VOLUME 46, NUMBER 4 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY DECEMBER 2015 W RLD AQUACULTURE SEAHORSE AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2015 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. Tel: +1-225-578-3137; Fax: +1-225-578-3493; e-mail: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2015-2016 Rebecca Lochmann, President Graham Mair, Past-President Juan Pablo Lazo, Pesident-Elect Wendy Sealey, Treasurer Patricia Abelin, Secretary DIRECTORS Francisco S. Gomes Roy Palmer Zuridah O. Merican Carole R. Engle Kathleen Hartman Patricia Moraes Valenti CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Farshad Shishehchian, Asian Pacific Michael Denson, USAS Lorenzo Juarez, Latin America and Caribbean Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 Tel: +1-760-751-5005; Fax: +1-760-751-5003 e-mail: worldaqua@aol.com MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPONDENCE: Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. E-mail: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2014, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 46 NO. 4 DECEMBER 2015 Cover: A 100-d old hybrid seahorse (Hippocampus erectus ♂ × H. reidi ♀) produced at Florida Institute of Technology’s Vero Beach Marine Laboratory as part of experiments on hybridization and morphology. Photo: Adeljean L.F.C. Ho. 8 Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2016 Planned for Surabaya, Indonesia 9 Indonesia — the Next Aquaculture Juggernaut Roy Palmer 10 Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Re-Launch Activities Scheduled for Aquaculture 2016 in Las Vegas 12 An Interview with Dr. M. Vijay Gupta 17 Recent Advancements in Seahorse Aquaculture and Conservation Nancy Kim Pham Ho and Junda Lin 21 Metabolomics: An Innovative and Powerful Tool That Will Revolutionize Aquaculture Andrea C. Alfaro and Tim Young 24 Effects of Circular Fish Cage Arrays on Current Dynamics: Implications for Near-field Velocity Reduction, Nutrient Concentrations and Cage Clearance Times A. Turner, J. Del Bel Belluz, S. Sprague, A. Byrne and G.K. Reid 30 Why Tilapia from China Are the Cheapest? An Analysis Based on Statistical Data Jianzhen Lu and Xu Xiang 34 Pilot, Commercial-Scale Testing of Promising Diets for Intensive Cultivation of Black Sea Bass and Southern Flounder Md. Shah Alam, Wade O. Watanabe, Mathew Dawson and Patrick Carroll 42 A Preliminary Assessment of Gender in Aquaculture in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam Arlene Nietes Satapornvanit, Amonrat Sermwatanakul, Kanit Naksung, Kao Sochivi, Nguyen Thi Phuong Dung, Yuan Derun and Nikita Gopal 47 Toward the Professionalization of Aquaculture: Serving as Peer Reviewer for an Academic Aquaculture Journal Rodrigue Yossa 52 Pengba, a Prospective Species for Diversification of Carp Polyculture: Conservation and Future Prospects B.K. Behera, D. K. Meena, Pronob Das, N.S. Singh and S. Pakrashi 56 Production Performance of Tambaqui in Small Cages Carlos Alberto Da Silva 58 Using Equations to Improve Feeding and Growth of Channel Catfish William A. Wurts 61 Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species of Hurijala Wetland, Tripura, India: A Case Study Pampa Bhattacharya and Debtanu Barman 64 Prospects for Biotechnology Development of Aquaculture in Southern Russia G.G. Matishov and E.N. Ponomareva (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 DECEMBER 2015 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column During the second trimester of my presidency, WAS committees got down to the difficult business of accomplishing their tasks. Building on the momentum of the Jeju meeting, the Communications Committee and the reinvigoration plan for JWAS have been in full swing. The Awards Committee was given a number of new initiatives, including revising student abstract award procedures, and introducing a new award for a student or young scientist to honor the late M.C. Nandeesha. It remains a challenge to identify worthy candidates for the Honorary Life, Exemplary Service and Fellows awards from a variety of countries where prominent aquaculture professionals work and reside. Recently the composition of the Awards Committee was altered to include all Chapter Presidents and an industry representative in an effort to increase the diversity of nominees. However, I strongly encourage each member to be active in nominating fellow colleagues who you consider worthy of WAS recognition. We have instituted the practice of retaining application packets in active status for three years after submission. We hope this will encourage more members to make the significant investment of time and effort needed to compile nomination packets. In many of the top aquaculture-producing countries, WAS is still not a household name among aquaculture scientists, policymakers and industry suppliers. To address this, our Board members, Past Presidents and Fellows are sharing the benefits of WAS membership with colleagues in different regions through conferences, workshops and other venues. We plan to increase and diversify our communications before and during these events to give current and potential new members more opportunities to engage meaningfully with WAS. Financially our organization depends heavily on revenues from conferences. Offering more conferences and workshops in different regions requires a greater investment initially, with the expected benefit of increased membership and awareness of WAS as the payoff. Although some of these activities have not been profitable, the groundwork has been laid for stronger ties with a country such as India, which has an enormous aquaculture industry. Aside from India, a number of Asian, African and Middle Eastern countries have shown substantial interest in partnering with WAS on academic and industry issues. As I write this, final arrangements are being implemented for the meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Chapter in