VOLUME 53, NUMBER 4 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY DECEMBER 2022 W RLD AQUACULTURE IHHNV IN PENAEID SHRIMP
WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2022 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, PO Box 397, Sorrento LA 70778-0397 USA. P and F: +1-225-347-5408; Email: JudyA@was.org World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2022-23 Jennifer Cobcroft Blair, President Antonio Garza de Yta, Past-President Humberto Villarreal, President Elect Reginald Blaylock, Treasurer Kathleen Hartman, Secretary DIRECTORS Guillaume Drillet Marco Saroglia David Cline Victoria Tarus Hillary Egna Angela Caporelli Marina M. Rubio Benito, Student Director CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES John Walakira, African Jean-Yves Mével, Asian Pacific Ik Kyo Chung, Korean Francisco Javier Martínez Cordero, Latin America and Caribbean WilliamWalton, USAS HOME OFFICE STAFF Judy Edwards Andrasko, Director, JudyA@was.org Killian A. Haydel, Assistant Director, killianh@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Executive Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: Editor@worldaquaculture.us Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN 1041-5602), is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 6203 Jonathan Alaric Avenue, Gonzales, LA 70737 USA. Library subscription price $50 annually for United States addresses and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals) $1,100. Periodical postage paid at Sorrento Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Please send address changes to World Aquaculture Society, PO Box 397, Sorrento, LA 70778-0397 USA. ©2022, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL . 53 NO. 4 DECEMBER 2022 15 Honorary Aquaculture Degree for Patrick Sorgeloos 17 Recent Research Highlight from the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 18 InMemoriam: Addison Lee Lawrence, 1935-2022 21 InMemoriam: Kenneth K. Chew, 1933-2022 24 Aquaculture in Panama: Background, Challenges and Limitations Roberto Chamorro and Darío López 29 IHHNV: Origins and Realities after 40 Years Xavier Romero and Eduardo Reyes 35 Remedy for Combating Ich in Finfish Aquaculture M.J. Hansen, F. Mehrdana, E.H. Hansen, G. Salerno and J. Hansen 40 The Potential of Diving Technology on the Collection of Mesophotic Fishes for Ornamental Aquaculture Eduardo Gomes Sanches, Flavio Félix Bobadilha, Adilson Ramos Santos, Bruna Larissa Maganhe and Laura de Oliveira Camilo 46 Opportunities in Aquaculture in the U.S. Virgin Islands Herbert Quintero, Donald Bailey, Sennai Habtes and Nicole Angeli 52 Current Status of Marine Cage Culture in Saudi Arabia Benjamin C. Young, Ibrahiem Salih Alzahrani and Ali Al Shaikhi 56 Certification Preparedness: A Supportive Role for Industry Associations Darrell Green 59 Fish Sludge — a Problem or a Resource? Steinar Wasmuth 61 Yeast as an All-Rounder in Aquaculture Elina Jose Vettom, Susan Shibu and Rejish Kumar V.J 64 AModified Technique for Breeding and Seed Production of Pabda in India Swagat Ghosh, Samiran Patra and Narayan Sahu 67 Ideal Protein with Balanced Amino Acid Profile is Essential in Aquafeed to Prevent Economic Loss and Environmental Deterioration Manas Kumar Maiti and Chetan Kumar Garg COVER: Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei consuming feed pellets. See story on page 29. Photo: Xavier Romero. (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 DECEMBER 2022 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WA S .ORG Pre s i dent’s Column Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 6 Korean Chapter Report 8 African Chapter Report 11 USAS Chapter Report 13 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Membership Application What an event! World Aquaculture Singapore 2022 (WAS22), 29 Nov-2 Dec, was a fabulous return to a face-to-face international aquaculture conference in Asia. There were 3,592 people attending, representing 82 countries, and a technical programwith over 400 presentations in 58 sessions. The Trade Showwas impressive, with 264 booths, and a Singapore Pavilion as a centerpiece to highlight local producers, innovative technology, scientific capability and government agency research and development services. Investments have been made and continue to be made in Singapore to maximize seafood production from the limited land and sea area available to aquaculture—all in support of Singapore’s 30 by 30 goal —“to sustainably produce 30 percent of the nation’s nutritional needs locally by 2030.” The whole exhibition area reflected the conference theme—Next Generation Aquaculture. Congratulations to all exhibitors and sponsors of the event. On behalf of the Board of the World Aquaculture Society and society members, I thank the whole event team and the Steering Committee. I would particularly like to thank Dr. Leong Hon Keong, Dr. Farshad Shishehchian and Dr. Guillaume Drillet for co-chairing this event. Thanks to the ProgramCo-Chairs, to John Cooksey and his team for excellent conference management and to Mario Stael for bringing together the Trade Show. The leadership and team at the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) provided ongoing support of WAS22 through five years of planning and several disruptive date changes. A highlight of WAS22 was the student program, with Student Spotlight presentations, a career development workshop, student reception and awards made for quality abstracts, presentations and posters. Well done to all students who participated in the conference. The WAS Student Activities Committee worked closely with the Asian Pacific Chapter Student Director to deliver valuable professional development opportunities for all students attending. Keep an eye out for more communication through social media about WAS student activities. The WAS Board met for its mid-termmeeting in Singapore, with a particular focus on reducing the environmental impact of some activities and on bolstering Society finances to ensure that we reduce expenditures and increase revenues. Now that conferences are being held regularly, the Board anticipates an improving financial position, and we are working toward the goal of rebuilding a buffer for a “rainy day”—a buffer that