Muñoz. FIGURE 4. Panel with tilapia farmers. Photo: Fabricio Rezende. TABLE 1. Volume and value of production, sales price received by farmers, duration of production cycle, final density and area of production of typical farmers in various production centers. Center/species/type Annual Sales Annual Cycle of Final Area of of production system production price production production density production (kg) (US$/kg) value (US$) (days) (fish/m3) (m2) Tilapia in Cages Felixlândia - MG 72,960 1.96 143,129.85 210 74 4,800 Guapé - MG 21,000 2.08 43,872.76 271 78 2,000 Morada Nova de Minas - MG 92,340 1.70 157,440.38 210 99 29,000 Santa Fé do Sul - SP 443,471 1.51 671,141.83 195 79 10,000 Riolândia - SP 129,600 1.51 196,551.50 210 89 20,000 Tilapia in Earthen Ponds Joinville - SC 38,385 1.51 57,878.21 330 2.6 18,000 Tubarão - SC 25,200 1.51 37,961.54 365 3.0 15,000 Mogiana (Mococa) - SP 23,940 1.92 46,038.46 300 3.9 9,000
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=