THE FISH SUPPLY CHAIN IN SOBRADINHO LAKE, BRAZIL VOLUME 47, NUMBER 2 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY JUNE 2016 W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2016 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. P: +1-225-578-3137; F: +1-225-578-3493; Email: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2016-2017 Juan Pablo Lazo, President Rebecca Lochmann, Immediate Past President William Daniels, President-Elect Wendy Sealey, Treasurer Jennifer Cobcroft, Secretary DIRECTORS Zuridah O. Merican Carole R. Engle Kathleen Hartman Patricia Moraes-Valenti Darryl E. Jory Antonio Garza de Yta CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Endhay Kontara, Asian Pacific Gef Flimlin, USAS Lorenzo Juarez, Latin America and Caribbean Ik Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@aol.com MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2014, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 47 NO. 2 JUNE 2016 Cover: Harvesting tilapia from cages in Sobradinho Lake, Brazil. Photo: Fernanda Muniz Bez Birolo. 8 Largest Event Delivers for AwF in Indonesia 9 A Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 10 In Memoriam: Junda Lin (1960-2016) 12 Aquaculture in Peru Christian Berger and Dagoberto Sanchez 15 IMARPE: The Peruvian Aquaculture Research Center Carla Aguilar Samanamud 18 Debasing the Currency of Science – The Growing Menace of Predatory Open Access Journals Peter G. Beninger, Jeffrey Beall and Sandra Shumway 24 So, You Want to Be a Fish Farmer? Josh Goldman 28 Intake and Digestion of Food by Fish Larvae and Juveniles: A Strategy Planned Over Twenty-four Hours Manuel Yúfera 33 Metamorphic Challenges Rearing Atlantic Halibut Larvae Ana S. Gomes, Torstein Harboe and Ivar Rønnestad 39 Socioeconomics of Rainbow Trout Aquaculture along the Assi (Orontes) River in Hermel, Lebanon I. Patrick Saoud, Nadim Farajalla, Yara Daou and Antonio Garza de Yta 47 Small-scale Cage Culture of Asian Seabass in Kundapur Region, Karnataka, India Sunil Kumar S Ail and Ramachandra Bhatta 53 Analyzing the Supply Chain for Fish in Sobradinho Lake, Bahia, Brazil Marco Aurélio Rotta, Lúcia Rejane Madruga, Daniela F. Bacconi Campeche and Rebert Coelho Correa 59 Recent Trends in Breeding and Seed Production of Magur in India S.K. Sahoo, S. Ferosekhan, S.S. Giri and S.K. Swain 64 Local Food Markets for Catfish in Kentucky Siddhartha Dasgupta, Richard Bryant and Alejandro Velasquez (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 JUNE 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column I sit near a beautiful Buddhist temple in central Bali, completely mesmerized by the peaceful scenery of rice fields, palm trees and volcanoes in the background, after a very busy and intense week in Surabaya, Indonesia, where we just finished the annual conference of the Asian Pacific Chapter of WAS (APA 16). Based on the final number of participants registered for the conference, WAS broke an attendance record, with nearly 6,000 participants representing more than 51 countries. This is arguably to be expected because roughly 90 percent of global aquaculture production comes from Asia but attendance was indeed impressive. Part of the success of APA 16 can be attributed to the superb organization of the local committee that coordinated and hosted the meeting, particularly Dr. Farshad Shishehchian (WAS-APC Immediate Past-President) and Dr. Endhay Kusnendar (WAS-APC President) and Dr. Ir Slamet (Director General, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia). It is also important to recognize the degree of development of the aquaculture industry in the Asian region (Southern and Eastern Asia), comprising 27 percent of total global production in 2012. Talks are underway to hold the WAS international meeting, World Aquaculture 2020, in Indonesia. As you well know, since 2013, aquaculture has overtaken wild-caught seafood in terms of meeting consumer demand. We need to be aware of the challenges involved in meeting the consumer demand for aquaculture products over the next 10-15 years. Although aquaculture produces nearly 50 percent of the fish, shellfish and macroalgae, according to FAO estimates, we face the daunting task of doubling current production by 2030. It is imperative that the needed production increase is accomplished in a sustainable manner using best practices throughout the world. It is in facing this challenge that our Society plays an important role: we need to be concerned with what we leave to future generations and the environment. For these and other reasons, it is an honor and privilege for me to take charge of the World Aquaculture Society for the current presidential term. I am committed to promoting the continuing role of WAS as the leader in science, technology and education information exchange worldwide. Through adequate leadership and collaboration, WAS can contribute significantly to the sustainable development and integration of aquaculture around the world. The quality of services provided to our members must be improved to focus more specifically on their particular needs and challenges. The Society must also be sensitive to and act upon quickly changing production trends and we must increase participation of underrepresented groups, particularly those from Africa, Latin America and some Asian regions. Social media plays a crucial role in the exchange of information, and WAS must embrace technological venues as a means of communication. I would like to enhance student involvement in WAS activities by developing opportunities for participation in leadership positions and conference organization, as well as strengthening the Student Activity Committee within each chapter and exploring the creation of a global network of student members. With respect to our scientific journal, the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, we are fortunate to have an outstanding new Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Carole Engle (retired from University of Arkansas and now at Engle-Stone Aquatics). Dr. Engle is developing and implementing new strategies to attract the submission of higher quality papers and improve the impact of our scientific journal. I encourage members to submit their work to our newly revamped journal and promote the journal with their peers. The Society serves as primary facilitator for exchange of information, technology transfer, policy development and communication among all sectors engaged in aquaculture. By making WAS more visible and recognized by the global aquaculture community and increasing involvement in our chapters and affiliate societies, we can draw key players around the world together to further the development of aquaculture in a sustainable way. We are implementing new industry awards to recognize leaders within that sector that have a strong impact on aquaculture around the world. The Society is also creating yearly forums to facilitate the exchange of information between scientists and industry representatives. I see WAS becoming the leading, high-profile and most important aquaculture society in the world, committed to promoting Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Korean Chapter Report 5 USAS Report 6 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 7 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Advertiser’s Index 72 Membership Application (CONTINUED ON PAGE 4)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2016 3 Editor’s Note Harmful algae blooms is the term used to describe naturally occurring, worldwide phenomena of nuisance blooms of toxic algae. From December 2015 to March 2016, a slow-moving disaster struck the farmed salmon industry in southern Chile and 20-25 million farmed salmon were killed by an algae bloom of Pseudochattonella verruculosa. Mortalities started in the Los Lagos area (Region X) in January and then spread northward for hundreds of kilometers to Los Lagos, Los Ríos and Chiloé island, the main salmon farming areas of the country. At its peak, more than 2,000 km of coastline were affected, with a hardest hit area of about 300 km. To dispose of the dead salmon, about 22,000 t were ground up for fishmeal and an additional 9,000 t were disposed of in landfills. In what now seems to be an ill-advised decision, the government fisheries agency, Sernapesca, and the Chilean Navy approved a request from the salmon industry trade group, SalmonChile to dump 4,500-9,000 t of dead salmon at sea about 130 km from Chiloé island. A few weeks after the dumping of dead salmon at sea, in April, another wave of dead sealife washed up on Chiloé island. This fish kill was caused by a bloom of the red-tide algae Alexandrium catanella, leading regulators to close area coastal fisheries and for the government to declare a state of emergency in the region in response to the environmental disaster. About a dozen people were poisoned by consuming toxin-contaminated seafood. Red tides are common and occur naturally during the summer in southern Chile. However, the impressive extent and magnitude of this year’s red tide was enhanced by the strong El Nino event that pushed regional sea surface temperatures 2-4 C above normal. The closure of area fisheries by government regulators disrupted the livelihoods of thousands of fisherman. The government offered a token compensation, bringing the level of anger and frustration of fishermen to a boil. Fishermen blocked roads and access to ports and to Chiloé island for 17 days. For a brief time, protests spread to the capital Santiago. What started as a regional protest became more widespread and occasionally violent. Many fishermen blamed salmon farming practices and specifically the disposal of dead fish at sea for the red tide. Fishermen are angry about what they perceive to be weak regulation of the salmon farming industry. Public opinion in the country generally shares the negative views of salmon farming held by fishermen. Blockades of ports prevented access to salmon processing plants and cold storage facilities, so there were no salmon exports from Chile in early May. Fishermen blockades also disrupted normal salmon farming operations. The salmon industry there was effectively paralyzed during this period. About 2/3 of salmon processing capacity is located on Chiloe island. The major salmon producers and processors in Chile reported large losses from red tide. For 2016, it is estimated that annual production will decline by 15-20 percent, from 750,000 t to about 650,000 t, the shortfall worth around $800 million. Undercurrent News is reporting that more than 10,000 people will be out of work as a result of this crisis, including 5,000 smallscale fisherman, 4,000 salmon farm industry workers, and another 2,300 indirect workers. Marine Harvest let go 500 workers and had to restructure its business. The CEO of AquaChile resigned after the company posted millions of dollars of losses. The effects of this crisis on the salmon farming industry in Chile have been profound and are expected to linger until 2018. President Michelle Bachelet has named a commission to investigate the causes of the red tide. The study has been completed but results have not yet been released. It is difficult to apportion the causes for the disaster but it seems that some combination of causes of red tides include 1) a strong El Nino event, fueled by warming induced by climate change, 2) a 25-yr period of benthic and nutrient loading by the salmon farming industry, and 3) perhaps a pulse of nutrients associated with dumping dead fish at sea, but this seems the least likely mechanism. It is difficult to explain the event with certainty because monitoring of coastal water quality has not been ongoing or systematic. Investment is needed in this basic research. The government has just now begun to reopen areas