Fortaleza, Brazil. The Chapter successfully completed an election recently and new Board members will begin their term at the meeting. The WAS Board will also hold their midyear meeting in Fortaleza. Prior to the regular Board meeting, a special two-day session will be held to focus exclusively on updating the Strategic Plan of WAS. Although we made a major overhaul of the plan several years ago, the logistics of keeping the plan updated and some mismatches between strategies, goals and committee activities still need to be addressed. We have a dedicated, determined group of individuals ready to tackle those challenges and clarify our path forward for the next five years. Speaking of the future, the Election Committee has been in lively discussions about potential nominees for new Board members, and will present the slate of candidates for the next election in Fortaleza. Once new Board members are elected, detailed descriptions of duties and expectations for their respective positions will be provided to remind them that Board positions are not ceremonial titles — they come with a great deal of responsibility. Board members are volunteers, but being part of the WAS Board requires a significant investment of time and effort. It is an honor and privilege to serve WAS and the members who elect the Board are right to expect this dedication. As always, the Home Office, Mario Stael, and John Cooksey are steadfast and dependable in helping us chart our course into new territory, while maintaining the benefits and services that our current members value. We are also fortunate to have many experienced WAS members actively pursuing new opportunities for our organization “behind the scenes” and working to elevate the global visibility and influence of WAS. However, we welcome and appreciate input from all members to help shape the future of the Society and allow us to evolve along lines that will benefit our diverse membership. — Rebecca Lochmann, President Contents (continued) Society 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Korean Chapter Report 5 USAS Report 6 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 8 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 67 Financial Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Advertiser’s Index 72 Strategic Plan Feedback 72 Membership Application
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2015 3 Editor’s Note Scientists from China recently published a study that found evidence of resistance to polymixins, a last-resort class of antibiotics, in pigs and humans. Colistin is widely used in livestock farming in China to promote animal health and growth. The gene for resistance was found on highly-mobile plasmids that allow transfer of the gene to different types of bacteria. For now, the gene appears to be confined to bacterial populations in China, but global spread appears to be inevitable. This is the latest example of a ‘superbug,’ or a multi-drug resistant microbe, that has public health officials and veterinarians alarmed about the prospects of a global health crisis. What is most concerning is that veterinary use of colistin has led to drug resistance of bacteria found in slaughtered animals, meat in the food supply and in humans. Another example of the mobility of plasmids was demonstrated recently in a paper that identified a strain of Vibrio harveyi that causes AHPND/EMS in shrimp in Vietnam. Until now, the diseasecausing agent has been identified as V. parahaemolyticus. This demonstrates that toxin genes and their related plasmid sequences could be transferred to different Vibrio species. So, what are the implications of these findings for aquaculture? Examples of resistant strains of Aeromonas, Edwardsiella and Vibrios to tetracycline and sulfonamide in aquaculture settings have been demonstrated. Affected species include Atlantic salmon, penaeid shrimps, pangasius, tilapia, rainbow trout, channel catfish, eels and prawns, among others. In these cases, antibiotic resistance is genetically transferable. In some cases (e.g. Vibrio), horizontal transfer of genes for antibiotic resistance on plasmids can occur from fish pathogens to human pathogens. In a short review of antibiotic use in aquaculture, Felipe Cabello stated that overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture, especially prophylactic use, has resulted in “the emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria in aquaculture environments, in the increase of antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens, in the transfer of these resistance determinants to bacteria of land animals and to human pathogens, and in alterations of the bacterial flora both in sediments and in the water column.” Of course, there is also justifiable concern about the safety of seafood produced in aquaculture using antibiotics. A Consumer Reports study from April 2015 indicated that “of 205 raw farmed imported shrimp samples [to the US], 11 samples from Vietnam, Thailand, and Bangladesh tested positive for one or more antibiotics: Nine tested positive for oxytetracycline, three contained enrofloxacin, and two contained sulfa antibiotics.” Vietnam continues to struggle with antibiotic residues in exports of shrimp and pangasius. The US food retailer giant Costco recently decided to reduce purchases of farmed salmon from Chile because of concerns about antibiotic use. Chilean salmon farmers use quinolones prophylactically to manage Piscirickettsiosis. In contrast to the salmon farming sector in Chile, antibiotic use in Norway is much less. Salmon farmers in Chile use about 630 g/t while their counterparts in Norway use 1.4 g/t. In the late 1980s in Norway, furunculosis was routinely managed by mixing antibiotics with feed. By the mid-1990s, salmon producers had shifted to controlling this disease through vaccination, leading to a dramatic decline in antibiotic use. Vaccination is clearly an effective approach to avoid concerns about food