WAS previously held and was relied on to maintain Home Office operations and continue conference planning through the pandemic disruptions. Discussions continue between FAO and WAS, developing ways to work together in sharing aquaculture knowledge with the international community. Dr. Matthias Halwart, Team Leader Sustainable Aquaculture – Global and Regional Processes team of the FAO, provided a plenary presentation at the conference entitled Aquaculture for Food Security and Sustainable Development. TwoWAS awards were presented at WAS22. Dr. Farshad Shishehchian was the 2020 Industry Impact award winner. Dr. Farshad has more than 30 years of dynamic, hands-on experience in the world’s top aquaculture-producing countries, managing aquaculture farms and hatcheries in different locations. His company is a one-stop solution provider for the aquaculture industry, with a global presence in 14 countries. He has established a regional professional network for sharing practical technical information about aquaculture. Dr. Sungchul (Charles) Bai was named as a WAS Fellow at WAS22. Unfortunately, Prof. Bai was not able to be in Singapore in person, but he watched onWhatsApp. He has over 35 years of teaching, research and industry consulting experience, and he currently works as a professor at Pukyong National University. He has supervised many post-graduate students and contributed to more than 250 peer reviewed journal papers and books (or book chapter) publications, and more than 500 article presentations at national and international conferences. One of his nominees wrote— “Dr. Sungchul Bai, is exactly the type of person we want to recognize as a WAS Fellow. This applies to his body of professional work, his vast contributions toWAS, and to our hopes to have him as an institutional memory and guide for the future of WAS and the aquaculture industry.” There is so much to celebrate and to learn whenWAS members and representatives of the aquaculture community come together. — Jennifer Blair, President There is so much to celebrate and to learn when WAS members and representatives of the aquaculture community come together.
WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2022 3 Ed i tor’s Note A recent paper in Frontiers in Marine Science (DOI:10.3389/ fmars.2022.984354) by Sumaila et al. is entitled “Aquaculture overoptimism?”, with the deliberate inclusion of a question mark. The authors define this as “the belief that aquaculture can continue to grow at its recent rate or even faster, and therefore be able to meet global demand for fish single-handedly.” The authors claim that a media narrative feeds into the notion that aquaculture can feed the world. To refute this narrative, the authors examined FAO time-series data and calculated the growth rate of aquaculture production, expressed as a five-year moving average. In general, the growth rate of aquaculture was about 10 percent in the 1990s, 6 percent in the 2000s, 4 percent in the 2010s and 2 percent in the 2020s. The authors calculated that the peak annual growth of aquaculture production was 14 percent and occurred in 1996. Using percentage data can be highly misleading and this paper is not an exception. For a country or species starting at a low baseline, growth rate in production will be very high in the early years of development and then naturally decline as time goes on. Furthermore, there is no food production system that can perpetually sustain high growth rates. It is quite normal for food producing sectors to have grown rapidly in early years and then settle into relatively low, more sustainable growth rates. It is more important to look at absolute increases in production and not growth rates. A country that starts at a high baseline (pick any Asian country) and increases production by a relatively small percentage over time can add considerable production to global seafood supplies. It is curious why the authors chose this approach. The real agenda of the paper is revealed in the statement that “An extreme form of as aquaculture over-optimism is the notion that we need not worry about sustaining wild fish stocks because we can meet the global need through farming.” Why take this approach of considering an extreme case? Who or what institution in aquaculture is saying that we should not work on sustaining wild fish stocks. There is no merit in pitting fisheries and aquaculture against each other. It is not an either/or, extreme-scenario, zero-sum game. As is well known, fisheries production has been stagnant since the 1990s. Overfished stocks have increased from about 15 percent in 1980 to about 35 percent currently. Shouldn’t efforts be made to try to move fishing effort to more sustainable levels in those fisheries that would actually increase catches? In particular, capacity-enhancing subsidies that encourage overfishing should be removed or retargeted. The fact is that efforts to improve the management and sustainability of fisheries, and more importantly, to increase production, over the last few decades have on the whole failed. Pointing the finger at aquaculture by saying the industry is making promises that it can’t deliver is disingenuous and misplaced criticism. There has always been a sense of optimism associated with aquaculture development given the vast potential in the early years of development in the 1970s and 1980s. Sure, there have been hyperbolic statements about aquaculture feeding the world, but it is true that for a time aquaculture was the fastest-growing food production sector in the world, mostly in Asia. And more recently, the message that aquaculture is a very efficient way to produce animal protein from the perspective of resource use has gained currency. In the paper “Fish to 2030” published in 2015 (DOI:10.1080/1365 7305.2015.994240), the authors evaluate hypothetical scenarios based on various sets of plausible conditions to arrive at estimates of future aquaculture production. Such estimates for 2030 range from 93 to 116 million tons, seen as unattainable at current growth rates by Sunaila et al. In the Sunaila paper, they propose an extreme scenario “without wild fish,” concluding that aquaculture production growth rate would have to be three times the current production