to fishing as water temperatures drop and the red tide has receded. However, mistrust of the salmon farming industry lingers and there is no doubt that the public perception of salmon farming as a “dirty” industry that contributed to making the red tide and other environmental problems is now firmly embedded in the public consciousness, irrespective of the reality. The handling of the crisis, particularly the dumping of dead fish at sea, was a public relations disaster for the industry, coming on the heels of marketing setbacks and concerns about antibiotic use. Selfregulation does not seem to work in Chile and another regulatory approach, perhaps modeled on the flexible system of “maximum allowable biomass” and zonation used in Norway. In any case, better governance and greater authority to impose limits seems to be called for in light of this disaster. In experiencing fish kills of the magnitude that occurred in Chile, for any reason, it’s hard not to believe that the sea is dying. Fish kills caused by harmful algae blooms are highly disruptive to marine and coastal ecosystems and to the livelihoods of fishermen and fish farmers who depend on those systems. These crisislevel events seem destined to be part of our future, representing a challenge to the sustainability of aquaculture. People want aquaculture industries to act responsibly and be “clean.” They want competence, transparency and accountability from their public officials and industry leaders. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Salmon Aquaculture in Chile: Red Tide and Social Unrest
4 JUNE 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS ‘Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences’ now an open access and online journal ‘Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences’ is the official journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. It is now an open access, online journal dedicated to publishing articles on basic or applied research relevant to aquaculture, aquatic life and environments, fisheries, seafood sciences and marine biotechnology. (fas.biomedcentral.com/) The Seventh World Fisheries Congress The Seventh World Fisheries Congress (WFC-7) began its five-day run on May 23 under the theme “Challenge to Sustainable Fisheries and Safe Seafoods” at BEXCO, Busan, Korea. More than 2,000 participants from 75 countries attended WFC-7, where 1,167 presentations were made in 36 sessions on: Aquaculture, Bycatch, Climate Change and Fisheries, Fish Biology, Fisheries Assessment, Food Science, Hydropower and Energy, Management and SocialEcological Systems, New Techniques and Technology, and Stock Assessment. For the successful WFC7 meeting, President Park Geun-hye touted the fishery industry as a key driver of future economic growth, while calling for joint efforts to tackle threats to its sustainability, such as environmental pollution. “Fisheries have been developing into a future strategic industry that goes beyond a primary industry to serve as an engine for economic growth,” she said in her video message. Pointing to climate change, coastal pollution, overfishing and illegal fishing as challenges to the future of the fishery industry, Park stressed that such challenges can be overcome if those involved in the industry can marshal their “efforts and wisdom.” “I hope this conference serves as a good opportunity for us to bequeath a more productive sea to our descendants,” she said in the message. 2016-05-23 (Yonhap News) The Footprint of Korean Fisheries and Aquaculture History The National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) (formerly National Fisheries and Research and Development Institute, NFRDI) published a compilation of histories of the fisheries and aquaculture last March. “The Footprint of Korean History of Fisheries and Aquaculture” is the title of this book and it contains detailed descriptions of the technology development and dissemination process for 85 currently cultivated species, including 18 seaweeds, 20 shellfishes, 22 finfishes, 7 crustaceans and 18 freshwater species, with historical data and photographs. According to the book, the developmental phases of Korean aquaculture can be divided as follows: 1) early development stages before 1945, 2) expansion of seaweed aquaculture and use of shallow tidal flats (1946-1975), 3) development and dissemination of new technology and new varieties (1976-1990) and 4) productivity improvement and skill development (1991-present). Mr. Kang Junseok, the president of NIFS said, “I hope to help our people with the opportunity to refocus the past and present of aquaculture through this to understand the histories of aquaculture.” May 10 — Celebration of 4th Marine Gardening Day The fourth official Marine Gardening Day event was held at the port of Susanhang in Yangyang, Gangwon Province in the East Coast. Seven more events were held on the same day by private and government joint celebrations. As trees are planted in the mountains for a better tomorrow, we plant marine plants in the sea for a better future. Cultivating marine forests, which provide spawning grounds and nurseries for marine organisms, is making the sea a repository of resources for humanity into a cleaner and more abundant place. The small practice of cultivating marine forests leads the greening movement of the sea worldwide. Marine Gardening Day, held annually on the 10th of May, is a day of planting marine plants in the sea. It is a national memorial day established to let Korean people be aware of the importance of the marine ecosystem and the gravity of its devastation, and to build marine forests at a pan-national level of interest. ‘Plant for the Ocean’ To celebrate the 4th Marine Gardening Day, UNEP Korea Committee (Secretary General Kim Jae-bum) opened the ‘Plant for the Ocean’ Camp at Garorimman Bay in Seosan Chungnam from May 9 to 10. Korea fisheries resources agency (FIRA) and HSBC Korea participated in this event. The camp was attended by about 100 foreign students from UNEP Korea Committee affiliated university Corps and Marine Life Science, Kunsan National University and students from 12 countries. UNEP Korea Committee participated in through the ‘Plant for the Ocean’ campaign raising public awareness of ocean desertification and marine ecosystems, changing patterns of climate change, and the marine ecosystem conservation and protection activities and deployment activities. — Ik Kyo Chung, President Korean Chapter the development of sustainable aquaculture across the five continents by assisting in the exchange of the latest scientific and technological information among academic, private, government and non-profit sectors. The Society must also further develop its capacity for identifying the challenges faced by aquaculture and providing President, continued from page 2 solutions in a timely, efficient and scientifically sound manner. I also envision WAS as a leading promoter of best-practice guidelines for the aquaculture industry, a key component of sustainable development. We should all actively participate in making this a reality in the near future. — Juan Pablo Lazo, President
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2016 5 U.S. Aquaculture Society It makes no difference how long you have been rolling around with this planet, you can always learn new things. A long career allows for meeting all kinds of people, from those who dig in the mud for shellfish to those who run international corporations. The benefit is that if one wants to maintain a career, they need to participate in the process. That opens the doors to many fascinating things. This year it becomes my turn, thanks to those of you who elected me, to carry the torch for the U.S. Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society. The U.S. Aquaculture Society, whether you realize it or not, has a real mission. It is “to provide a national forum for the exchange of timely information among aquaculture researchers, students and industry members in the United States. To accomplish this mission, the USAS will sponsor and convene workshops and meetings, foster educational opportunities and publish aquaculture-related materials important to U.S. aquaculture development.” This mission seems lofty but it is quite attainable and actually one of the most basic human processes that we have: to share knowledge. From the time the first guy in a cave showed someone else how to make a fire to today, we are all on a similar path to share what we have learned to help those who are with us. We should realize that we are all one and what we have gained in knowledge is what we should share for the betterment of others. That knowledge hopefully will allow growers to raise fish and shellfish in an economically viable way while keeping the process environmentally responsible. This is not a lofty aspiration but simply being a good human being. We are so important in the progress of aquaculture. Over the past few years, I have been privileged to participate in the USAS as a Director and then moving into this leadership role. This has not be done alone; the people who have gone before me, most recently Past-Presidents Kathleen Hartman and Mike Denson, have provided steady direction and dedication to show the path forward. We all share a belief that those who come after us will be those who will carry this Society and this area of research and production into the future. Much of what we discuss at the Board level relates to how we can have student members participate and be ready for whatever the future may bring for them and aquaculture. This year’s Officers and Board is made up of great folks. Many of them I have known for years, all whom I trust implicitly to carry the torch of leadership forward. There are some tasks that USAS will focus on in the coming year. When I was a Director about six years ago, I started a process to get more outside funding for students to participate in annual meetings by linking with outside companies to sponsor competitions for travel and scholarships. This has grown extremely well and we hope that these partnerships will continue. Student members should always seek out these travel funds because that will allow them to be part of the mission of USAS. Dave Cline, one of my extension colleagues from Auburn University and our President-Elect, has worked diligently over the past few years as Vice-President with these outside funders to coordinate opportunities for student scholarship awards. That will now be handled by Angela Caporelli from Kentucky Department of Agriculture, our new VP, and her most capable hands. Dave will continue to work with Angela guiding the Awards Committee. Our treasury is exceptionally stable and has been watched over by Gulnihal (Rose) Ozbay from Delaware State and her committee. That financial strength will allow us to use these funds for the betterment of our members and the aquaculture industry itself. The officers and board have been working with Carol Mendoza from the WAS Home Office to reconfigure how USAS funds are invested so that we can use more of them to support our members in the future. Under the most competent direction of Kwamena Quagrainie from Purdue University, our members will be called upon to keep the membership of USAS strong. I may sound like a renegade when I say this, but I feel that membership should not just be something to put on a resume. It should be something that really means that you BELONG to an organization….a great organization, consisting of like-minded professionals. There will be some great gifts given out to our members at next year’s annual meeting coordinated by Kwamena and his committee. He is leading the way to get a display created for a USAS booth that we will take to various meetings to promote the organization and build membership