safety and the development of antibiotic resistance. In addition, genetic selection for disease resistance and management practices such as keeping a single generation at a site and site fallowing contribute to the reduced need for antibiotics. There are other encouraging trends in aquaculture, notably the increasingly widespread use of probiotics. Feed additives such as enzymes, organic acids, phospholipids, seaweed extracts and immunologically-active compounds can promote good health and growth of cultured animals. There are also emerging techniques to design antimicrobials that target specific genes that code for virulence factors. So-called decoy proteins that mimic antigens produced by pathogenic bacteria can be used to modulate the immune response. Viruses that attack pathogenic bacteria — bacteriophages — can be genetically engineered. Another important trend is the rise of certification schemes, which limit or proscribe antibiotic use. One new, exciting and emerging technique is gene editing with a tool called CRISPR. With CRISPR, an enzyme that cuts DNA (a nuclease) is guided by a short strand of RNA (easily synthesized in the laboratory) that can locate a specific gene. The technique allows the easy change, replacement or deletion of genes with great accuracy. Think of it as gene microsurgery. There are a number of ethical concerns about using CRISPR, especially in editing genes of germlines, but the promise and potential seem enormous. It’s only a matter of time before this technique is applied in the context of aquaculture. It’s easy to envision applications of this gene therapy technique to enable fish to better fight infectious diseases. The techniques used to develop the recently approved genetically engineered salmon will soon seem primitive. CRISPR has also been found to play a role in bacterial virulence, infection and evasion of the host immune system. In some bacteria, the absence of CRISPR was associated with antibiotic resistance and is thus valuable in bacterial typing. Although there are certainly examples of antibiotic resistant bacteria developing in the context of aquaculture, there have not been the superbugs with multi-drug resistance that have arisen from prophylactic or indiscriminant use of antibiotics in terrestrial animal production. Despite shortcomings, it seems likely that superbugs will not occur as the result of current aquaculture practices, although the risk should not be dismissed altogether. With best practices and new approaches, including the potential afforded by gene editing, the likelihood of multi-drug resistant superbugs in aquaculture can be minimized. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Superbugs and Aquaculture
4 DECEMBER 2015 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS Ninth International Abalone Symposium The Ninth International Abalone Symposium (IAS 2015) was held from 5-10 October at the MVL Hotel in Yeosu, Korea. There were approximately 300 participants from 16 countries and almost 200 abstracts were presented in various scientific sessions. The next symposium will be held in China. Members of the Korean Chapter of WAS who participated in the symposium included Prof. Choi Kwang-Sik (as CoChair, Jeju National University) and Prof. Hankyu Lim (as IAS Executive Committee Chair, Mokpo National University). Ninth World Ocean Forum 2015 The World Ocean Forum (WOF), the ‘Davos Forum’ of marine affairs, celebrated its ninth annual event. Over the past years, the world’s greatest marine scholars and experts have held in-depth discussions on various global maritime issues and have been looking for alternative solutions to problems. The energy crisis, climate change and other environmental issues now attract global attention more than ever before. Under the theme of “Footprint 70 Years and Forecast 30 Years of Maritime History,” the 9th WOF 2015 was held from 20-22 October at the Busan Exhibition and Convention Center (BEXCO) in Busan, Korea. It provided an opportunity for researchers and forecasters to discuss future strategies for the next three decades with respect to the ‘Era of Clean Oceans’ by recalling the trajectory of Korean marine affairs after the liberation of Korea and the end of World War II. One session was specifically organized under the theme of “Sustainable Green Fisheries and Aquaculture: Way Forward.” Ms. Dilek Ayhan (Deputy Minister, Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries, Norway) opened the session with her keynote speech on “Blue Growth in Norwegian Aquaculture and Fisheries.” In the fisheries management session chaired by Prof. Young-Soo Jang (Pukyong National University, Korea), presentations were made by Mr. Xu-Bing Fan (Beijing Seabridge Marketing and Consulting Co., China) on “Retrospective and Prospective of China Fishery Management,” Dr. Caleb Gardner (Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia) on “Retrospective and Prospective of Australian Fisheries Management,” and Dr. Jeong-Gon Ryu (Korea Maritime Institute, Korea) on “Retrospective and Prospective of Korean Fisheries Policy.” In a session on the Blue Growth Initiative chaired by Dr. Young-Sang Suh (National Institute of Fisheries Science, Korea), presentations were made by Dr. Bart Vanommen (FAO) on “Blue Growth Initiative,” Prof. Sang-Go Lee (Pukyong National Univ., Korea) on “Korean Fisheries ODA Capacity Training Program,” Dr. Terje Svasand (Institute of Marine Research, Norway) on “Sustainable Aquaculture - Possibilities and Challenges,” and Dr. Jeung-Sook Park (Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Project, Korea) on “International Cooperation for Sustainable Fisheries.” International Conference 2015 of the KOFFST The International Conference 2015 of the Korean Federation of Fisheries Science and Technology Societies (KOFFST) was held on Oct. 30 at BEXCO, Busan under the theme of Fisheries Resource Management and Conservation with a focus on selective fishing gears and