World Aquaculture Singapore 2022

November 29 - December 2, 2022

Singapore

VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT OF LOKAN Geloina expansa AND CHALLENGES POSED BY COVID-19 IN SALUT, TUARAN

Michelin Collyen Jimmy*, Madihah Jafar Sidik and Saleem Mustafa

Borneo Marine Research Institute

Universiti Malaysia Sabah,

88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

 Email: cjmichelin22@gmail.com

 



The COVID-19 pandemic was a serious challenge to seafood security in Sabah, which is very blessed to have a large coastal area and the rest of the country. In Salut, Tuaran, a commercially valuable marine organism, was the mangrove clam, or Geloina expansa, also known as lokan. The grilled mangrove clams and coconut desserts are among the famous street foods around Kota Kinabalu. However, the information on the status, distribution, and supply chain of the mangrove clam is poorly documented in Sabah. This study aimed to establish the structure of the value chain of lokan (Geloina expansa) in Salut, Tuaran, identify the disruptions caused by the lockdown, and examine the impact of the supply chain disruptions on each level of the chain. A set of questionnaires concerning the Delphi method for interviewing the fishermen, middlemen, and stall owners in Salut. The questionnaires are divided into three parts: the first was socio-demographic data, part 2 was the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the last part was the comparison of the business operations before and during the pandemic. The interviews were conducted from November 2021 to January 2022. There are 16 out of 46 stall owners who were interviewed. According to a series of interviews, most stall owners were between 32 and 41 years old and were Bajau ethnic. In addition, most stall owners only get to the primary school level. Most mangrove clam businesses are family businesses established around 1997 to 2022. The range of income for most of the stall owners was less than RM1830 per month during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are four layers of the value chain of mangrove clams in Salut, Tuaran, which consist of fishermen, middlemen, stall owners, and customers. According to interviewed stall owners, the challenges they face during the pandemic are lower demand. It is hard to meet the middlemen, such as the closure of the country and state border from March 2020 to May 2020 and the strict documentation movement regulations. In addition, some of the stall owners do not use any online platform for marketing their products. Some stall owners’ lack of information technology (IT) knowledge might be due to age and health factors in selling their products. The state government could devise appropriate measures or offer incentives to combat digital poverty in this state, particularly among small business owners. Digital development in this state should be prioritised to ensure the community is familiar with an online business.