WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2016 13 (CONTINUED ON PAGE 14) social stability; increasing world demand for seafood and especially for aquaculture products; local private investors with confidence in aquaculture; improved production technologies; availability of main goods such as seed (mainly of natural source scallops or imported egg trout and PL shrimp), feed and services; sites with good characteristics, in a long coastline and inland waters and wide market access. Peru will continue to be a country with fisheries gradually transitioning from captured species to aquaculture products. To go through this pathway, the country requires investing in R&D and technology to optimize production of current cultured species and develop emerging ones, especially to overcome climate and oceanic threats such as El Niño, La Niña, flooding rains and red tides. For this reason, part of the national plan of productive diversification from the Production Ministry (MIPE) includes implementation of the three first aquaculture Centers for Productive Innovation and Technology Transfer (CITES) in Puno, San Martín and Piura, constituting an investment of US$ 11 million dollars. Also, some funds have been derived for innovation through the R&D&i Law. Institutional Framework Aquaculture in Peru has great potential for growth, capable of generating formal and high quality jobs. Modernization and strengthening of government entities such as the Production Ministry, Regional Directorates, IMARPE, FONDEPES, ITP (through SANIPES), IIAP and universities will allow the country to establish the columns to support sustainable growth. With this respect a legal framework and available funds have been developed to create the pathway that will allow the industry to reach 2020 goals. Law, it is expected that exports in 2021 will reach more than US$ 700 million dollars, doubling the value in six years. According to PromPeru, it is estimated that shrimp exports in 2014 reached US$ 162.6 million, with the value of scallops US$132.9 million, trout US$ 5.3 million and tilapia US$ 1.9 million. Export markets vary according to species and product presentations. The principal markets are USA, France, Spain, Canada, Germany, Russia, Korea and China. Emerging species such as paiche, gamitana, paco, boquichico, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, flounder and macroalgae such as Sargassum and cochayuyo are considered of potential importance for new development ventures. For instance, in 2015 export markets not only demanded shrimp (67 percent), scallops (24 percent), trout (7 percent) and tilapia (1 percent), but also paiche (Arapaima gigas) appeared in the statistics of exported cultured species (0.1 percent). In 2011, local consumption of aquaculture products was 20,265 t and in 2015, it increased to 39,217 t (Fig. 6), representing a 97 percent growth. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), the national consumption of seafood was 19 kg/capita. In 2014, the local market consumed US$ 180 million dollars of aquaculture products, with a rate of consumption of 1 kg/capita. It is expected that in 2021 aquaculture products worth more than US$ 300 million dollars will be consumed locally, doubling the consumption of aquaculture products. Trout is the main species consumed locally (90 percent), followed by tilapia (4.5 percent), shrimp (2.5 percent) and scallops (1.5 percent). Remarkably trout aquaculture in the last decade has had strong growth. Production was 5,800 t in 2006, expanding to a record of more than 40,000 t in 2015, a 600 percent increase. Peruvian aquaculture potential growth is based on important pillars such as economic, legal and FIGURE 3. Aquaculture production in Peru, 2002-2015. FIGURE 4. Principal aquaculture species and main production areas in Peru, 2014. FIGURE 5. The value of aquaculture products exported from Peru, 2003-2012. FIGURE 6. Domestic consumption of aquaculture production in Peru, 2000-2015.
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