methods. Prof. ChoongSik Jang (Chairman, KOFFST) welcomed participants. Prof. Shugo Watabe, President of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science and Dr. Ian J. Winfield, President of The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, delivered congratulatory remarks. A full-day conference was led by the first keynote lecture entitled “Selective Fishing Gear and Methods,” given by Dr. Eduardo Grimaldo (SINTEF, Norway), and the second keynote lecture entitled “Climate Change and Its Impact on Aquaculture in Shallow Seas,” given by Prof. Takao Yoshimatsu (Mie Univ., Japan). Seven scientific sessions on Fisheries Processing/Uses, Aquaculture, Fisheries Resources Ocean Environment, Fish Taxonomy and Ecology, Fish Diseases, Fisheries Technology, and Malacology took place. There were several invited speeches delivered by Prof. Emeritus In-Bae Kim (Pukyong National University Korea) on “Aquaculture — For Sustainable Systems of the Future,” Dr. Teruko Konishi (University of the Ryukyus, Japan) on “Seaweed Polysaccharides: Its Structure and Biological Activities,” Dr. Kil-Bo Shim (NFRDI, Korea) on ”Relationship of pH, Glycogen, Soluble Protein, and Turbidity between Freshness of Raw Oyster, Crassostrea gigas,” Dr. Minseok Yoon (KFRI, Korea) on “Development of the Health Functional Food with Sleep-Enhancing Effects,” Dr. Ian J. Winfield (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, U.K.) on “Seventy Years of Continuous Lake Fish Research at Windermere, UK: Insights into Population Biology, Fisheries, Species Introductions and Climate Change,” Dr. Jae-Goo Kim (Chonbuk National University Korea) on “A Comparative Study on the Retina of 22 Freshwater Fishes in Korea,” Dr. Brett Merritt (Echoview Software Pty Ltd., Australia) on “Echoview: Hydroacoustic Data Processing Software,” Dr. Wu Biao (YSFRI, CAFS, China) on “Shellfish Aquaculture in China: History and Present Condition,” and Dr. Young-Je Park (Sea Green Industry Institute, Korea) on “Present Status and Prospects of Scallop Industry in Korea.” More than 70 talks and 300 posters were presented. This conference was concurrently taking place with the Busan International Seafood and Fisheries EXPO (BISFE) 2015 held from 29-31 October at BEXCO. Sixth Korean Aquaculture Technology Workshop The 6th Korean Aquaculture technology workshop on “Advanced Technology for Oyster Hatchery” was held on 29 October as a satellite event of the Busan International Seafood and Fisheries EXPO 2015 (BISFE 2015) from 29-31 October at BEXCO. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (KOSFAS) supported the workshop and Aqua-Info organized the program. The objective of the workshop was to share information and knowledge on oyster hatchery practices. The workshop gathered over 100 participants, with a mix of farmers, processors, distributors, students, researchers, professors and managers from co-op agencies. The workshop was led by four speakers with five topics: Mr. Tim Reed (Reed Mariculture Inc.) on “Trends of the World Oyster Industry,” Korean Chapter (CONTINUED ON PAGE 5)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2015 5 U.S. Aquaculture Society This quarter the USAS Board has been hard at work getting our new website up and running. Check out USAquaculture.org and see what new features and information are available. One of the tabs is an “In the News” segment that links to articles that feature US aquaculture products and industry news. Two November articles reference positive growth in aquaculture in the United States and a third references a survey that states that 47 percent of the US public view aquaculture negatively. Almost all of this negativity is associated with public perception of farm conditions, human health effects of eating farmed products and concern about the use of feeds and antibiotics. This misperception about our products suggests that we have work to do communicating the benefits, safety and quality of US farmed products. Is farm-raised fish bad for you? I get this question a lot from friends and family and even had a vigorous debate at a friend’s wedding two months ago about trout. My answer is always a resounding NO, followed by a very calm and patient explanation of how aquaculture can be an even more environmentally friendly source of protein than wild-caught fish and that the aquaculture industry is moving to lower reliance on reduction fisheries-based fishmeal and fish oil in diets. I state that the aquaculture industry has very few drugs and chemicals that are legal to use in the United States and if you want to talk about environmental impact such as carbon footprint, aquaculture can be significantly lower than wildcaught fisheries, especially when those fish are shipped from around the world. And finally, yes, we are non-GMO. Next, I pepper them with influential supporting experts. I suggest they contact their favorite supermarket; I often use Whole Foods as an example. They have great information on their website in support of seafood sustainability and aquaculture and people trust it. I say, if you don’t believe me, try the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch website (which has not always been a proponent of aquaculture) and take a look at the Best Choices suggestions: US farm-raised Arctic char, barramundi, striped bass, mollusks, stone crab, crawfish, pompano, scallops, seaweed, shrimp, tilapia and trout. Even the Environmental Defense Fund highlights farmed aquatic animals as best choices. How else can I prove it to you? Could we be experiencing the beginning of a sea change in public perception in regard to aquaculture products? Google an online article on aquaculture and scroll down to the comments section. You now see a lot of comments advocating farmed products, dispelling myths about aquaculture with facts and positive discussion about farm-raised seafood sources that is changing perceptions. I find this very encouraging for our industry that people