for those who want to BELONG! As part of this process, USAS will be a major sponsor of the 11th International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture at Virginia Tech in August 2016. This will be the first time for a student-run booth for the Society. We will be seeking out other regional conferences to support each year. If you are planning a good-size or even a state aquaculture meeting, please reach out to see if USAS can possibly support some of it. The planning for Aquaculture America 2017 has begun under the most capable hands of two of our last Presidents, mentioned above, and Dave Strauss, a Board member from USDA-ARS. If you would like to participate, seek them out and either run a session or see if you can fit into an already scheduled session. Those student members who are reading this should know that the Student Liaison, Evan Durland of Oregon State, and the Student Apprentice, Carter Ullman of Auburn, are spearheading the Student Activities and supporting the Student Subunit Committees. Bauer Duke is chairing that Student Subunit Committee and trying to get participation from students around the country. Participating in what these committees do is the way for students to groom themselves for leadership roles in the Society and their professional careers. As Woody Allen said, “Showing up is 80 percent of life. Sometimes it’s easier to hide home in bed. I’ve done both.” But it usually works out better when you show up. There are two more Directors already moving into helping out USAS: Eric Peatman at the School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences at Auburn, and Allen Pattillo, an extension specialist at Iowa State. Eric is chairing the Publications Committee CHAPTER REPORTS (CONTINUED ON PAGE 6)
6 JUNE 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG The Asian Pacific Aquaculture Conference and Exposition (APA16) took place from 26-29 April 2016 in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The event was held at the Grand City Convention Center, which was a very welcoming venue for the conference and trade show. APA16 featured ten concurrent sessions including technical sessions and a Shrimp Farmers Day. During the event, more than 450 oral presentations and posters were made. The trade show had over 220 booths that attracted over 4,000 attendees. APA 2016 had over 1,500 full conference attendees which made the record-breaking attendance for a WAS event at over 5,500 people from over 75 countries. In addition, the day before APA16, special annual Indonesian meetings, namely the Forum on Innovation of Aquaculture Technology (FITA) and Indonesian Aquaculture (Indoaqua), were held. Among the sessions of APA16, the special session of the Shrimp Farmers Day organized by the Indonesian Shrimp Club had the biggest attendance, with over 370 people. This can be understood because Asia is the largest producer of farmed shrimp, but it is still facing the problem to increase production, which is generally constrained by disease outbreaks. Therefore, Shrimp Farmers day in APA16 was attractive for many shrimp farmers to attend. They learned from invited speakers how to successfully farm shrimp, from hatchery to grow out. Invited speakers in this session were Dr. Craig Browdy, Dr. Farshad Sishehchian, Dr. Patrick Sorgeloos, Dr. Albert Tacon and Dr. Antonio Casia. Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2016 was a great success, with record-breaking attendance for a WAS event, so discussions are already underway to hold the international meeting, World Aquaculture 2020, in Indonesia. Our next Asian Pacific Aquaculture Conference and Exposition will take place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 25-27 July 2017. — Endhay Kusnendar Kontara, President There was a changing of the guard at the annual board meeting of the Asian Pacific Chapter in Surabaya. The incoming President, Dr. Endhay Kusnendar Kontara, is a Senior Researcher at Research and Development Center for Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF). He has held several important positions at the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) during his time there and continues being a person of influence within Indonesia. Recently he was SEAFDEC Council Director for Indonesia and currently is actively involved as member of the Indonesian National Research Council, Ministry of Research and Technology, and Geographical Indication Expert Team, Ministry of Law and Human Rights. He is one of the founders and Vice President of the Indonesian Aquaculture Society (IAS) and is joined by new President-Elect, Dr. Guillaume Drillet. Dr. Farshad Shishehchian moves to PastPresident, having been the major driver of many facets of the APC for the last period. Roy Palmer retires from the board after involvement in many achievements since 2008. Guillaume Drillet received a Young Elite Scientist Award from the Danish Ministry of Independent Research and is now based in Singapore working for DHI Water and Environment where he supported the development of the Ballast Water Technology and Innovation Center as well as the DHI Environmental Laboratories. He is currently Chairman of the important International Maritime Organization (IMO) committee on Ballast Water. Dr. Patrick Sorgeloos (University of Ghent) and Dr. Endhay gave keynote presentations to the packed Grand City Hall at the Conference opening which followed the Welcome to Indonesia activities held on the previous evening. — Roy Palmer, Director – APC Asian Pacific Chapter CHAPTER REPORT USAS, continued from page 5 and Allen is working hard with the Promotion and Membership Education Sub-Committee on webinars which USAS is sponsoring with the National Aquaculture Association. The last area that should be mentioned deals with the transfer of information in a more social way. Bill Walton from Auburn, Dennis McIntosh from Delaware State, and Josh