projected for 2030. It is unclear why this unrealistic scenario was even proposed. To meet projected future demand, it is clear that additional technical innovation are needed, management of any disease outbreaks would have to occur and other biophysical resource limitations would have to be overcome. Sunaila et al. also discuss the geographical distribution of farmed fish production, making the point that fisheries resources are more uniformly distributed around the world, in contrast to aquaculture production that is concentrated in Asia (80 percent of total), and in China in particular (60 percent of total). The authors claim that the socioeconomic costs of over-optimistic aquaculture production scenarios could be “devastating” to low-income countries. Again, this assumes an extreme case of aquaculture providing all local fish production. Why? If this article is intended to influence policy, it seems to have completely missed the mark. It’s hard to knowwhat policy options the authors would favor. What would constitute a more realistic or less optimistic outlook of aquaculture’s future? Aquaculture production increases are generally flat outside of Asia, so much more work needs to be done to foster aquaculture development in those places, principally by creating a favorable enabling environment. Of course, also needed are ongoing technological innovation in genetic improvement programs, cost-effective and efficient feeds, disease management and biosecurity, and development of downstream parts of the value chain, including processing, marketing and distribution. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Are Projections of Aquaculture Growth Over-Optimistic? WORLD AQUACULTURE 2022 World Aquaculture 2022 Singapore November 29-December 2, 2022 was a great success after many postponements. During the post-conferenceWAS Board meeting, the Board made some changes to theWASMagazine, membership dues and other important matters. Please check out theWAS website for details. — J ENNI F ER BL A IR , WA S PRE S IDENT
4 DECEMBER 2022 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WA S .ORG C H A P T E R R E P O R T S Asian Pacific Chapter Life is not always fair, WAS Singapore is just around the corner and I will not be able to join the meeting. I will miss you all my friends, but I am again back in France for a new aortic valve in the next couple of weeks. During the meeting in Singapore, Dr. Krishna R. Salin will replace me as APC President, and I will assume the function of Past-president. Meanwhile I am thinking about what I could write about in my last column as President and contemplate my empty screen without any inspiration as the news in Europe is rather bleak and after two weeks of waiting for my operation, I am already missing Laos and Asia. But listening to the news in Europe, one thing is certain, headlines are often about the upcoming energy crisis and its consequences. Over the past few years, meat consumption has been shrinking by about -0.8 percent in industrialized countries, but one of the consequences of the energy crisis has been an accelerating shift to plant-based diets, especially in the western world, which is believed to be essential for reaching climate targets, addressing public health problems and protecting animal welfare. However, the energy crisis, and the inflation it generates, does not alone explain these developments in animal products. For instance, cattle herds also tend to decrease due to drought; the grass is no longer green and animal feed is expensive. Similarly to husbandry, there is now no doubt that world’s fisheries are also in crisis. Numerous scientific reports point to an important decline in global catches to be replaced by aquaculture production. Aquaculture is considered to be a sustainable practice that can supplement capture fisheries and significantly contribute to feeding the world’s growing population. However, unsustainable aquaculture development could exacerbate the problems and create new ones damaging the already-stressed aquatic environment. Many sources of stress will weigh on the production of animal products and more generally on agriculture and aquaculture such as energy, heat, droughts, depletion of water resources, flooding, fertilizer, soil erosion and pollution, decline in functional biodiversity, labor. Knowing that yields have already been stagnating for a while. While there is an important move to promote recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the cost of energy today represents a threat to the economic viability of high-energy RAS. Higher energy efficiency and lower environmental impact have now become the most important aspects in designing and operating any aquaculture production systems and particularly RAS, which requires large amount of energy for water circulation and particularly to maintain constant water temperature. The aquaculture production system must more than ever reduce their energy requirement, operating cost and environmental footprint. Unfortunately, like with the “Green Revolution” of agriculture in the 20th century, the current “Aquaculture Blue Revolution” is evolving from an agricultural, low-impact production system toward industrial, inland recirculating fish production systems that is supposed to reduce the environmental impact. Unfortunately, this evolution is associated with a trend toward the increased production of high-value “carnivorous” fish species such as salmon, which are often environmentally and socially damaging. Usually controlled by multinational corporations, industrialized farming of carnivorous fish such as salmon, especially when produced in tropical countries, requires the intensive use of resources and create problems often resulting in negative environmental impacts and social conflicts. If the Blue Revolution were to succeed, the aquaculture industry needs to go through some reform and maybe even a revolution that will bring a paradigm shift in how aquaculture development can be done to better address sustainability, specifically addressing issues of its interaction with surrounding nature and the social environment. Future aquaculture development must be first based on sustainability. Unfortunately, the concept, while easy to describe