are beginning to see aquaculture in a more positive light. Yes, 47 percent doesn’t sound great but I think we are moving in the right direction. This type of re-education of the public about aquaculture has to begin and be supported by our entire membership. It really does happen at the grassroots level. Change minds with facts. The Monterey Bay Aquarium is a great example. Over the last several years farm-raised products have increased significantly in their best choices category. Why? Because several hard-working WAS members now help develop the advisories that educate the public about safe and sustainable aquaculture practices. For this reason, we have been able to influence change. What can you do? Take the time to discuss with friends and neighbors in person, by Facebook or email how these publicly ingrained aquaculture myths are just that, myths. Be honest about our past, provide some history and talk about progress, technology, best practices and industry improvements, (excessive) government regulations keeping aquaculture a safe and healthy option in the US, and by all means serve farm-raised products when you can! — Michael Denson, President CHAPTER REPORTS Korea, continued from page 4 and “Improved Hatchery Production – Feeding Microalgae,” Dr. Young Baek Hur (NFRDI, Korea) on “The Trend and Prospect of Korean Oyster Farming Industry,” Dr. Eric C. Henry (Reed Mariculture Inc.) on “High-density Bivalve Larviculture,” and Dr. Frank Scott Rikard (Auburn University, USA) on “Production of Oyster Larvae Using Shellfish Diet.” Jeju Fisheries Aquaculture Coop and H Mart Held ‘Jeju Olive Flounder’ Events in the US The Jejudo Marine Fish-Culture Co-Operative held promotional events in collaboration with H Mart, the largest Korean supermarket in the US, to expand the export market for Jeju olive flounder from 9-11 Oct at two branches in Dallas, Texas and four branches in Atlanta, Georgia. The events included free tasting and a special discount sale (US$17.99 per pound). Officials of the Jejudo Marine Fish-Culture Co-Operative expected that this promotion event could expand the US market for Jeju olive flounder and help the aquaculture industry of Jeju. Upcoming Events in Korea Busan will host the Seventh World Fisheries Congress under the theme “Challenge to Sustainable Fisheries and Safe Seafoods” from 23-27 May 2016 at BEXCO. There will be 38 sessions on the following topics: Aquaculture, Bycatch, Climate Change and Fisheries, Fish Biology, Fisheries Assessment, Food Science, Hydropower and Energy, Management and Social-Ecological Systems, New Techniques and Technology, and Stock Assessment. A successful WAS meeting was held in Busan in 2008 and you are cordially invited to return for WFC 2016. — Ik Kyo Chung, President
6 DECEMBER 2015 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS I want to start by thanking the members of the Latin American and Caribbean Chapter (LACC) of WAS for entrusting me with the presidency of our chapter. I feel honored and will work diligently so that your support is well deserved. LACC operates thanks to a system based on the enthusiastic, voluntary work of its Board of Directors and involved members. I am counting on your support for the complex task of managing and improving our chapter. Working for the chapter is a team effort that begins with your Board of Directors. This year we welcome three new board members, two from countries that have traditionally been under-represented on the board. Samia Sarkis, based in Bermuda, is a new Director; Laurence Massaut, based in Ecuador, takes over as Treasurer; and Luis Andre Sampaio, from Brazil, is the new President-Elect. Please join me in extending a warm welcome to them. Heartfelt thanks to outgoing board members Maria Celia Portella (Past President), Helcio Marquez (Treasurer), and Marcelo Shei (Director) for their years of service. I also want to express special appreciation to Past President Antonio Garza for his leadership and vision during the last two years. Incidentally LACC’s two immediate past presidents Maria Celia Portella and Antonio Garza are now up for election to the board of our parent society for President-Elect and Director, respectively. Please make sure you vote in the upcoming WAS election! These are exciting times for both LACC and WAS. As I write this, I am returning from a very successful LACQUA 2015 meeting in Fortaleza, Brazil. As with previous Brazilian editions, this year’s conference was co-hosted with FENACAM, the Brazilian National Shrimp Growers Convention and co-sponsored by the Government of Brazil. The conference had more than 2,000 participants from industry, academia and government. As has been the norm for our conferences in Brazil, this one was well-attended by students. It included a high-quality program of 260 presentations and about Latin American and Caribbean Chapter (CONTINUED ON PAGE 7) 1 - 2 de Marzo, 2016 TAMPICO, TAMAULIPAS MÉXICO Para mayores informes ingrese a: www.was.org La WAS, a través del Capítulo Latinoamericano y del Caribe (LACC), y el Consejo Nacional del Bagre en México, se complacen en invitarlo a la “Conferencia Global del Bagre”. Ó escríbanos a: lacc@was.org Producción de alevines de Ictalurus Mercados mundiales Nutrición Genética Salud Estadísticas de producción Producción de adultos Potencial de producción en México Costos de producción