Patterson from University of Florida are working to boost the social media platforms for USAS. They are taking over USAS Facebook postings as well as starting up our Twitter (twitter.com/usaquasoc) and Instagram (www.instagram.com/usaquasoc/) accounts. Dave Cline is working with Mike Denson and me to make the new USAS website a better place to find information about aquaculture and the Society. We would greatly welcome any photos or content that you might want to share going through any of the social media outlets or onto the website. To finish, the opportunity for me to serve as President of USAS is literally a capstone to my career of service to the commercial fishing and aquaculture industries. At this point in time, I’m supposed to have a vision for USAS. I do and it’s very simple: to have our members participate, one way or another, for the benefit of other members. I have worked in Extension since 1978 and have met thousands of great hardworking people from all sectors. But the dedication I see and hope to continue to see with those coming through their professional careers and USAS gives me great hope that aquaculture will continue to grow in the United States. — Gef Flimlin, President
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2016 7 CHAPTER REPORTS One of the main goals of the World Aquaculture Society and of its Latin America and Caribbean Chapter is to bring together industry, academia, and aquaculture producers at various meetings or conventions where they can share information and the most recent advances in research and technology. I would like to highlight one recent such meeting and to share the excitement about two more LACC events taking place this year. In early March our chapter co-organized the first Global Catfish Conference in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, together with the Mexican National Catfish Council and the Mexican National Committee of Aquaculture and Fisheries. Tamaulipas is the largest producer of catfish in Mexico with 40 percent of the national total, or around 1,200 tons per year. The state also produces 85 percent of the country’s fingerlings, about 10 million. Choosing Tamaulipas and its capital city for this workshop was a tribute to these contributions and to the great potential for improved catfish farming in the area. The convention included renowned international speakers, including Michael Masser from Texas A&M University, Débora Machado Fracalossi from Federal University of Santa Catarina in Brazil, Michael McGee from Caribe Fish, Puerto Rico, and George Fullerton, Jeff Terhune, and Bill Daniels from Auburn University. The workshop also included participation of distinguished Mexican catfish researchers, among them Jorge Homero Rodríguez Castro, Gerardo Amador Cano, Manuel Parra Bracamonte, Isidro Otoniel Montelongo Alfaro, Benavidez González Flaviano, Fernando Jiménez Guzmán, María de la Luz Vázquez Sauceda, Andrés Zúñiga Cortes, Francisco Arregui, and Héctor Hugo Gojon Báez. With more than 200 attendees from catfish farming regions, this workshop was a great start for thematic LACC conferences. Speaking of thematic conferences, I am glad to announce that LACC will co-sponsor the VIII International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health and Food Safety to be held in Ensenada, Baja California, México, on September 22-23 of this year. The purpose of this event is to share the latest information on aquatic animal health and food safety, and to provide aquaculture producers with the tools needed to make informed decisions for the consolidation of aquaculture in the area. Many producers have indicated they are excited about this meeting and in particular about a special session on case studies of diseases in aquatic organisms and their solutions, which I’m sure will be very well-attended. LACC’s annual meeting, LACQUA 16 will take place in Lima, Peru, from November 28 to December 1st. This event is expected to attract more than 600 attendees and 32 trade show booths. Among the special sessions to be included in this convention are: • Fish culture • Crustacean culture • Tilapia culture • Other species • Production systems • Sustainable aquaculture • Health and diseases • Physiology and genetics • Nutrition and feeding • Processing and economics • Aquaculture and environment • Education and aquaculture careers Please plan early to attend this meeting and take the opportunity of a lifetime to see Peru’s famed archeological, colonial, and natural treasures. Stay tuned for updates regarding LACQUA16 and visit www.was.org for detailed conference information. I would like to remind our members of our upcoming chapter election. This year we are inviting nominations for the positions of Secretary and Director. These two new elected officers will begin their terms at our 2016 Annual Meeting in Lima. If you would like to submit a nomination, or to volunteer, please contact the LACC Home Office at lacc@was.org. It is through the generous contribution of the board members’ time that LACC can provide services to our membership, and for that reason I would like to thank the current board of LACC and the Steering Committees of the Catfish Global Conference and LACQUA16 for their valuable contributions. The progress of the chapter and the realization of this important event has been a result of your hard work. I look forward to see you all in Lima soon. — Lorenzo Juarez, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Wisconsin • USA 920-208-1500 Now you can adjust grading sizes without juggling multiple baskets. Our graders float, adjust quickly and have larger bars so fish pass through with little chance of gill damage. Perfect for fresh or salt water, choose either the 30 or 50 settings model. A GRADER THAT MAKES YOUR JOB EASIER 15” x 17” x 11.5” Larger size also available. Visit www.freshflo.com for more details. Check out our aerators and feeder too!
