World Aquaculture Singapore 2022

November 29 - December 2, 2022

Singapore

FUNTIONAL FEEDS FOR THE INHIBITION OF AQUACULTURE PATHOGENS

Kaarunya Sampathkumar*, Li Ling Tan, Mingyue Sun, Patricia Lynne Conway, Say Chye Joachim Loo

School of Materials Science and Engineering

Nanyang Technological University

50, Nanyang Avenue

Singapore 639798

 



There has been an increasing demand for fish production due to the expanding global population. The global aquaculture production has expanded about 527% from 1990 to 2018 [1]. Bacterial infections and disease outbreak are serious threats to the aquaculture industry which contribute to severe economic losses in the sector. An estimated total loss of more than $6 Billion USD per year is due to disease outbreak [2]. In the past 50 years, antibiotics have been the most widely used strategy to combat aquaculture related diseases. However, usage of such antibiotics is unsustainable as it can result in the development of reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria and transferable resistance genes in fish pathogens and other bacteria in aquatic environments. This potential negative effect of residual antibiotics of aquaculture has resulted European Union, USA and China regulators to either ban or heavily restrict the usage of antibiotics as treatment for aquacultures [3]. In order to move away from antibiotics, there has been a huge impetus on developing sustainable practices to tackle aquaculture pathogens. One of the strategies widely studied for this purpose is the use of probiotics in aquaculture diet. Probiotics in fish diet have been shown to improve the growth and immunity in fishes. The mechanism of antimicrobial effect of these probiotics can be attributed to the colonization of beneficial bacterial in the fish gut, producing antimicrobial agents which compete and outweigh the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In addition to probiotics that offer disease resistance, the focus has also shifted towards using compounds extracted from natural food-based sources, generally termed as nutraceuticals, to exploit their beneficial effects into sustainable aquaculture practices. While studies of probiotics and nutraceuticals have proven their inhibition effect towards common pathogens in aquaculture, all the past studies have been focused only on using either probiotics or nutraceuticals separately. There is a dearth of studies in investigating the combined effect of probiotics and nutraceuticals against aquaculture pathogens. In light of this, this work explores the possibility of combining the use of probiotics and nutraceuticals in fish diets that could lead to potential synergistic effects between the two. Such functional diets could be used not only to combat disease outbreak but also to improve the growth performance of the diet.

  1. FAO. 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. Towards Blue Transformation. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0461en
  2. Mishra, Sudhansu S. & Das, Rakesh & Swain, Priyabrat. (2019). Status of Fish Diseases in Aquaculture and assessment of economic loss due to disease.
  3. Y. Shao, Y. Wang, Y. Yuan, and Y. Xie, "A systematic review on antibiotics misuse in livestock and aquaculture and regulation implications in China," Science of The Total Environment, vol. 798, p. 149205, 2021