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2015 7 380 posters, and a great trade show with about 100 exhibitors from the Brazilian and international aquaculture industries. Everyone commented on the high quality of the presentations, the great attendance, the busy trade show, and of course the traditional warmth of our Brazilian hosts. I am already looking forward to returning to Brazil for LACQUA/ FENACAM in 2019. During the conference in Brazil, the Board of LACC held its last meeting of the year and committees presented reports and results for the year. Briefly our chapter currently has 447 active members distributed by countries/sub-regions as follows: Mexico 36 percent, USA/Canada 18 percent, Brazil 14 percent, Colombia 6 percent, Chile 5 percent, Europe 5 percent, Central America 3 percent, Ecuador 2 percent, and others 11 percent. The chapter is unfortunately not in a strong financial position, due to monetary troubles from an otherwise successful LACQUA 2014 in Guadalajara, Mexico. We trust that the present and future conferences better contribute to the financial resiliency of our chapter. During 2015, the Board of WAS and the membership of LACC approved changes to our bylaws to better reflect those of the parent society. World Aquaculture magazine continues to be translated to Spanish and is available at the WAS website. The Student Activities committee reported 55 student members and the organization of a student reception and awards for best student contributions at the conference. I presented the work plan for the chapter for the upcoming year in Brazil. The plan provides many opportunities for LACC members to get involved with the chapter and I know we can accomplish much with your enthusiastic support. Most of the work by the Board of Directors is done through committees. Every term, the new president appoints chairs, members, and tasks to these committees. Most often committee members are directors or officers of the Board, but any LACC member in good standing can also serve on a committee. I encourage all members to volunteer and participate in committee work. In the name of brevity, I will mention the chairs and highlight what I consider to be the main focus of each committee’s work during the first year of my presidency. The Board’s plan for the upcoming year includes getting the Ambassadors Program off the ground. This critical program was approved by the board this year and is now in charge of LACC’s new President-Elect and Promotion and Membership Committee chair, Luis Andre Sampaio. We already have fulfilled the positions for ambassadors for Brazil, Central America, Europe, USA/Canada, Ecuador, Chile, Peru, and Colombia. All members should expect to be contacted by their ambassadors soon. The Finances Committee is now chaired by our new Treasurer, Laurence Massaut. The committee’s main charge is to ensure the financial stability of our society and to work closely with the conferences steering committees towards the financial success of LACC conventions. On the rules and regulations front, I have asked the appropriate committee, now chaired by Pablo Gonzalez Alanis, to review and adapt WAS regulations for use by LACC. The lack of such document has in the past left the Board without guidance in terms of specific procedures. Our Publications Committee has been charged with updating the website, continuing to translate and make available World Aquaculture magazine in Spanish, revamping our newsletter AquaNoticias, and establishing a LACC presence on social networks. New Director Samia Sarkis now chairs the Student Activities Committee, which is charged with boosting student participation, organizing student activities during events and updating the student section of the website. Next year the Elections Committee, led by Past-President Antonio Garza, will run an election for a new secretary and director; please consider volunteering or nominating LACC members for these important board positions. If you feel strongly about any of the committee’s functions or tasks discussed above, I encourage you to look up the committee chair email address on our website and write to him or her with your ideas and offers of help. It is important that LACC remains a vibrant society and that members are involved in its operation and progress. During the plenary session of the LACC conference in Fortaleza, our chapter honored four distinguished Brazilians for contributions to the chapter and to Brazilian aquaculture. An award was presented to LACC Past-President Maria Celia Portella for distinguished service to the chapter. Itamar Rocha was honored for significant contributions to LACC and to shrimp aquaculture in Brazil, and Ana Carolina de Barros was honored for innovations and significant contributions to shrimp aquaculture in Brazil. The fourth award was very special and emotional, as it posthumously honored Mr. Alexandre Wainberg, after a tragically truncated lifetime of contributions to aquaculture in Brazil. Patricia Moraes Valenti presented the award to Mr. Wainberg’s widow. By the way, Patricia now chairs the Awards Committee which is charged with soliciting nominations and recommending awards to be given during annual conventions. Preparations are underway for future LACC events, including the upcoming Global Catfish Conference planned for 1-2 March 2016 in Tampico, Mexico and LACQUA 2016 to be held 28 November to 1 December 2016 in Lima, Peru. This conference is lining up to be a great one because Peru is a country with great fisheries and aquaculture traditions, not to mention its seafood culinary delights and amazing tourist and cultural attractions, including World Heritage Site Machu Picchu. Also on the topic of conferences, we are enthusiastic about preparations related to recently received confirmation from the Government of Cuba about LACQUA 2017 to be held there. I already sense a buildup of excitement around this event, which will no doubt attract attendants from around the globe and significantly from our region and from North America, as it is possible that direct flights from the USA may be operating by then. I hope to see you all in Peru and Cuba in 2016 and 2017! In my next column I will discuss some of the issues currently facing our society and will report on the progress and intermediate achievements of our committees. Until then, best of luck and keep the fish growing! — Lorenzo Juarez, President We are enthusiastic about preparations related to recently received confirmation from the Government of Cuba about LACQUA 2017 to be held there.