8 JUNE 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG There have only been two WAS events in Indonesia: the first was just after AwF started in 2005 in Bali and the second was the Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016 conference in Surabaya at the end of April. The people flocked to Surabaya where they embraced 240 exhibition booths and eleven rooms of conference over three crammed but exciting days at the Grand City complex in the center of the large city. The numbers may well have expected to be down a little on usual because of the clash with the Seafood Expo Global in Brussels but, primarily due to local Indonesian support, WAS saw record numbers exceeding 5,500 people attend. Indonesia, of course has a rapidly expanding aquaculture industry – nearly a 20 percent increase in the last five years in the area of aquaculture production and over 5 percent per year increase in tons produced every year for the last ten years. For those visiting from EU, USA and Australia, it was important to see the government and industry partnership, which is obviously needed to maximize aquaculture outcomes. For a country to achieve what Indonesia has over these recent years, you need a formula of a government that sets the governance, infrastructure and incentives to engage people in aquaculture, coupled with industry groups that grasp opportunities, and in the background you need active service industries that supply education, equipment, feed and all the other services. You can see this happening in Indonesia. Of course you also need to be blessed with geographic location – Indonesia is made up of thousands of volcanic islands, known for its natural beauty with beaches, volcanoes and jungles sheltering elephants, tigers and Komodo dragons. It is a great recipe. Additional to the normal program of events The International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture (ISTA) along with several special industry sessions/workshops with the latest in practical knowledge for the Indonesian aquaculture producers were held, attracting many domestic farmers. IndoAqua, Fita and 12th All Indonesian Young Koi Show were also included in this event, adding to the overall effect. WAS-APC put on a great show in Surabaya and, along with AwF, importantly engaged students in a terrific session, followed by a Students Reception that saw many talented young people engage, giving a glimpse what could be to come for the burgeoning aquaculture industry in the future. An aquaculture competition, national dress competition, cat-walk competition and a talent show ensured that everyone had a great chance to ‘strut their stuff’ and benefit from the prize money on hand. In the conference student session, AwF Directors Albert Tacon and Roy Palmer gave their own unique stories of how their careers evolved within the industry. The AwF Session included sessions about AwF activities, funding opportunities, women in aquaculture and a number of talks by the WAS-APC students and women aquaculturists who secured scholarships to attend Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016. Funding for this opportunity was provided by WAS-APC, and Aquaculture without Frontiers facilitated the process. All of the presentations have been posted at www.aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org/education/slideshows/. Typically the women’s’ network session was an interesting discussion and well led by Dr. Janine Pierce (soon to take over the Secretariat of the AwF Indigenous Network) with great contributions from WAS-APC Directors Maymyat Noelwin and Bibha Kumari and excellent presentations from Arlyn Mandas, Vaishali Joshi, Renata Melon Barroso, Menaga Meenakshisundaram and Nikoleta Ntalamagka. The AwF Women’s Network is now over 550 people strong thanks to secretariat, Julie Kimber, and we expect that will continue to grow as newly elected AwF (USA) director Sally Krueger intends to take special interest in this area. Nikoleta Ntalamagka spoke about her home county of Greece and the issue of Syrian refugees and this created much discussion about how we could all assist. Nikoleta has also emerged as a leader of students and is helping AwF establish the Students Network along with new AwF (USA) board member Michael Lee. Over 350 people joined the Students Network in the first couple of weeks so this augers well for the future. We were very pleased that Lian E. Heinhuis was able to be a special guest presenter for AwF. Lian is an associate analyst working specifically on seafood, working with Gorjan Nikolik, senior industry analyst on food and agribusiness for Rabobank International and an AwF Director. Lian presented on the various Rabobank organizations including Rabobank Foundation which pursues its objectives by supporting cooperatives or member-based organizations that offer an opportunity to save, borrow or insure. The foundation has recently signed a contract for engagement in Indonesia. The timing was excellent because AwF had just received its first Rabobank funding, which is going to assist with the training of women in Vakkom, Kerala, India. We anticipate that the project will get underway in June once all the contracts have been approved and signed. We are very excited about this, as are our MoU partners, Organic Life and the people of Vakkom. We are also grateful to Dinesh Kaippilly for his efforts in linking the opportunity and we hope that this will be the first of many such activities in the area. Another AwF board member, Polly Legendre, is using her skills to create a branding strategy for AwF. Developing a long-term plan for the development of the brand to achieve specific goals is something we have never attempted so will be interesting to see what comes of this. On the subject of strategies, Dos O’Sullivan, Australian director, is working on a Risk Strategy. Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK) CIO had its first meeting in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK during April and appointed Clifford Spencer as Chairman. He was recently appointed Aquaculture Ambassador to New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), which is expected to be a driver of a new African strategy for the organization. The important difference with the UK to other AwF’s is that the CIO is equally shared between AwF and Milling for Life. Although ‘Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK) CIO’ is the chosen common name, we must not forget that the CIO is a charity representing both aquaculture and milling. In this respect the objectives of the organization are explicit. Largest Event Delivers for AwF in Indonesia (CONTINUED ON PAGE 72)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2016 9 In each issue of World Aquaculture, we will highlight a new and exciting research paper from the relaunched Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. This issue’s selected paper is “Development of a Model to Simulate Nitrogen Dynamics in an Integrated Shrimp–Macroalgae Culture System with Zero Water Exchange” by Adolfo Sánchez-Romero, Anselmo MirandaBaeza1, Martha Elisa, Rivas-Vega, José Antonio López-Elías, Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova, and Armando Tejeda-Mansir [47(1):129138]. Shrimp remains one of the most commercially rewarding species globally, yet concerns about nutrient release from shrimp farms to the environment are widespread. There is thus an increasing interest in production in closed recirculation systems and integrated aquaculture to reduce nutrient impacts. A clear prediction of nutrient flow between species in the system is, however, needed to balance stocking and production cycles. In their article, Sánchez-Romero and colleagues developed a dynamic model to simulate nitrogen fluxes in a fully-enclosed Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei production system with integrated culture of the macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla. The model confirms previous experimental studies indicating that the best ratio between macroalgae and shrimp is 8:1, and also highlights the role of nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria in regulating nutrient flows within system water. These factors must be included in any model predicting zero- or low-exchange system nutrient dynamics. As closed recirculation systems for shrimp production expand worldwide, the model described in this paper can be used to support system design and future modifications of existing shrimp production systems that incorporate extractive species. The paper is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ journal/10.1111/jwas.12242 or under the Publications tab at was.org. — Matthew Slater, Section Editor, JWAS A Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Dr. Linlin Zhang: “Serving as a JWAS reviewer is an excellent way to learn about the review process, learn about innovations in my area of interest and also one of the best ways to prepare for development of my own manuscripts.” Dr. Luke Roy: “Serving as a reviewer for the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society is an excellent way to invest in the World Aquaculture Society while staying up to date on the most current research in the field of aquaculture.” Dr. Scott Weber: “It is a great privilege and benefit to be recognized as a reviewer for journals such as the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society because it offers global insight into our field to better understand challenges being faced in aquaculture from a truly diverse perspective, helping to further the world’s ability to provide healthy food for a growing population.” The Editorial Board of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society is pleased to announce the Best Reviewers for the 2015 volume (46) of the journal. Congratulations to Dr. Luke Roy of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Dr. Scott Weber, of USDAARS, and Dr. Linlin Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. — Carole Engle, Executive Editor, JWAS Announcing the 2015 Best Reviewers for the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
10 JUNE 2016 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG In Memoriam Junda was born in Beijing, China in 1960 and grew up in Fujian with his loving parents and a younger brother. After graduating from high school, Junda was sent to the countryside, a Maoist policy and tradition, and then was part of the first cohort of college students after the end of the Cultural Revolution. He studied at Xiamen University where he majored in marine biology. In 1982, he served at Shanghai Fisheries College as a teacher, where he met his future wife, Fanghua. He earned a Master’s degree in ecology in 1985 from Rutgers University and in 1989 was awarded a Ph.D. in marine sciences from UNC-Chapel Hill, followed by becoming a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellow. In the early 1990s he conducted molluscan and crustacean aquaculture research in various coastal habitats. His hands-on experience in the field and in the laboratory led to a position as Assistant Professor at Florida Institute of Technology, where he ultimately served as Chair of the Aquaculture Program and Director of the Marine Research Institute, a position that required his insight at the Vero Beach Marine Laboratory. As Director of the Marine Research Institute, Junda collaborated with private aquaculture entities by offering a beautiful oceanfront laboratory that had a special ingredient— access to clean ocean water. The focus of the marine lab is to investigate various aspects of ornamental aquaculture. With a team of graduate students and academic advisors, Junda helped shed light on courtship of the caridean shrimp Lysmata and the soluble and contact sex pheromones involved in finding a suitable mate. In 2012, a new peppermint shrimp was described by Junda’s Ph.D. student, Dr. Andrew Rhyne, and named Lysmata jundalini. With strong ties to China, Junda enjoyed helping other scholars receive the same higher education opportunities as he did in the early 1990s. In 2007, Junda brought in Dr. Lin Qiang (John) from Sun Yat-sen University in China as a post-doctoral fellow to explore seahorse behavior and aquaculture at the Vero Beach Marine Laboratory. With John’s guidance, Junda established a seahorse breeding lab in Vero Beach and successfully bred Florida native seahorses at a small commercial scale. They published many papers on seahorse aquaculture and gained recognition from colleagues around the world. Although seahorses are seen as a novelty item in the United States, they play a much larger role in China as traditional medicine. Junda was invited to be the advisor for China’s first seahorse aquaculture and conservation laboratory. By collaborating with Chinese farmers, John’s lab helped establish the first commercial seahorse farm in China and in 2012 they scaled up their methods to produce one million seahorses a year, and then they successfully demonstrated their techniques to culture seahorse throughout the Chinese coast. By 2014, there were about 500 seahorse farms in China and approximately 20 million commercially farmed seahorses entered the traditional medicine market to decrease the need to collect wild seahorses in China. Junda also felt that it was always very important to apply genetics to aquaculture. With Junda’s suggestion, Qiang’s lab also conducted a seahorse resource investigation, disclosing 18 seahorse species with their detailed distributions along China’s coastline so far, information that will undoubtedly be used to support seahorse conservation in China. Junda was well respected in his field and contributed to more than 90 publications. He was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2009. He courageously fought the cancer for over seven years and never gave up. He was still teaching two months before he passed away. During his own difficult times he managed to help mold others into their careers as biologists and researchers and helped his students develop into the best possible version of themselves. Junda’s door was always open to his students. His mind was always open to new thoughts and ideas. While he is gone, Junda has left his mark on the lives of family, friends, colleagues and students. — Nancy Kim Pham Ho Junda Lin (1960-2016) Editors Note: For WAS, Junda Lin served on the Board of Directors from 2008 to 2011 and was active in conducting outreach to China on behalf of the Society. He was also an Associate Editor of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.
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