and propose, is today more difficult to achieve than ever. As recently as 16 October, Xi Jinping’s speech, greatly praised by delegates of the 20th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, stated: “It is necessary to accelerate the transformation of our country into an agricultural power (...). We will consolidate the basis of food security at all levels (...) so that China can assure the people its ‘daily rice bowl.’” However, it has been a tough summer for farmers and those responsible for this strategic sector. Dry water reserves, tens of millions of households without electricity, thousands of factories at a standstill, farmers all over the country worried about poor harvests. It is already clear that climate change will have even more devastating effects than anticipated, especially on agriculture and aquaculture. Temperatures have never been so high in China: 45 C recorded in Chongqing on August 18, a record for a Chinese city, and 40 C was exceeded in many provinces. Never has the drought lasted so long. Jiangxi province first declared a “red alert” on September 23. At that time, almost all of this province had not received a drop of water for seventy days. The first rains fell on October 6, after being artificially induced. As early as October 7, the province again issued the red alert and since then it has been maintained. The impacts of climate change on aquaculture and fisheries sectors in numerus regions of the world will likely be both positive and negative, arising from direct and indirect impacts on natural resources. Climate change will impact aquaculture production around the globe through temperature, rainfall patterns, availability of freshwater, circulation, upwelling, sea level rise associated with seawater intrusion in estuarine areas. Climate change is likely to impose new aquaculture practices as it may be positive by enhancing growth rates of fish or negative through impact on water availability, weather patterns, stratification and eutrophication. The greater availability of phytoplankton and zooplankton through eutrophication could possibly enhance production but the predicted water stress and decreasing water availability will affect aquaculture production. ( C O N T I N U E D O N P A G E 7 )
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6 DECEMBER 2022 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WA S .ORG C H A P T E R R E P O R T S Korean Aquaculture Technology Workshop 2022 with the Norwegian Embassy AquaInfo Co. (CEOMr. Yi-Un Kim), Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Aquaculture Chapter (KOSFAS AC, President Prof. Han Kyu Lim), and the World Aquaculture Society Korean Chapter (WAS KC, President Prof. Ik Kyo Chung) held a hybrid workshop with the Norwegian Embassy in Korea to create momentum for technology change in Korea by identifying Norway’s aquaculture industry and technology level at BEXCO Busan in November. The theme of the workshop was “Meet Norwegian Leading Aquaculture Technology and Experience: The Strategy for Promoting Korean Aquaculture Technology Shifting.” This event solidified the foundation for technical cooperation between Korea and Norway. More than 200 experts, government officials, researchers, students, suppliers, farmers and other stakeholders attended the workshop, which served as a significant gathering venue to exchange and share information. The workshop covered the following topics: Trout aquaculture whole cycle production strategy in Korea (Vitamar AS); The power of genetics — how AquaGen can contribute to the development of Korean salmon farming (AquaGen); Water treatment in land-based aquaculture using ozone and Razone skimmer technology for optimal water quality (Normex AS); Proposal of crucial success factors to develop as high-tech aquaculture industry — seen from a fish tank supplier’s viewpoint (ENTEC Group); Using multitrack raceway RAS strategy to innovate olive founder (flatfish) and salmon aquaculture production (SIFT Group); The strategy to improve aquaculture production through light — the case of Norway (Signify [PHILIPS]); and Current Norway salmon aquaculture company’s a production and business model (The Lerøy Company Lerøy Seafood Group). The KOFFST International Conference 2022 The International Conference 2022 of the Korean Federation of Fisheries Science and Technology Societies (KOFFST) was held under the theme of “Fisheries Science in the Pandemic Era” at BEXCO Busan in November. Mr. Yang-Jae Im (President, KOFFST) opened the conference and Dr. Jeong-Ho Park (National Institute of Fisheries Science) chaired the Opening Ceremony. Two invited lectures were in the Plenary Session: Prof. Kuo-Wei Lan (National Taiwan Ocean Univ., Taiwan) lectured on “Impact of climate change in marine ecosystems on the spatiotemporal age structure of tuna population in the Pacific Ocean,” and Prof. Jorge Chávez-Villalba (Technological Institute of Sonora, Mexico) delivered “Bivalve production in the Mexican Pacific.” There were 636 participants, 612 domestic and 24 foreign delegates from 12 countries. Five invited lectures, 117 oral presentations were delivered, and 283 posters were shown in seven sessions concurrently held during the KOFFST International Conference 2022. KOSFAS 2022 Annual Conference and AwardWinners The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (KOSFAS) held the annual conference and business meeting in November during the KOFFST International Conference 2022. Prof. Jung Seok Lee (Gyeongsang National Univ.) was elected president of the KOSFAS for 2023 and Prof. Han Kyu Lim (Mokpo National Univ.) as the president-elect at the KOSFAS annual business meeting. Winners of the KOSFAS and Sajo Fisheries Awards, which honored the achievements, science, and technology development were announced. Dr. Jung Hwa Choi (National Institute of Fisheries Science) received the Won Jong-Hoon Academic Award. Prof. Min Soo Heu (Gyeongsang National Univ.) and Prof. Sang-Min Lee (Gangneung-Wonju National Univ.) received the KOSFAS Achievement Merit Awards for their service to the president. Sajo Fisheries Academic Awards went to Dr. Jae-il Kim (Pukyong National Univ.) and Dr. Kyounghoon Lee (Chonnam National Univ.). Sajo Fisheries Young Scientists Awards went to Dr. Hyo-Geun Lee (Jeju National Univ.) and Dr. So Ra Kim (National Institute of Fisheries Science). The Sajo Fisheries Technology Promotion Award went to Mr. Tae Min Ha (CEO, Buil Co.) and Mr. Daniel S.D. Hong (CEO, Oceantech Co. Ltd.). The Sajo Fisheries Awards have been given by the Sajo Group, a world-class comprehensive food company, leading food culture with a passion for providing safety, health, and pleasure of life to family tables, based on a family-like corporate culture and constant challenge for the future. Yong Kelp Restoration and Aquaculture Technology – 2021 R&D Excellence Achievements Award The MOF and the National Institute of Fisheries Science (President Dong-Sik Woo, from now on referred to as NIFS) announced that “Restoration of endangered kelp and development of aquaculture technology” was selected as one of the 100 national R&D excellence achievements in 2022 announced by the Ministry of Science and ICT in November. In 2022, the 100 National R&D Excellence Achievements were selected from 852 candidate achievements recommended by each ministry, department, and office among about 75,000 R&D tasks (as of 2021) carried out with government support. The development effect and social and economic ripple effects were deliberated, and the final selection was made after public disclosure and verification. The “Restoration of yong (dragon) kelp and development of aquaculture technology” selected this time was to secure and restore the genetic resources of wild dragon kelp, which have not been found in natural habitats since 2010, and to investigate if the growth of dragon kelp is possible at 15 C or less. In addition, the technology to control water depth during aquaculture was developed and distributed to apply it easily in the field. The NIFS has established a foundation for a sustainable aquaculture industry through the stable and systematic preservation of endangered kelp’s genetic resources and the development of aquaculture technology using them. Yong kelp Saccharina sculpera is a perennial brown alga that lives in the East Sea at a depth of 15 to 30 m. However, due to excessive harvesting, habitat damage, and changes in the marine environment, the amount of resources has plummeted, and it was endangered, so aquaculture production technology was required to restore the species and increase fishermen’s income. In Korean Chapter
WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2022 7 C H A P T E R R E P O R T S the NIFS, the basis for industrialization was created by securing and preserving the genetic resources of yong kelp, developing aquaculture technology for mass production, selling seeds and creating a brand image. This achievement is the first successful case of species restoration in the field of seaweed by utilizing the genetic resources of yong (dragon) kelp. Ban on the Installation of New Styrofoam Buoys The MOF announced that it would gradually ban the installation of new styrofoam (expanded polystyrene) buoys, starting with submerged farms such as seaweeds and oysters. Because styrofoam buoys are easily damaged, they have been identified as a major source of marine microplastics. Accordingly, the MOF amended the Enforcement Rules of the Fisheries Management Act to restrict the installation of styrofoam buoys on fish farms. From now on, new styrofoam buoys are limited to floating farms such as seaweeds and oysters. Also, from November next year, the new installation of styrofoam buoys will be prohibited on all fish farms. The MOF has continued on-site communication to help fishermen understand the styrofoam buoy use restriction system and to induce active participation by holding an ‘open communication forum’ in which fishermen, environmental groups and experts from each field participate. In addition, to reduce the use of styrofoam buoys in fish farms, the certification buoy supply support project, which has a significantly low probability of generating styrofoam pellets, was promoted, and replaced 20.88 million styrofoam buoys with certified buoys by last year. From next year, along with the supply of certified buoys, the company plans to carry out a project to collect and dispose of waste styrofoam buoys. The 7th Korea Ornamental Fish Industry Expo The MOF held the 7th Korea Ornamental Fish Industry Expo at Aqua Pet Land, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, in October. This exhibition was held under the theme of ‘Ornamental fish, a new leap towards the future,’ and was attended by government and local government officials, ornamental fish industry associations, ornamental fish farmers, aquarium supply manufacturers and sellers and ornamental fish clubs. At this year’s fair, there were four exhibition halls, including a water tank/supplies hall, a food/medicine hall, and a service hall, and 59 public promotion booths displaying various ornamental fish such as guppies, colored carp and goldfish, as well as multiple aquaria and related supplies, feeds and medicines. The Expo exhibited 537 pieces of colorful ornamental fish raised by hobbyists, companies, and related organizations and 25 selections of aquarium decorations of seaweed and aquatic plants. Along with dogs and cats, ornamental fish are considered one of the three major groups of companion animals and are known to have positive effects on emotional stability, child development and prevention of dementia. Venue for Korea-US Ocean Science and Technology Cooperation The MOF announced that it held the ‘Korea-US Marine Science and Technology Cooperation Annual Meeting’ with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Haeundae, Busan, in September. This annual meeting was held face-to-face for the first time in three years since COVID-19 and reviewed the significant achievements and progress of the Korea-US marine science and technology cooperation project in 2022 and discussed the discovery of project tasks to be promoted in 2023. The KoreaUS Marine Science and Technology Cooperation project began in 2000 and consists of five areas: integrated coastal management, marine research, fishery resource management, aquaculture and Sea Grants. The scale of collaboration, which started with nine topics and $139,000, has grown to 26 tasks and $925,000 as of 2022, further solidifying the cooperative relationship between the two countries. In the early days of the project, we focused on introducing advanced marine policies such as marine spatial planning and marine protected area management systems. Through the Korea-US cooperation project, we were able to establish a partnership with the US for sustainable aquaculture development. The 22-year Korea-US marine science and technology cooperation project has enabled both countries to develop marine science and technology together. WOF 2022 – Ocean as Uniters, Pursuing Global Cooperation for the Good of the Planet The World Ocean Forum (WOF) celebrated its 16th anniversary this year, an event organized by the Korea Association of Marine Industry. Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the forum was held in the form of a hybrid conference in October. This year’s central theme was “Ocean as uniters, pursuing global cooperation for the good of the planet.” Mr. Marcio Castro de Souza (Director, Fisheries Trade Team, FAO UN) gave the keynote speech. He elaborated on the most recent trends in producing fisheries and aquaculture products and the associated challenges and market innovations while highlighting the interconnectedness of FAO instruments and technical support. The WOF defined a new concept called the ‘Hyper Ocean,’ following last year’s ‘Ocean Transformation.’ Hyper Ocean means the beginning of the era with countless innovations and changes. Key players in the oceans have already made efforts to have competitiveness through new technologies and strategies. Where is the path we must choose in the era of Hyper Ocean? It is time to reunite beyond the chaos we have been through. We will identify solutions to form a roadmap to a sustainable, thriving ocean economy. — Ik Kyo Chung, President As i a Paci f ic, continued from page 4 The world is in real need of innovation for a controversial future that is not yet understood. We can only hope that the new generation of aquapreneurs will prioritize our planet rather than profit or any other business considerations. I wish to all my colleagues and friends to enjoy their time at WAS Singapore and hope I will be able to meet you all in Darwin next year. I also welcome Dr. Salin as incoming APC President knowing he will do a great job and I will make all efforts to continue working with him as the Past-president. On behalf of the Board, I wish you great success with your projects. — Jean-Yves Mével, President
8 DECEMBER 2022 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WA S .ORG C H A P T E R R E P O R T S As we round up our celebrations for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, it is imperative that African aquaculture actors, especially producers, be recognized and appreciated for their contribution in feeding humanity and creating livelihoods for millions in Africa. We are all aware of the huge numbers of malnourished people in Africa and the potential of fish in food systems to address such malnourishment. There is no doubt that aquaculture remains key to food security in Africa. Recent FAO statistics point out that Africa produced about 2.4 million t (MT) of fish, valued at US$5.3 billion in 2020. About 90 percent of total production comes from fresh water. Let’s also not forget that Egypt is still the leading producer, accounting for about 67 percent by volume (1.6 MT) in 2020. This is followed by Nigeria (260,000 t), Uganda (120,000 t) Ghana (64,000 t), Zambia (46,000 t), Tunisia (23,000 t) and Kenya (21,000 t). The rest of Africa produced the remaining 222,000 t or about 9 percent. The continent has great potential to do much more, given the significant inland water resources, extensive and untapped coastlines, desirable climatic conditions and the growing political will and increased public understanding of aquaculture. We continue to see investments both small and large scale sprouting almost everywhere. The blue economy thrust, if strategically implemented and supported, has potential to catalyze aquaculture development on the continent. Of course, there are a number of chronic challenges we ought to address along the way as we act to transform and strengthen the sector’s value chains. We are also faced and dealing with a number of emerging and unprecedented environmental threats, especially recent flooding that impacted fish farms in Nigeria (a key producer country in Africa). Fish diseases continue to threaten the sustainability of the sector. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine war is causing disruptions, especially to raw materials supply chains (i.e., fish feeds raw materials and fuel supplies), leading to high cost of doing business on many fronts. We at the African Chapter of WAS continue to do the best we can within our mandate of providing a platform for enhanced international communications, collaboration and information exchange with the wide variety of aquaculture actors and professionals around the globe. Perhaps I should begin by appreciating the government of Zambia for the recent approval to host the Second Aquaculture Africa Conference (AFRAQ23), which is scheduled for Lusaka, Zambia from 13-16 November 2023. Together with our sponsors and partners, we have begun hitting the road running in organizing the event. The momentum expressed in Egypt (AFRAQ21) in March this year continues to inspire us. It is our hope that many of you will be able to come to Zambia, one of the fastest-growing aquaculture countries in Africa. Details about the conference, including the brochure, are now available online www.was.org. I will keep updating you more on this in future columns. The Regional Conference on Aquaculture in East Africa is now scheduled for 14-17 March 2023, at Jaramogi Odinga University, Kisumu, Kenya (aquaeaconf.org) and the Regional Conference on Aquaculture in West Africa has been rescheduled to 26-29 March 2023 at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokota, Ogun State, Nigeria (wasacwar.com/about). I hope to meet many of you at these important regional events. For the North Africa region, we are scheduled to have the first Maghreb Region (North West Africa) outreach mission to Morocco, in conjunction with the International Seafood Exposition (Salon Halieutis 2023) from 1-5 February 2023. It is our hope that, during the event, WAS members and partners will meet and connect with the aquaculture community in the Maghreb region with the intention of then coming up with a strategic plan to serve this key region. Details are at www. salonhalieutis.com. I am thankful to many of our partners and collaborators for inviting us to conferences, events and project activities happening in Africa and beyond. These platforms and forums enable us to build our own capacity through learning and information exchange and allow us to contribute our technical expertise and strategic thinking to finding solutions on advancing sustainable aquaculture development. The WAS African Chapter believes in stronger partnerships for this cause. The African Chapter Regional Director for East Africa, Dr. Nelly Isyagi, and me will be attending the upcoming World Aquatic Health Conference in Pretoria, South Africa (3-7 December 2022). This is organized by the World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association (WAVMA), who are a key affiliate to the WAS. I shall be giving a keynote speech on the African Chapter’s role in aquatic animal health management in Africa and hope to connect with other world-leading researchers and actors on aquatic animal health. I hope to share with you some perspectives and lessons out of WAVMA 2022 in my next column. Program details of the event are available at wavma2022.co.za. World Aquaculture 2022 (WAS22) has taken place in Singapore. I was delighted to learn that over 50 WAS members from Africa registered to take part in the event, with the hope that many would be able to attend and connect with world leaders and innovators in aquaculture. The WAS 2022 Annual Board Meeting took place on the sidelines of the conference. Among other matters, there were deliberations to transform the WAS student membership and development strategies as we shift our focus to empowering youth, who we regard as the future of aquaculture development. I hope to share with you more on this and other highlights fromWAS22 in the next column. As this is my last column for year, let me end by wishing you all a blessed holiday season. Stay safe and I look forward to catching up with you again on the other side, in 2023! — John Kilemerwa Walakira, President African Chapter
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10 DECEMBER 2022 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WA S .ORG For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org | www.was.org February 23-26, 2023 New Orleans Marriott New Orleans, Louisiana Aquaculture America Associate Sponsors World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association Aquacultural Engineering Society Aquaculture Association of Canada Global Seafood Alliance International Association of Aquaculture Economics and Management Latin American Chapter WAS • US Trout Farmers Association SPONSORED BY: WAS Premier Sponsors Food For The Future 2023 AA23 was ad CMYK.indd 1 4/25/22 10:01 AM
WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2022 11 Contact Extru-Tech today at 785-284-2153 or visit us online at extru-techinc.com KEEP IT SINGLE. SINGLE SCREWMULTIPLE MARKETS SINGLE SCREW EXTRUSION SYSTEM OPTIMIZES FLEXIBILITY AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES Optimize the return on your capital investment with a single screw extrusion system. Buy one system and cost-effectively deliver product to multiple market opportunities. • One system capable of economy up to super premium fresh meat petfood • Aquatic feeds that range from floating to sinking shrimp feed • Capitalize on high margin petfood treat opportunities • Significantly lower operating cost per ton versus competitive systems As the chart below demonstrates, an Extru-Tech Single Screw Extrusion System provides all the flexibility and production efficiencies at around half the cost of competitive extrusion systems with high operating costs. PREMIUM PETFOOD PETFOOD SNACKS AQUA FEED P.O. Box 8 100 Airport Road Sabetha, KS 66534, USA Phone: 785-284-2153 Fax: 785-284-3143 extru-techinc@extru-techinc.com www.extru-techinc.com Capital Investment Extru-Tech Solution The Competition Operating Costs Ingredient Flexibility Complexity Operating Cost ($/M Ton) 1.0 1.0 Excellent Low 1.08 2.5 1.60 Excellent High 2.80 vs ET-337F.indd 1 1/28/21 8:31 AM For those that declined, one of the reasons was that they weren’t prepared to answer the questions in the nomination package, which also includes a photograph and a one-paragraph biography that includes current title, place of employment, level of education/institution, area of expertise, history of participation with USAS, etc. To increase transparency and allow potential nominees to think about how they would answer these questions, I wanted to share those here with some comments for consideration. What is your vision for USAS? On our website, we describe ourselves as follows: “The United States Aquaculture Society (USAS) is a chapter of the World Aquaculture Society (WAS). WAS is a worldwide professional organization dedicated to the exchange of information and networking among the diverse constituencies interested in advancing the aquaculture industry. As WAS becomes more globally involved in providing services and professional development opportunities, the role of USAS is increasingly important for the U.S. aquaculture community.” U.S. Aquaculture Society Aquaculture America 2023, in NewOrleans from 23-26 February 2023, is coming together and I am looking forward to a fantastic meeting! Please make your plans now to join us. You can learn more and register here: was.org/meeting/code/AA2023. We are in the middle of elections for four positions on the USAS Board: President-Elect, Treasurer/Secretary and two member-at-large Directors. I encourage all our members to take the time to review the nominees and cast your vote. This is an opportunity to have your voice heard and help direct our chapter moving forward. Having worked with the Board, I can confidently say that individuals can make a difference. Beyond voting in this election, I want to also encourage USAS members to seriously consider running for a Board position. You can learn more about the positions and the duties here: www. usaquaculture.org/about-usas. For this current election, I approached several colleagues and encouraged them to accept a nomination. After consideration, some agreed and some declined (and I always encourage consideration of the duties and time commitments prior to accepting a nomination). C H A P T E R R E P O R T S ( C O N T I N U E D O N P A G E 1 3 )
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WWW.WA S .ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • DECEMBER 2022 13 C H A P T E R R E P O R T S TThe year 2022 was a very busy year for our Chapter. We decided to help our Society in getting back to normal as soon as possible, but of course respecting the sanitary conditions worldwide and by specific countries regarding the Covid 19 pandemic. That’s why our world event coincided with LACQUA 2022, and was held in April 2023 in beautiful Mérida, Yucatán, México. It was the firsttime event in two years for many of us and this fact was good enough to celebrate getting together. But the work has continued, with release of the details and call for abstracts for LACQUA 2023 that will take place from 18-21 April at the Hotel Riu in Panama City, Panama, with the support of Promtur, ARAP, the Ministry of Agriculture of Panama, PROMTUR, the Panamanian Association of Aquaculturists and national and international experts (ASPAC). And in the past months, we have been very active in deciding the location for LACQUA 2024, and can proudly and happily inform all of our readers that the venue will be Plaza Mayor, in beautiful Medellín, Colombia, in the second half of 2024. It will be organized by the University of Antioquia and the CES University of Medellín. The idea is to unite this congress as it was done with LACQUA18 in Bogotá, that assures higher local attendance, including the very important participation of students. Colombia’s aquaculture production is very well established, among the leaders on the continent. In particular, the tilapia sector is very active and a world leader too. We are sure the conference will allow the local industry (tilapia but other species too) to show the world their advances and organization. In terms of Latin American and Caribbean aquaculture, we are focusing on helping small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in aquaculture to consolidate, including the sector of population for whom an aquaculture project is focused on production for family consumption. In this 2022 – FAO’s International Year of the Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture —we actively participated in the foundation of the Mesoamerican Network for Small Aquaculturists (REMAPE in Spanish: Red Mesoamericana de Acuicultores de Pequeña Escala). Focused on the Mesoamerican region, and working together with FAO and OSPESCA, our Chapter will join forces with REMAPE to work for SME aquaculturists. In the first quarter of 2023 we will participate in a very interesting outreach effort to these producers that involves courses online and in the field on topics as variable as production techniques, production of feed with local inputs, socioeconomics, food security and nutrition impacts, and climate change-related topics. The LACC Chapter is committed to make efforts to help aquaculture become a real game-changer and disruptive force in rural areas, alleviating poverty and improving socioeconomic conditions for thousands of families in the region. We will keep you updated of what the LACC-REMAPE initiative will achieve. We hope to see all of you in Panama City for LACQUA 2023! Please start planning. — Francisco Javier Martinez Cordero, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter USAS, continued from page 11 That leaves a lot of room for interpretation and, of course, could be open for discussion. What would your vision include? Increasing diversity? Engaging more students? Increasing industry participation? Or something else? What would your vision be for the role of USAS in advancing the aquaculture industry? Howwould you contribute to furthering the objectives of USAS? The mission of USAS is to “provide a national forum for the exchange of timely information among aquaculture researchers, students, and industry members in the U.S. To accomplish this mission, the USAS will sponsor and convene workshops and meetings, foster educational opportunities and publish aquaculturerelated materials important to U.S. aquaculture development.” Given that mission, what might you want to help with? Work with student sub-units at universities? Help determine speakers for webinars? Contribute to successful meetings? Or something else? What experience do you have that will help you in the office for which you have offered to stand? Here I would encourage members to think broadly about their experiences and skills. Given the range of positions and the freedom to pursue initiatives in those positions (while also carrying out assigned duties), there is a tremendous opportunity to contribute and also help direct where the USAS moves into the future. For example, an industry producer might very well have the business expertise and experience to serve as Treasurer. Of course, USAS will benefit from a range of voices and perspectives on the Board so please consider what perspective you might bring to the Board by running. In closing, in my experience, the USAS Board has been dominated by individuals from academia, albeit from a wide range of perspectives and areas of expertise. That said, I encourage individuals from other walks of life to consider running for a position, such as industry and non-profits interested in advancing aquaculture. This could bring a very different point-of-view to what USAS is and could be and would make us better for even having the discussion. —Bill Walton, President We are focusing on helping small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in aquaculture to consolidate, including the sector of population for whom an aquaculture project is focused on production for family consumption. In the first quarter of 2023 we will participate in a very interesting outreach effort to these producers that involves courses online and in the field.
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