8 DECEMBER 2015 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG In the last quarter of 2015, the performance of regional aquaculture is similar to the first half of the year. A mysterious disease called Running Mortality Syndrome (RMS) has hit farmers in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, India. It apparently occurs one or two months after stocking and is similar to EMS. However, the cause of RMS is different because it comes from using cheap local broodstock. Certainly there is no confirmation and diagnosis about the actual cause even though it is destroying the Indian industry. In Indonesia, white spot disease is still the big problem, even if farm management there alleviates the issue. In Vietnam, deficiencies in the nutritional value of feeds are making shrimp grow slower than expected. We need to help farmers in the region pass through these difficulties faster. We are working on the MECA Aqua 2015, which will take place in Tehran, Iran on 14-16 December 2015. Experts and scientists attending the conference will share knowledge to improve the industry. We have great support from the government and shrimp farmers in Iran. Similarly, for APA 2016 in Surabaya, Indonesia, we have support from public and private sectors. There will be a workshop on Advanced Shrimp Farming, organized by AIT in cooperation with the APC on 20-22 January 2016. — Farshad Shishehchian, President Asian Pacific Chapter CHAPTER REPORT Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2016 (APA 2016) will be held 26-29 April 2016 at Grand City, Surabaya, Indonesia, with the theme Profitability, Sustainability and Responsibility for the Future. The conference will be hosted by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) of Indonesia. Scientists from the regional giants of global aquaculture will gather to discuss the latest developments and technologies in a period when climate change has become a challenge for regional aquaculture. Indonesia is undoubtedly a prominent location for the world to gather and share the latest developments in aquaculture. Furthermore, Indonesia has much to offer from a tourism perspective. APA 2016 will also include IndoAqua 2016, FITA 2016, the International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture (ISTA) 2016 and the 12th All-Indonesian Young Koi Show. The conference will have sessions that cover the full scope of Asian-Pacific aquaculture, including submitted oral and poster presentations and student sessions. APA 2016 will have several special industry sessions with the latest in practical knowledge for local aquaculture producers. APA 2016 will offer exceptional prospects for academics and aquaculture experts to enhance and share knowledge, have peer engagements and widen networks. It will also be an excellent international platform for industry to meet with potential business partners and acquire new markets. The plenary session of APA 2016 will be addressed by leading aquaculture scientists. Endhay Kontara is a senior research scientist at Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), President-Elect of the Asian Pacific Chapter of WAS and a prominent figure in Indonesian aquaculture. His plenary address will provide a perspective on the rapid growth of Indonesian aquaculture and increases in the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture by responsible actions. With a career of more than 30 years in the shrimp industry, Chalor Limsuwan of Kasetsart University in Bangkok will speak on lessons learned in Thailand and other countries on shrimp culture management. The APA16 event promises to be a highlight of the aquaculture year as Indonesia takes the world spotlight. Events such as APA16 are essential for collaboration where information sharing between scientists and business actors in aquaculture come together and where governments interact to create a conducive operational platform for the industry to support food security and nutrition for the people of the region and the world. Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2016 Planned for Surabaya, Indonesia
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2015 9 Indonesia — the Next Aquaculture Juggernaut Roy Palmer TOP. Intensive shrimp farming in Indonesia. BOTTOM. Checking feed trays in an intensively managed shrimp pond. Indonesia understands the enormous potential of the aquaculture sector to provide domestic nutrition and food security requirements as well as foreign exchange earnings from exports. Tuna (wild) and shrimp (wild and farmed) sectors are relatively consolidated and organized, but other sub-sectoxrs — basa, tilapia and seaweed — are in early stages of development. Indonesia is an archipelago with more than 17,000 islands and a coastline of about 95,000 km, with 25 percent of the population residing close to the country’s coast. The area that can potentially be used for aquaculture development is about 26 million ha and thus aquaculture plays an important role in reducing unemployment and providing livelihoods for people in rural areas. The FAO reported that, even in 2003, there were about 2.3 million households involved in aquaculture, representing around 40 percent of those employed in the fisheries sector. Some 60 percent of the nation’s 247 million inhabitants live on Java, which accounts for just 8 percent of the country’s land area. Indonesia’s coastal and marine sector, in particular the small-scale fisheries supported by coral reef ecosystems, is an important economic asset for the country as a whole and for the millions of poor fishing families that depend on it. While marine capture fisheries is the largest sector in terms of production volume, aquaculture has increased in importance in revenue during the past decade because of the increased production of high-value shrimp, much of which is exported to Indonesia’s major seafood markets — the US, the EU and Japan. Aquaculture in Indonesia is practiced in fresh, brackish and marine water using a variety of species, production facilities and methods. Freshwater aquaculture developed in the late 1970s, when there was a significant increase in production following the introduction of new farming technologies that contributed to the availability of hatchery-produced seed and the development of compound feed. Common carp, catfish (Clarias and Pangasius) and Nile tilapia are the most common species farmed in freshwater. Around 1978, brackishwater pond area increased significantly with the successful development of shrimp farming as a result of the eyestalk ablation technique and rapid growth of hatcheries. In South Sumatra and Lampung Provinces, brackishwater pond areas were expanded by the private sector to develop large-scale pond culture using a form of contract farming known as the Nucleus Estate System. Penaeid shrimp and milkfish are the common species. Mariculture has been the most recent development, dominated by groupers such as humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis and brownmarbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Cage culture is used for grouper and rabbitfish, which are produced for live export. Seaweed (Eucheuma and Gracilaria) production is growing significantly and is important in alleviating poverty in poor fishing communities because seaweed is ready to harvest after 45 days. Seaweed production is an integral part of the Indonesian blue economy initiative and fisheries industrialization program. Seaweed production is taking place in 1.1 million ha of coastal areas. There are around 550 species of seaweed found locally, representing almost 50 percent of all global seaweed varieties. The Fisheries Ministry set a production target of 7.5 million t of seaweed for 2013, up 30 percent compared with the 5.2 million t produced in 2012. The Ministry’s target for 2014 was set at 10 million t. The government approach to sustainable fisheries development includes encouraging the growth of aquaculture to ease pressure on marine fisheries. Aquaculture is most developed in west, central and east Java, where the main output is shrimp. Aquaculture accounts for over 20 percent of Indonesia’s overall agricultural economy and over 3 percent of the nation’s GDP. The Indonesian government understands the importance of fish as a protein source in local diets and that fishery products are an important source of foreign exchange earnings. Indonesia’s three large traditional export markets (Japan, the United States and Europe) account for about 70 percent of the country’s total seafood exports. According to government figures, Indonesia’s seafood exports reached a record US$3.6 billion in 2012, up 56.5 percent compared with an export value of US$2.3 billion in 2007. Exports have increased because Indonesia has been one of the few shrimp exporting countries to avoid the dreaded EMS disease, no doubt due to previous experiences and lessons learned with white spot disease, which wiped out many farms and businesses. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 10)
10 DECEMBER 2015 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Highlighting the government’s involvement in aquaculture, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries showcased its blue economy project program at an event held in Rome in June 2014. The blue economy concept — centered on East Lombok (a joint project with FAO), Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, and Nusa Penida, Bali — features an integrated upstream and downstream development program that covers tuna fisheries, aquaculture, marine tourism, salt production and pearl production. Back in 2004, Aceh, located at the northern end of Sumatra, with a population of approximately 5 million, was seriously damaged in an earthquake and tsunami. It has taken many years to get people’s lives and aquaculture back on track and today the fishery sector contributes only 1.4 percent to GDP. Aquaculture production is fast shifting from traditionally produced milkfish and black tiger shrimp to Pacific white shrimp. Other aquaculture species are produced inland (tilapia, carps, basa) and in coastal areas (crabs, grouper, lobster) of the province. Indonesia has much to look forward to. Restoration is taking place in Aceh. With a GDP growth rate of 5.6 percent in 2013, Indonesia is projected to the world’s seventh largest economy by 2030. Currently more than half of the population of Indonesia is under age 30 and the country’s population of middle class consumers is expected to increase from 45 million to 135 million by 2030. Sustainable management is the crux of a long-term future for Indonesian aquaculture, including the development of infrastructure, investment, friendly environment, production and human resources. Future global growth in aquaculture, especially in Indonesia, will be severely constrained if fed aquaculture remains reliant on fishmeal and fish oil. Over the next ten years, Indonesia will face great challenges for the sustainable development of aquaculture. Editor’s Note: Roy Palmer is a WAS Board Member and a Past President of the Asia Pacific Chapter of WAS. A “Re-Launch” of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (JWAS) is planned for Aquaculture 2016 in Las Vegas, USA, February 22-26, 2016. The membership of the World Aquaculture Society is invited to visit the JWAS booth in the trade show at booth #137 to meet the new editorial board and discuss ideas and innovations for the Journal. The new cover design for the Journal will be unveiled by the President during the plenary session of the conference. A “Meet the New JWAS” event during the first Happy Hour will provide an opportunity for members to discuss the new aims, scope and structure of the Journal with the editorial board. Aquaculture 2016 will be an ideal opportunity to share your views and suggestions for the Journal with the editorial board and engage in the process of re-invigorating JWAS. The Journal was identified by the WAS membership as an important benefit of membership. One of the Journal’s unique strengths is its foundation in a global scientific society. Thus, the re-invigoration of JWAS depends upon the engagement of the membership of the Society with the Journal. You can support the re-invigoration of JWAS by: 1. Submitting your best papers to the Journal and encouraging your colleagues to also do so; 2. Developing and submitting review papers of historical and/or current significance relevant to a species, production system, research methodology, national or international set of policies, science basis for regulatory processes, or emerging challenges or opportunities for aquaculture growth and development. 3. Organizing special issues on timely topics of importance to aquaculture. The events at Aquaculture 2016 offer an ideal time to discuss ideas for special issues with the editorial board. The quality of a scientific journal also depends on the review of papers by expert peer reviewers. The timeliness of completion of thorough reviews determines the length of the review process and the time it takes to render a decision on the manuscripts submitted. One way to support the reinvigoration of JWAS is to assist with this critical process. The membership of WAS is encouraged to make a concerted effort to contribute their expertise and time to providing comprehensive reviews of manuscripts submitted when requested by a member of the editorial board. Members can also indicate their interest in assisting with reviews of manuscripts by contacting me at cengle@was.org. The Journal of the World Aquaculture Society is your journal. Take time at Aquaculture 2016 to come by booth #137 and get involved. — Carole Engle, Executive Editor, JWAS Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Re-Launch Activities Scheduled for Aquaculture 2016 in Las Vegas
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjExNDY=